Öz
Kaynakça
- Kondili, E.M., Kaldellis, J.K., “Biofuel implementation in East Europe: Current status and future prospects”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11: 2137-2151(2007).
- Van Gerpen, J., “Biodiesel processing and production”, Fuel Processing Technology, 86: 1097-1107(2005).
- Bender, M., “Economic feasibility review for community-scale farmer cooperatives for biodiesel”, Bioresource Technology, 70: 81-87 (1999).
- Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Abdulaziz, A., “Biodiesel separation and purification: A Review”, Renewable Energy, 36: 437-443(2011).
- Thiam, L.C., Subhash, B., “Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and palm oil biomass-bassed bio refinery”, Biosource Technology, 99: 7911-7922(2008).
- Marchetti, J.M., Errazu, A.F., “Esterification of free fatty acidsusing sulfuric acid as catalyst in the presence of triglycerides”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32: 892-895(2008).
- Demirbaş, A., “Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels”, Energy Conversion and Management, 50:14-34(2009).
- Beall, G.W., “The use of organo-clays in water treatment”, Applied Clay Science, 24: 11-29(2003).
- Yapar, S., “Physicochemical study of microwavesynthesized organoclays”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 345: 75–81(2009).
- Söylemez, E., Çaylak, N., Rzayev, M.O., “Synthesis and characterization of functional copolymer/organo-silicate nanoarchitectures through interlamellar complex-radical (co)terpolymerizaton”, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2(9): 639-654(2008).
- Al-Malah, K., Azzam, M.O.J., Abu-Lail, N., “Olive mills effluent (OME) wastewater post-treatment using activated clay”, Separation Purification Technology, 20: 225-234(2000).
- Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F., Abu-Aitah, L., “Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated bentonites”, Separation Purification Technology, 33: 1-10(2003).
- Yapar, S., Özbudak, V., Dias, A., Lopes, A., “Effect of adsorbent concentration to the adsorption of phenol on hexadecyl trimethyl ammoniumbentonite”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B121: 135–139(2005).
- Lagaly, G., Weiss, A., “KolloidZeitschrift&Zeitschrift für Polymere”, 243: 48-55(1970).
Öz
As an alternative to fossil fuel, production of biodiesel is very attractive but limited supply of raw materials, capital and production costs make the process less economically feasible. Because the process economics is improved by the supplementary utilization of glycerole, refinery of the crude glycerole is of importance even it means the additional cost affecting the sale of glycerole in addition to its quality. In this work, use of organobentonites is proposed for bleaching. It was found that the mixture of 1% of activated carbon and %1 of microwave dried organoclay is effective as 3% of activated carbon for 50°C and 1 hour contact time. Thus, a 60% reduction obtained in the amount of activated carbon points that the method proposed has the potentialities to evaluate a more feasible process economics.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biodiesel Bleaching Glycerine Activated Carbon Organobentonite
Kaynakça
- Kondili, E.M., Kaldellis, J.K., “Biofuel implementation in East Europe: Current status and future prospects”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11: 2137-2151(2007).
- Van Gerpen, J., “Biodiesel processing and production”, Fuel Processing Technology, 86: 1097-1107(2005).
- Bender, M., “Economic feasibility review for community-scale farmer cooperatives for biodiesel”, Bioresource Technology, 70: 81-87 (1999).
- Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Abdulaziz, A., “Biodiesel separation and purification: A Review”, Renewable Energy, 36: 437-443(2011).
- Thiam, L.C., Subhash, B., “Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and palm oil biomass-bassed bio refinery”, Biosource Technology, 99: 7911-7922(2008).
- Marchetti, J.M., Errazu, A.F., “Esterification of free fatty acidsusing sulfuric acid as catalyst in the presence of triglycerides”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32: 892-895(2008).
- Demirbaş, A., “Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels”, Energy Conversion and Management, 50:14-34(2009).
- Beall, G.W., “The use of organo-clays in water treatment”, Applied Clay Science, 24: 11-29(2003).
- Yapar, S., “Physicochemical study of microwavesynthesized organoclays”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 345: 75–81(2009).
- Söylemez, E., Çaylak, N., Rzayev, M.O., “Synthesis and characterization of functional copolymer/organo-silicate nanoarchitectures through interlamellar complex-radical (co)terpolymerizaton”, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2(9): 639-654(2008).
- Al-Malah, K., Azzam, M.O.J., Abu-Lail, N., “Olive mills effluent (OME) wastewater post-treatment using activated clay”, Separation Purification Technology, 20: 225-234(2000).
- Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F., Abu-Aitah, L., “Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated bentonites”, Separation Purification Technology, 33: 1-10(2003).
- Yapar, S., Özbudak, V., Dias, A., Lopes, A., “Effect of adsorbent concentration to the adsorption of phenol on hexadecyl trimethyl ammoniumbentonite”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B121: 135–139(2005).
- Lagaly, G., Weiss, A., “KolloidZeitschrift&Zeitschrift für Polymere”, 243: 48-55(1970).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Chemical Engineering |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4 |