RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION STUDIES OF THE ACID-CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF HAZELNUT SHELLS

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 51 - 61, 12.03.2015

Yeşim Arslan

Öz

The utilization of hazelnut shells as a renewable and low cost lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production requires  the optimization  of hydrolysis step. A comprehensive, experimental and modeling study on the acid hydrolysis of hazelnut shells is reported at variable sulfuric acid concentrations (0.1-0.7 M) and temperatures (100-120 ^oC) where a solid to liquid ratio is 1/7. The influence of the acid concentration, the temperature and reaction time on reducing sugar as well as the degradation product furan levels were evaluated by performing a 3³ full factorial experimental design. The analysis of the optimum combinations of independent variables indicates that a high acid concentration and a moderate temperature may provide the optimum acid hydrolysis conditions for hazelnut shells. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hazelnut shells, hemicellulose, acid hydrolysis, factorial experimental design

Kaynakça

• Arslan, Y., Eken-Saraçoğlu, N., 2010. Effects of pretreatment hydrolysate fermentation with Pichia stipitis to ethanol. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 8664-8670. shell
• Aşık, M., Deymer, J., Gülensoy, H., 1977. Utilization of hazelnut shell. Chim. Acta. Turc. 5, 27-42.
• Beck, S.R., Wang, T., 1982. Kinetic analysis of hemicellulose in cotton gin Residues. Presented at AIChE National Meeting, Orlando, F.L., February Bian, J., Peng, P., Peng, F., Xiao, X., Xu, F., Sun, R., 2014. Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. Food Chem. 156, 7-13.
• Cahela, D.R., Lee, Y.Y., Chambers, R.P., 1983. Modeling of percolation process in micellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25, 3-17.
• Canettieri, E.V., Moraes Rocha, G.J., Carvalho, J.A., Silva, J.B.A., 2007. Optimization of acid hydrolysis from the hemicellulosic fraction of Eucalyptus grandis residiu using response surface methodology. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 422-428.
• Carvalho, W., Canilho, L., Mussatto, S.F., Dragone, G., Morates, M.L.V., Solenzal, A.I.N., 2004. hemicellulosic hydrolysate with ion-exchange resins for xylitol production by calcium alginate- entrapped cells. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 79, 863-868. sugarcane bagasse
• Chandel, A.K., Kapoor, R.K., Singh, A., Kuhad, R.C., 2007. Detoxification of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate improves ethanol production by Candida shehatae NCIM 3501. 2007. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 1947-1950.
• Chen, L., Zhang, H., Li, J., Lu , M., Guo, X., Han, L., 2015. A novel diffusion-biphasic hydrolysis coupled kinetic model for dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour. Technol. 177, 8-16.
• Conterella, M., Conterella, L., Gallifuaco, A., Spera, A., Alfani, F., 2004. Comparison of different exploded poplar wood as a substrate for the bioproduction of ethanol in SHF an SSF. Process Biochem. 39,533-1542. methods for steam
• Corlett, R.F., 1975. Conversion of seattle’s solid waste to methanol or ammonia. Thetrend in engineering. University of Washington.
• D.Demirbaş, A., 2006. Furfural production from fruit shells by acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Energy Sourc. 28, 157-165.
• Ertaş, M., Han, Q., Jameel, H., 2014. Acid- catalyzed autohydrolysis of wheat straw to improve sugar recovery. Bioresor. Technol. 169, 1-8.
• Garrote, G., Dominguez, H., Parajo, J.C., 2001. Kinetic modeling of corncob autohydrolysis . Process Biochem. 36, 571-578.
• Giordano, P., Becceria, A., Goicoechea, H., Ol,iere, A., 2013. Optimization of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues by using radial basis functions optimization. Biochem. Engineer. Jour. 80, 1-9. particle swarm
• Gray K.A., Zhao, L., Emptage, M., 2006. Bioethanol. Curr. Biol. 10, 141-146.
