A Psychosocial Touch on Elderly Individuals: Art Therapy

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 17 - 22, 30.04.2023

Nurcan Düzgün Satı Demir

https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1254046

Öz

Aging is a natural and inevitable process of change experienced by every living being. Old age can be defined as the irreversible loss of biological and mental functions as a result of the physical and mental decline of the individual, and the decrease in the body's potential to balance between internal and external factors. Individuals go through a process of physical, mental and social change while aging, and they may encounter many problems such as chronic illnesses, discrimination, abuse, neglect, social isolation, loneliness, and poverty. It is very important for individuals to live their lives biopsychosocially healthy, active, successful and happy and to cope with the problems they experience in the aging process. Art therapy, which includes the development of coping and problem-solving skills, is a psychosocial intervention used in older individuals. Different types of art therapy can be used in many problems elderly individuals face such as depression, dementia, loneliness and hopelessness. It is stated that art therapy enables the elderly to relax physically, supports autonomy, increases socialization and sharing, reduces functional impairment and improves self-confidence. In addition, art therapy is described as an extremely effective method in conditions such as dementia, depression and loneliness, which are common in elderly individuals. Art therapy, which is included in the nursing intervention classification, can also be used by nurses to increase the quality of care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Art therapy, Elderly indivuals, Psychosocial intervention

Kaynakça

• Akkaş, İ. (2020). Sosyolojik Bağlamda Yaşlılık ve Sosyal Dışlanma. Sempozyum Onursal Başkanı. 56.
• American Art Therapy Association. (2014). Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5), Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı’ndan, çev. Köroğlu E, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara.
• Aydın, M. & Kutlu, F. Y. (2021). The effect of group art therapy on loneliness and hopelessness levels of older adults living alone: A randomized controlled study. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 29(3), 271-284.
• Bulduk, S., Dinçer, Y., Usta, E. & Bayram, S. (2017). Demanslı yaşlılara uygulanan sanat terapi yönteminin bilişsel durum üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 7(1), 36-41.
• Chancellor, B., Duncan, A., Chatterjee, A. (2014). Art therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 39, 1–11.
• Ching-Teng, Y., Ya-Ping, Y. & Yu-Chia, C. (2019). Positive effects of art therapy on depression and self-esteem of older adults in nursing homes. Social Work in Health Care, 58(3), 324–338.
• Ciasca, E. C., Ferreira, R. C., Santana, C. L., Forlenza, O. V., Dos Santos, G. D., Brum, P. S., & Nunes, P. V. (2018). Art therapy as an adjuvant treatment for depression in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 256-263.
• Çelebi, Ç. D., & Yüksel, M. Y. (2014). Yaşlılık ve yaşlılara sunulan psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik uygulamalarına bir bakış. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 175-202.
• Çıtakbaş, A., & Üçok, V. A. (2019). İmgeden simgeye dönüşüm: Psikotik bozukluklarda resimle çalışma. In N. Eren (Ed.) Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavi ve rehabilitasyonunda yaratıcı sanat psikoterapileri, Türkiye Klinikleri, Ankara, 29–33.
• Dunphy, K., Baker, F. A., Dumaresq, E., Carroll-Haskins, K., Eickholt, J., Ercole, M., ... & Wosch, T. (2019). Creative arts interventions to address depression in older adults: A systematic review of outcomes, processes, and mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 2655.
• Düzgün, N. & Demir S. (2020). An Artistic Touch To People Wıth Schizophrenia: Dance And Movement Therapy. Theory and Research in Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cem Evereklioğlu, Editör, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, 223-238.
• Eren, N. (2015). Psikiyatride Bakım İçin Sanatın ve Sanat Terapisinin Yeri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatric Nursing-Special Topics, 1(1), 95-104.
• Fahs, M. C., Cabin, W., Gallo, W. T. (2011). Healthy aging and mental health: a public health challenge for the 21st century. In: Cohen N. Galea S. (Ed.) Population Mental Health Evidence, policy, and public health practice. Routledge Taylor & Francis, 248-283.
• Gardiner, C., Geldenhuys, G., & Gott, M. (2018). Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness among older people: An integrative review. Health and Social Care in the Community, 26(2), 147–157.
• Göçer, Ş. (2021). Yaşlanma Kavramı. İçinde: Göçer Ş. ve Üstündağ Öcal N. (Ed.). Güncel Yaklaşımlarla Yaşlı Sağlığı. 1. Basım. Ankara. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 1-6.
• Güner, O. & Dinçer Genç, N. (2021). Dışavurumcu Sanat Terapisi. Yenikapı Yayınları. İstanbul. 7-38.
• Güner, O. & Dinçer Genç, N. (2019). Sanat ve Psikoterapinin Buluştuğu Bir Yaklaşım: Sanat Terapisi. Yakın Kitabevi. İzmir. 1. Baskı. 14-35.
• Hernandez, S. C., & Overholser, J. C. (2021). A systematic review of interventions for hope/hopelessness in older adults. Clinical Gerontologist, 44(2), 97-111.
• Ho, R. T. H., Fong, T. C. T., Chan, W. C., et al. (2020). Psychophysiologicaleffects of dance movement therapy and physical exercise on older adults with mild dementia: A randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 75(3):560-570.
• Jenabi, E., Bashirian, S., Ayubi, E., Rafiee, M., & Bashirian, M. (2022). The effect of the art therapy interventions on depression symptoms among older adults: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 08919887221130264.
• Johannsen, S. S. (2019). Relationship Between Art Activities and Older Adult Depression. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 24(1).
• Kalınkara, V. (2021). Temel Gerontoloji: Yaşlılık Bilimi. Genişletilmiş 4. Basım. Ankara. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 7-39.
• Karaca, S. & Eren, N. (2014). The use of creative art as a strategy for case formulation in psychotherapy: A case study. Journal of Clinical Art Therapy, 2(1), 1-6.
• Karahan, F. Ş. & Hamarta, E. (2019). Geriatrik Olgularda Kronik Hastalıkların ve Polifarmasinin Ölüm Kaygısı ve Anksiyete Üzerine Etkisi. Aegean Journal of Medical Science, 1,08-13.
• Karatay, G. (2021). Koruyucu ruh sağlığı perspektifinde yaşlı bireylere yaklaşım: Halk sağlığı hemşireleri anahtar rolde midir? İçinde: Bilgili N. (Ed). Yaşlı Sağlığı ve Bakımı. 1. Baskı. Ankara. Türkiye Klinikleri, 7-11.
• Kitiş, Y. (2019). Yaşlılık ile ilgili Kavram ve Tanımlar. İçinde: Bilgili N. Kitiş Y. (Ed). Yaşlılık ve Yaşlı Sağlığı. 3. Baskı. Ankara. Vize Yayınları. 2-18.
• Lam, H. (2015). Effectiveness of expressive arts therapy for elderly with depression and anxiety. HKU Theses Online (HKUTO).
• Mann, F., Bone, J. K., Lloyd-Evans, B., Frerichs, J., Pinfold, V., Ma, R., Wang, J., & Johnson, S. (2017). A life less lonely: The state of the art in interventions to reduce loneliness in people with mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(6), 627–638.
• Masika, G. M., Yu, D. S. F., & Li, P. W. C. (2021). Can visual art therapy be implemented with illiterate older adults with mild cognitive impairment? A pilot mixed-method randomized controlled trial. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 34(1), 76–86.
• Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2019). https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/6168/i-yaslilik-surasi-sonuc-bildirisi.pdf
• World Health Organization. (2017). Date of access: 13.02.2023 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults
• World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health of older adults. Date of access: 13.02.2021.