Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Malva Sylvestris L. Seed Extract Containing Novel Electrospun PVA Nanofibers
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 987 - 998, 01.12.2021
Kübra Turan
,
Muharrem Akcan
,
Orhan Murat Kalfa
Öz
Medicinal plants have been a great source for pharmaceutical agents. However, prossessing these raw sources to turn into therapeutic drugs requires highly complex technologies and expensive methods. Malva sylvestris L. is a commonly used vegetable in traditional and ethnoveterinary medicine because of its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this study we used PVA/M. sylvestris L. seed (MSs) extract biocomposites to produce nanofibers with electrospun technique. M. sylvestris L. seed extracts were prepared and divided into fractions with 20% ACN. The metabolites in MSs extract characterized by Q-TOF LC-MS. Biocomposites with different ratios of both polymer and extract were prepared for nanofiber production. Bionanofibers have been produced from these biocomposites with optimized electrospinning conditions and their morphological analysis has been performed using SEM and FTIR techniques. Nanofibers had average diameters within the range of ∼180–244 nm. They were also found to have antibacterial activity against several microorganisms including Gram-negative (P.aeruginosa and E.coli) and Gram-positive (S.aureus and E.faecalis) bacteria. These newly generated bionanofibers with antibacterial properties hold great potential to be used in medical applications and food packaging.
Destekleyen Kurum
Kütahya Dumlupınar University Scientific Research Projects Unit
Teşekkür
We would like to thank to Prof. Dr. Tuba İça and her student Ecemnur Sertçelik for helping to antibacterial studies performed in Kütahya Dumlupınar University the Zoonoses Application and Research Center.
Kaynakça
- [1] Abid, S., Hussain, T., Raza, Z.A., Nazir, A., "Current applications of electrospun polymeric nanofibers in cancer therapy", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 97: 966-977, (2019).
- [2] Eatemadi, A., Daraee, H., Zarghami, N., Melat Yar, H., Akbarzadeh, A., "Nanofiber: Synthesis and biomedical applications", Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology., 44: 111-121, (2016).
- [3] Kumar, V., Naqvi, S., Gopinath, P., Bhagyaraj, S.M., Oluwafemi, O.S., Kalarikkal, N., Thomas, S. (Eds.)"Applications of Nanomaterials", Woodhead Publishing, United Kingdom, 179-203, (2018).
- [4] Thenmozhi, S., Dharmaraj, N., Kadirvelu, K., Kim, H.Y., "Electrospun nanofibers: New generation materials for advanced applications", Materials Science and Engineering: B, 217: 36-48, (2017).
- [5] Wang, X., Hsiao, B.S., "Electrospun nanofiber membranes", Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 12: 62-81, (2016).
- [6] Zdraveva, E., Fang, J., Mijovic, B., Lin, T., Bhat, G. (Ed.) "Electrospun nanofibers, in: G. Bhat (Ed.) Structure and Properties of High-Performance Fibers", Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, USA, 267-300 (2017).
- [7] Braghirolli, D.I., Steffens, D., Pranke, P., "Electrospinning for regenerative medicine: a review of the main topics", Drug Discovery Today, 19: 743-753, (2014).
- [8] Wang, J., Windbergs, M., "Functional electrospun fibers for the treatment of human skin wounds", European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,119: 283-299, (2017).
- [9] Turgut Cin, G., Nohut Maşlakcı, N., Biçer, A., Yakalı, G., Uygun Öksüz, A., "Electrochromic Properties of Electrospun Fibers Based on Bis-Thiomethylcyclohexanone Derivatives", Chemistry Select, 4: 13412-13419, (2019).
- [10] Saallah, S., Naim, M.N., Mokhtar, M.N., Bakar, N.F.A., Gen, M., Lenggoro, I.W., "Preparation and Characterisation of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Enzyme Immobilised in Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane", Journal of Fiber Science and Technology, 73: 251-260, (2017).
- [11] Bhardwaj, N., Kundu, S.C., "Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique", Biotechnology Advances, 28: 325-347, (2010).
