Öz
Günümüzde üretim
yöntemleri kadar üretilen maddelerin atıklarından oluşan kirliliklerin
giderilme yöntemleri de önemli konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu atıkların
bertaraf edilmesi ve mevcut kaynakların ekonomik ve ekolojik olarak verimli
kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Dünyada tüketilen en önemli plastik
maddelerden birisi olan polyesterler esaslı polimerler için birçok geri kazanım
yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Bunlar temel olarak fiziksel ve kimyasal geri kazanım
yöntemleridir. Kimyasal geri kazanım yöntemleri ise glikoliz, aminoliz,
metanoliz, hidroliz gibi yöntemlerden oluşmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada balya
iplerinden oluşan atıklar glikoliz yöntemi ile geri dönüşüme tabi tutularak
aromatik polyester poliol elde edilmiştir. Glikoliz reaksiyonu için çinko
asetat katalizörlüğünde di etilen glikol kullanılmış olup, glikol oranı deneysel parametre olarak
incelenmiştir. Elde edilen poliol asit sayısı hidroksil sayısı ve FTIR ile
karakterize edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu poliol ile TDI’ın (tolüen di izosiyanat) reaksiyonu sonucunda
ise poliüretan malzeme elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen poliüretan malzeme FTIR ve
TGA ile incelenmiş ve ticari poliüretan ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak polyester bazlı atık balya
iplerinin glikoliz ile geri dönüşüm için elverişli ve uygulanabilir yöntem
olduğuna karar verilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Web erişimi, 02/02/2017, https://www.ihs.com/products/polyethylene-terephthalate-resins-chemical-economics-handbook.html.
- 2. Tawfik, M.E. and S.B. Eskander,"Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste using ethanolamine. Sorting of the end products",Polymer Degradation and Stability,95,187-194,2010
- 3. Web erişimi, 05/02/2017, http://www.napcor.com/PET/landing_petrecycling.html
- 4. Welle, F.,"Twenty years of PET bottle to bottle recycling—An overview",Resources, Conservation and Recycling,55,865-875,2011
- 5. Soroudi, A. and I. Jakubowicz,"Recycling of bioplastics, their blends and biocomposites: A review",European Polymer Journal,49,2839-2858,2013
- 6. Al-Sabagh, A.M., et al.,"Greener routes for recycling of polyethylene terephthalate",Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,25,53-64,2016
- 7. Pickering, S.J.,"Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials—current status",Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,37,1206-1215,2006
- 8. Komly, C.-E., et al.,"Multiobjective waste management optimization strategy coupling life cycle assessment and genetic algorithms: Application to PET bottles",Resources, Conservation and Recycling,69,66-81,2012
- 9. Kang, D.H., et al.,"An exploratory model for predicting post-consumer recycled PET content in PET sheets",Polymer Testing,30,60-68,2011 10. Awaja, F. and D. Pavel,"Recycling of PET",European Polymer Journal,41,1453-1477,2005
- 11. Shukla, S.R. and A.M. Harad,"Aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate waste",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,1850-1854,2006
- 12. López-Fonseca, R., et al.,"Chemical recycling of post-consumer PET wastes by glycolysis in the presence of metal salts",Polymer Degradation and Stability,95,1022-1028,2010
- 13. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Reactivity of polyesters in glycolysis reactions: Unexpected effect of the chemical structure of the polyester glycolic unit",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2809-2812,2006
- 14. Yamaye, M., et al.,"Chemical recycling of polyesters. One-pot–two-step conversion of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), producing the corresponding hydroxamic acids and hydrazides",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2014-2021,2006
- 15. Beauson, J., et al.,"Recycling of shredded composites from wind turbine blades in new thermoset polymer composites",Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,90,390-399,2016
- 16. Kathalewar, M., et al.,"Chemical recycling of PET using neopentyl glycol: Reaction kinetics and preparation of polyurethane coatings",Progress in Organic Coatings,76,147-156,2013
- 17. Roy, P.K., et al.,"Tertiary recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes for production of polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams",Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,1,1062-1069,2013
- 18. Pingale, N.D. and S.R. Shukla,"Microwave assisted ecofriendly recycling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) bottle waste",European Polymer Journal,44,4151-4156,2008
- 19. Imran, M., et al.,"Manganese-, cobalt-, and zinc-based mixed-oxide spinels as novel catalysts for the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) via glycolysis",Polymer Degradation and Stability,98,904-915,2013
- 20. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis by diethylene glycol. I. Evolution of liquid and solid phases",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2840-2847,2006
- 21. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis by diethylene glycol. Part II: Effect of temperature, catalyst and polymer morphology",Polymer Degradation and Stability,92,611-616,2007
Öz
Nowadays, the methods of eliminating the
pollution from wastes of the materials produced as much as the production
methods are important. This requires efficiently use of sources economical and
ecologically. Polyester based polymers, which is one of the most important
consumed plastic materials in the world, have lots of number of recycling
methods. Basically it is called chemical and physical recycling. Chemical
recycle methods include glycolysis, aminolysis, methanolysis, hydrolysis and
etc..