• Kim, S.B., Lee, Y.Y., 1987. Kinetics in acid- catalyzed hydrolysis of hardwood hemicellulose, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium 17, 71-84.
• Larsson, S., Reimann, A., Nilverbrant, N., Jönsson, L.J., 1999. Comparison of different methods for the detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysales of spruce. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 77-79, 91
• Lavarack, B.P., Griffin, G.J. and Rodman, D., 2000. Measured kinetics of the acid catalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse to produce xylose. Catalysis Today 63, 257-265.
• Lenihan P., Orozco A., O' Neill, Ahmad M.N. M., Rooney D.W., Walker G.M. , 2010. Dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Chem. Eng. J. 156, 395-403.
• Luo, C., Brink, D.L., Blanch, H.W., 2002. Identification of potential fermentation inhibitors in conversion of hybrid poplar hydrolyzate to ethanol. Biomass and Bioenerg. 22, 125-138.
• Maloney, M.T., Chapman, T.W., Baker, A.J., 1985. Dilute acid hydrolysis of paper birch. Kinetics studies of xylan and acetyl-group hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 355-361.
• Martinez, A. Rodriguez, M.E, York, S.W., Preston, J.F., Ingram, L.O., 2000. Use of UV absorbance to monitor furans in dilute acid hydrolysates of biomass. Biotechnol. Prog. 16, 637-641.
• Mehlberg, R.L., Tsao, G.T., 1979. Low liquid hemicellulose hydrolysis of hydrochloric acid. 178th ACS National Meeting, Washington D.C.
• Miller,G.L., 1959. Use of dinitrosaliciyle acid reagent for reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31, 426- [25] Nair, R.B., Lundin, M., Brandberg, T., Lennartsson, P.R., Taherzadeh, M.J. 2015. Dilute phosphoric acid pretreatment of wheat bran for enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent ethanol production by edible fungi Neurospora intermedia. Ind. Crop.and Pro. 69, 314-323.
• Orozco, A.M., Al-Muhtesab, A.H., Rooney, D., Walker, G.M., Ahmad, M.N.M. 2013. Hydrolysis characteristics and kinetics of waste hay biomass as a potential energy crop for fermentable sugars production using autoclave parr reactor system. Ind. Crops and Pro. 44, 1-10.
• Paterakis P.G., Korakianiti E.S., Dallas P.P., Rekkas D.M., 2002. Evaluation and simultaneous optimization of some pellets characteristics using a 33 factorial design and desirability function. Int. J. Pharm. 248, 51-60.
• Rahman S.H.A., Choudhury J.P., Ahmad A.L., Kamaruddin A.H., 2007. Optimization studies on acid hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for production of xylose. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 554-559.
• Rodriguez-Chang, A., Romirez, J.A., Garrote, G., Vazguez, M., 2004. Hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using nitric acid : a kinetic assessment. J.Food Eng. 61, 143-152.
• Romero, I., Ruiz, E., Castro, E., Moya, M. 2010., Acid hydrolysis of olive tree biomass. Chem. Eng. Research and Design. 88,633-640. Tappi, 1978. Pentosans in wood and pulp.Tappi standart.
• Saha B.C., 2003. Hemicellulose bioconversion. J.Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30, 279- 291.
• Saleh, M., Cuevas, M.,Garcia, J.F., Sanchnez, S., 2014. Valorization of olive stones for xylitol and ethanol production from dilute acid pretreatment via enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by Pachysolen tannophilus. Biochem. Eng. Jour. 90, 286-293.
• Saraçoğlu, N.E., Mutlu, S.F., Dilmaç, G. and Çavuşoğlu, H., 1998. A comparative kinetic study of acidic hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn cob and sunflower seed hul. Bioresour. Technol., 65, 29-33.
• Stoffel, R.B., Felissia , F.E., Curvelo, A.A.S., Gassa, L. M., Area, M.C., 2014. Optimization of sequential alkaline-acid fractionation of sawdust for a biorefinery. Ind. Crops and Pro. 61, 160-168.
• Vallejos, M.E., Felissia, F.E., Kruyeniski, J., Area, M.C. Ind. Crops and Pro. 67, 1-6. Wyman, C.E., 1994. Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: technology, Bioresour. Technol., 50, 3-15. and Opportunities.
• Zhuang, X., Yuan, Z., Ma, L., Wu, C., Xu,M., Xu, J., Zhu, S., Qi, W., 2009. Kinetic study of hydrolysis of xylan and agricultural wastes with hot liguid water. Biotechnol. Adv. 27, 578-582.