- [12] Enayati, M.S., Behzad, T., Sajkiewicz, P., Bagheri, R., Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, L., Łojkowski, W., Pahlevanneshan, Z., Ahmadi, M., ''Crystallinity study of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers: effect of electrospinning, filler incorporation, and heat treatment'', Iranian Polymer Journal, 25(7): 647-659, (2016). doi: 10.1007/s13726-016-0455-3
- [13] Miraftab, M., Saifullah, A.N., Çay, A., ''Physical stabilization of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers: comparative study on methanol and heat-based crosslinking'', Journal of Material Science 50: 4174–4186, (2015).
- [14] Fahami, A., Fathi, M., "Fabrication and characterization of novel nanofibers from cress seed mucilage for food applications", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135: 45811, (2018).
- [15] Jawaid, M., Swain, S., "Bionanocomposites for Packaging Applications", Springer Nature, Switzerland, (2018).
- [16] Kurd, F., Fathi, M., Shekarchizadeh, H., "Basil seed mucilage as a new source for electrospinning: Production and physicochemical characterization", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 95: 689-695, (2017).
- [17] Urena-Saborio, H., Alfaro-Viquez, E., Esquivel-Alvarado, D., Madrigal-Carballo, S., Gunasekaran, S., "Electrospun plant mucilage nanofibers as biocompatible scaffolds for cell proliferation", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 115: 1218-1224, (2018).
- [18] Zhang, W., Ronca, S., Mele, E., "Electrospun Nanofibres Containing Antimicrobial Plant Extracts", Nanomaterials (Basel), 7, (2017).
- [19] Bozyel, M.E., Merdamert Bozyel, E., Canli, K., Altuner, E.M., "Anticancer Uses of Medicinal Plants in Turkish Traditional Medicine", KSU J. Agric Nat 22(Suppl 2): 465-484, (2019). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.550334.
- [20] Delfine, S., Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Menichini, F., Senatore, F., "Variation of Malva sylvestris essential oil yield, chemical composition and biological activity in response to different environments across Southern Italy", Industrial Crops and Products, 98: 29-37, (2017).
- [21] Benso, B., Franchin, M., Massarioli, A.P., Paschoal, J.A., Alencar, S.M., Franco, G.C., Rosalen, P.L., "Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Osteoclastogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Malva sylvestris Extract and Fractions: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies", PLoS One, 11: e0162728, (2016).
- [22] Hussain, L., Ikram, J., Rehman, K., Tariq, M., Ibrahim, M., Akash, M.S.H., "Hepatoprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity", Turkish Journal of Biology, 38: 396-402, (2014).
- [23] Prudente, A.S., Loddi, A.M., Duarte, M.R., Santos, A.R., Pochapski, M.T., Pizzolatti, M.G., Hayashi, S.S., Campos, F.R., Pontarolo, R., Santos, F.A., Cabrini, D.A., Otuki, M.F., "Pre-clinical anti- inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva sylvestris L", Food and Chemical Toxicology., 58: 324-331, (2013).
- [24] Ben Saad, A., Rjeibi, I., Brahmi, D., Smida, A., Ncib, S., Zouari, N., Zourgui, L., "Malva sylvestris extract protects upon lithium carbonate-induced kidney damages in male rat", Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84: 1099-1107, (2016).
- [25] Elsagh, M., Fartookzadeh, M.R., Kamalinejad, M., Anushiravani, M., Feizi, A., Behbahani, F.A., Rafiei, R., Arjmandpour, A., Adibi, P., "Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial", Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21: 105-111, (2015).
- [26] Kovalik, A.C., Bisetto, P., Pochapski, M.T., Campagnoli, E.B., Pilatti, G.L., Santos, F.A., "Effects of an orabase formulation with ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris L. in oral wound healing in rats", Journal of Medicinal Food, 17: 618-624, (2014).
- [27] Rostami, H., Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., "Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Malva sylvestris: Process optimization and potential functionalities", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 101: 196-206, (2017).
- [28] Samavati, V., Manoochehrizade, A., "Polysaccharide extraction from Malva sylvestris and its antioxidant activity", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 60: 427-436, (2013).