In this study aromatic polyester polyols produced from
bale fiber wastes via glycolysis method. Zinc Acetate used as a catalysts and
diethylene glycol used for the glycolysis reaction and moiety of glycol
investigated as an experimental parameter. Polyurethane material produced via
obtained polyol and TDI (Toluene di Isocyanate) reaction. Obtained polyurethane
material investigated via FTIR and TGA and compared with the commercial
polyurethane. As a result, it has been
decided that glycolysis is usable and applicable method for the waste bale
fibers.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Web erişimi, 02/02/2017, https://www.ihs.com/products/polyethylene-terephthalate-resins-chemical-economics-handbook.html.
- 2. Tawfik, M.E. and S.B. Eskander,"Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste using ethanolamine. Sorting of the end products",Polymer Degradation and Stability,95,187-194,2010
- 3. Web erişimi, 05/02/2017, http://www.napcor.com/PET/landing_petrecycling.html
- 4. Welle, F.,"Twenty years of PET bottle to bottle recycling—An overview",Resources, Conservation and Recycling,55,865-875,2011
- 5. Soroudi, A. and I. Jakubowicz,"Recycling of bioplastics, their blends and biocomposites: A review",European Polymer Journal,49,2839-2858,2013
- 6. Al-Sabagh, A.M., et al.,"Greener routes for recycling of polyethylene terephthalate",Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,25,53-64,2016
- 7. Pickering, S.J.,"Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials—current status",Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,37,1206-1215,2006
- 8. Komly, C.-E., et al.,"Multiobjective waste management optimization strategy coupling life cycle assessment and genetic algorithms: Application to PET bottles",Resources, Conservation and Recycling,69,66-81,2012
- 9. Kang, D.H., et al.,"An exploratory model for predicting post-consumer recycled PET content in PET sheets",Polymer Testing,30,60-68,2011 10. Awaja, F. and D. Pavel,"Recycling of PET",European Polymer Journal,41,1453-1477,2005
- 11. Shukla, S.R. and A.M. Harad,"Aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate waste",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,1850-1854,2006
- 12. López-Fonseca, R., et al.,"Chemical recycling of post-consumer PET wastes by glycolysis in the presence of metal salts",Polymer Degradation and Stability,95,1022-1028,2010
- 13. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Reactivity of polyesters in glycolysis reactions: Unexpected effect of the chemical structure of the polyester glycolic unit",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2809-2812,2006
- 14. Yamaye, M., et al.,"Chemical recycling of polyesters. One-pot–two-step conversion of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) and poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), producing the corresponding hydroxamic acids and hydrazides",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2014-2021,2006
- 15. Beauson, J., et al.,"Recycling of shredded composites from wind turbine blades in new thermoset polymer composites",Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,90,390-399,2016
- 16. Kathalewar, M., et al.,"Chemical recycling of PET using neopentyl glycol: Reaction kinetics and preparation of polyurethane coatings",Progress in Organic Coatings,76,147-156,2013
- 17. Roy, P.K., et al.,"Tertiary recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes for production of polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams",Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,1,1062-1069,2013
- 18. Pingale, N.D. and S.R. Shukla,"Microwave assisted ecofriendly recycling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) bottle waste",European Polymer Journal,44,4151-4156,2008
- 19. Imran, M., et al.,"Manganese-, cobalt-, and zinc-based mixed-oxide spinels as novel catalysts for the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) via glycolysis",Polymer Degradation and Stability,98,904-915,2013
- 20. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis by diethylene glycol. I. Evolution of liquid and solid phases",Polymer Degradation and Stability,91,2840-2847,2006
- 21. Pardal, F. and G. Tersac,"Kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis by diethylene glycol. Part II: Effect of temperature, catalyst and polymer morphology",Polymer Degradation and Stability,92,611-616,2007
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Aralık 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Nisan 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4 |