- [29] Santos, C., Silva, C.J., Buttel, Z., Guimaraes, R., Pereira, S.B., Tamagnini, P., Zille, A., ''Preparation and characterization of polysaccharides/PVA blend nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning method'', Carbohydrate Polymer, 99: 584-592, (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.008
- [30] Costa, L.M.M., de Olyveira, G.M., Cherian, B.M., Leão, A.L., de Souza, S.F., Ferreira, M., ''Bionanocomposites from electrospun PVA/pineapple nanofibers/Stryphnodendron adstringens bark extract for medical applications'', Industrial Crops and Products, 41: 198-202, (2013). doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.04.0252.5.
- [31] Al-Rubaye, A.F., Kaizal, A.F., Hameed, I.H., "Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Malva sylvestris", International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 9: 537-552, (2017).
- [32] Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Carvalho, A.M., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Santos-Buelga, C., "Characterization of phenolic compounds in flowers of wild medicinal plants from Northeastern Portugal", Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 1576-1582, (2012).
- [33] Hasimi, N., Ertaş, A., Varhan Oral, E., Alkan, H., Boğa, M., Yılmaz, M.A., Yener, İ., Gazioğlu, I., Özaslan, C., Akdeniz, M., Kolak, U., "Chemical Profile of Malva Neglecta and Malvella Sherardiana by LC- MS/MS, GC/MS and Their Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties With Aflatoxin-Contents", Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21: 471-471, (2017).
- [34] Navarro-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez-Barrio, R., Garcia-Valverde, V., Bautista-Ortin, A.B., Periago, M.J., "Nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity in edible flowers: characterisation of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16: 805-822, (2014).
- [35] Abat, J.K., Kumar, S., Mohanty, A., "Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines": A Review, Medicines (Basel), 4, (2017).
- [36] Mishra, P., Gupta, P., Pruthi, V., "Cinnamaldehyde incorporated gellan/PVA electrospun nanofibers for eradicating Candida biofilm", Material Science Engineering C, 119: 111450, (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111450
- [37] Ramalingam, R., Dhand, C., Leung, C.M., Ong, S.T., Annamalai, S.K., Kamruddin, M., Verma, N.K., Ramakrishna, S., Lakshminarayanan, R., Arunachalam, K.D., "Antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of electrospun poly-epsilon-caprolactone fibrous mats containing Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract", Material Science Engineering C, 98: 503-514, (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.135
- [38] Dehcheshmeh, M.A., Fathi, M., "Production of core-shell nanofibers from zein and tragacanth for encapsulation of saffron extract", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 122: 272-279, (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.176.
- [39] Rezaei, A., Nasirpour, A., "Encapsulation of curcumin using electrospun almond gum nanofibers: fabrication and characterization", International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1): 1608-1618, (2018). doi: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1503300
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 987 - 998, 01.12.2021
Kübra Turan
,
Muharrem Akcan
,
Orhan Murat Kalfa
Kaynakça
- [1] Abid, S., Hussain, T., Raza, Z.A., Nazir, A., "Current applications of electrospun polymeric nanofibers in cancer therapy", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 97: 966-977, (2019).
- [2] Eatemadi, A., Daraee, H., Zarghami, N., Melat Yar, H., Akbarzadeh, A., "Nanofiber: Synthesis and biomedical applications", Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology., 44: 111-121, (2016).
- [3] Kumar, V., Naqvi, S., Gopinath, P., Bhagyaraj, S.M., Oluwafemi, O.S., Kalarikkal, N., Thomas, S. (Eds.)"Applications of Nanomaterials", Woodhead Publishing, United Kingdom, 179-203, (2018).
- [4] Thenmozhi, S., Dharmaraj, N., Kadirvelu, K., Kim, H.Y., "Electrospun nanofibers: New generation materials for advanced applications", Materials Science and Engineering: B, 217: 36-48, (2017).
- [5] Wang, X., Hsiao, B.S., "Electrospun nanofiber membranes", Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 12: 62-81, (2016).
- [6] Zdraveva, E., Fang, J., Mijovic, B., Lin, T., Bhat, G. (Ed.) "Electrospun nanofibers, in: G. Bhat (Ed.) Structure and Properties of High-Performance Fibers", Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, USA, 267-300 (2017).
- [7] Braghirolli, D.I., Steffens, D., Pranke, P., "Electrospinning for regenerative medicine: a review of the main topics", Drug Discovery Today, 19: 743-753, (2014).
- [8] Wang, J., Windbergs, M., "Functional electrospun fibers for the treatment of human skin wounds", European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,119: 283-299, (2017).
- [9] Turgut Cin, G., Nohut Maşlakcı, N., Biçer, A., Yakalı, G., Uygun Öksüz, A., "Electrochromic Properties of Electrospun Fibers Based on Bis-Thiomethylcyclohexanone Derivatives", Chemistry Select, 4: 13412-13419, (2019).
- [10] Saallah, S., Naim, M.N., Mokhtar, M.N., Bakar, N.F.A., Gen, M., Lenggoro, I.W., "Preparation and Characterisation of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Enzyme Immobilised in Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane", Journal of Fiber Science and Technology, 73: 251-260, (2017).
- [11] Bhardwaj, N., Kundu, S.C., "Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique", Biotechnology Advances, 28: 325-347, (2010).
- [12] Enayati, M.S., Behzad, T., Sajkiewicz, P., Bagheri, R., Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, L., Łojkowski, W., Pahlevanneshan, Z., Ahmadi, M., ''Crystallinity study of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers: effect of electrospinning, filler incorporation, and heat treatment'', Iranian Polymer Journal, 25(7): 647-659, (2016). doi: 10.1007/s13726-016-0455-3
- [13] Miraftab, M., Saifullah, A.N., Çay, A., ''Physical stabilization of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers: comparative study on methanol and heat-based crosslinking'', Journal of Material Science 50: 4174–4186, (2015).
- [14] Fahami, A., Fathi, M., "Fabrication and characterization of novel nanofibers from cress seed mucilage for food applications", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135: 45811, (2018).
- [15] Jawaid, M., Swain, S., "Bionanocomposites for Packaging Applications", Springer Nature, Switzerland, (2018).
- [16] Kurd, F., Fathi, M., Shekarchizadeh, H., "Basil seed mucilage as a new source for electrospinning: Production and physicochemical characterization", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 95: 689-695, (2017).
- [17] Urena-Saborio, H., Alfaro-Viquez, E., Esquivel-Alvarado, D., Madrigal-Carballo, S., Gunasekaran, S., "Electrospun plant mucilage nanofibers as biocompatible scaffolds for cell proliferation", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 115: 1218-1224, (2018).
- [18] Zhang, W., Ronca, S., Mele, E., "Electrospun Nanofibres Containing Antimicrobial Plant Extracts", Nanomaterials (Basel), 7, (2017).
- [19] Bozyel, M.E., Merdamert Bozyel, E., Canli, K., Altuner, E.M., "Anticancer Uses of Medicinal Plants in Turkish Traditional Medicine", KSU J. Agric Nat 22(Suppl 2): 465-484, (2019). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.550334.
- [20] Delfine, S., Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Menichini, F., Senatore, F., "Variation of Malva sylvestris essential oil yield, chemical composition and biological activity in response to different environments across Southern Italy", Industrial Crops and Products, 98: 29-37, (2017).
- [21] Benso, B., Franchin, M., Massarioli, A.P., Paschoal, J.A., Alencar, S.M., Franco, G.C., Rosalen, P.L., "Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Osteoclastogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Malva sylvestris Extract and Fractions: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies", PLoS One, 11: e0162728, (2016).
- [22] Hussain, L., Ikram, J., Rehman, K., Tariq, M., Ibrahim, M., Akash, M.S.H., "Hepatoprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity", Turkish Journal of Biology, 38: 396-402, (2014).
- [23] Prudente, A.S., Loddi, A.M., Duarte, M.R., Santos, A.R., Pochapski, M.T., Pizzolatti, M.G., Hayashi, S.S., Campos, F.R., Pontarolo, R., Santos, F.A., Cabrini, D.A., Otuki, M.F., "Pre-clinical anti- inflammatory aspects of a cuisine and medicinal millennial herb: Malva sylvestris L", Food and Chemical Toxicology., 58: 324-331, (2013).
- [24] Ben Saad, A., Rjeibi, I., Brahmi, D., Smida, A., Ncib, S., Zouari, N., Zourgui, L., "Malva sylvestris extract protects upon lithium carbonate-induced kidney damages in male rat", Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84: 1099-1107, (2016).
- [25] Elsagh, M., Fartookzadeh, M.R., Kamalinejad, M., Anushiravani, M., Feizi, A., Behbahani, F.A., Rafiei, R., Arjmandpour, A., Adibi, P., "Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial", Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21: 105-111, (2015).
- [26] Kovalik, A.C., Bisetto, P., Pochapski, M.T., Campagnoli, E.B., Pilatti, G.L., Santos, F.A., "Effects of an orabase formulation with ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris L. in oral wound healing in rats", Journal of Medicinal Food, 17: 618-624, (2014).
- [27] Rostami, H., Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., "Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Malva sylvestris: Process optimization and potential functionalities", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 101: 196-206, (2017).
- [28] Samavati, V., Manoochehrizade, A., "Polysaccharide extraction from Malva sylvestris and its antioxidant activity", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 60: 427-436, (2013).
- [29] Santos, C., Silva, C.J., Buttel, Z., Guimaraes, R., Pereira, S.B., Tamagnini, P., Zille, A., ''Preparation and characterization of polysaccharides/PVA blend nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning method'', Carbohydrate Polymer, 99: 584-592, (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.008
- [30] Costa, L.M.M., de Olyveira, G.M., Cherian, B.M., Leão, A.L., de Souza, S.F., Ferreira, M., ''Bionanocomposites from electrospun PVA/pineapple nanofibers/Stryphnodendron adstringens bark extract for medical applications'', Industrial Crops and Products, 41: 198-202, (2013). doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.04.0252.5.
- [31] Al-Rubaye, A.F., Kaizal, A.F., Hameed, I.H., "Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Malva sylvestris", International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 9: 537-552, (2017).
- [32] Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Carvalho, A.M., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Santos-Buelga, C., "Characterization of phenolic compounds in flowers of wild medicinal plants from Northeastern Portugal", Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 1576-1582, (2012).
- [33] Hasimi, N., Ertaş, A., Varhan Oral, E., Alkan, H., Boğa, M., Yılmaz, M.A., Yener, İ., Gazioğlu, I., Özaslan, C., Akdeniz, M., Kolak, U., "Chemical Profile of Malva Neglecta and Malvella Sherardiana by LC- MS/MS, GC/MS and Their Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties With Aflatoxin-Contents", Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21: 471-471, (2017).
- [34] Navarro-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez-Barrio, R., Garcia-Valverde, V., Bautista-Ortin, A.B., Periago, M.J., "Nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity in edible flowers: characterisation of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16: 805-822, (2014).
- [35] Abat, J.K., Kumar, S., Mohanty, A., "Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines": A Review, Medicines (Basel), 4, (2017).
- [36] Mishra, P., Gupta, P., Pruthi, V., "Cinnamaldehyde incorporated gellan/PVA electrospun nanofibers for eradicating Candida biofilm", Material Science Engineering C, 119: 111450, (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111450
- [37] Ramalingam, R., Dhand, C., Leung, C.M., Ong, S.T., Annamalai, S.K., Kamruddin, M., Verma, N.K., Ramakrishna, S., Lakshminarayanan, R., Arunachalam, K.D., "Antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of electrospun poly-epsilon-caprolactone fibrous mats containing Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract", Material Science Engineering C, 98: 503-514, (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.135
- [38] Dehcheshmeh, M.A., Fathi, M., "Production of core-shell nanofibers from zein and tragacanth for encapsulation of saffron extract", International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 122: 272-279, (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.176.
- [39] Rezaei, A., Nasirpour, A., "Encapsulation of curcumin using electrospun almond gum nanofibers: fabrication and characterization", International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1): 1608-1618, (2018). doi: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1503300