Computer Vision Based Goal Decision System for Football Match: A Prototype Study
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 213 - 224, 24.03.2019
Emre Dandıl
,
İnanç Özkul
Öz
The
need for autonomous systems increases day by day in order to be able to appeal
to the referee's decisions in soccer. The main reason for this increase in
demand is the fact that referees can make critical mistakes that could have an
effect on important matches. Therefore, in many countries football referees,
who are based on the computer vision system as well as referees, have been
engaged in soccer games. It is aimed to provide fair competition environment by
reducing mistakes with such systems. In this study, a computer vision system, GolKaSis,
was designed for the determination of the goal event in football matches. In
the GolKaSis, firstly, the images taken from the videos obtained from the
cameras placed in a region close to the tower in the designed football field
prototype are separated as negative and positive. The ones that are positive
from these images are those showing the goal event, the ones that are negative
are the video images where the goal event is not coming to fruition. In the
developed computer vision system, the matching of the positive video with the
video images taken in real time is determined by providing Haar Cascade
Classifier. It has been seen that the computerized vision system proposed in
the test procedures on the designed prototype correctly determined the goal
event with 91% success rate. Furthermore, in the study, it was seen that the intensity of the light in
the videos obtained from the videos is the effect of correcting the goal
phenomenon. Thus, taking into account the characteristics of the camera, it is necessary
to determine the intensity of the light.
Kaynakça
- [1] R. Psiuk, T. Seidl, W. Strauß, J. Bernhard, Analysis of goal line technology from the perspective of an electromagnetic field based approach. Procedia Engineering, 72(2014) 279-284.
- [2] M. Peker, O. Özkaraca, “Büyük ölçekli veri setleri için GPU hızlandırmalı melez bir GA-SVM: Cu-GA-SVM”, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 6(3), 581-591.
- [3] I. Reid, A. Zisserman, Goal-directed video metrology. In 4th European Conference on Computer Vision '96, Cambridge, April 1996.
- [4] N. Ancona, G. Cicirelli, A. Branca, A. Distante, Goal detection in football by using support vector machines for classification. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'01), 1(2001), 611-616).
- [5] S. C. Chen, M. L. Shyu, C. Zhang, L. Luo, M. Chen, Detection of soccer goal shots using joint multimedia features and classification rules. In MDM/KDD’03, 27 August 2003, Washington, DC, USA.
- [6] K. Wan, X. Yan, X. Yu, C. Xu, Real-time goal-mouth detection in MPEG soccer video. In Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 311-314), 2003.
- [7] T. D’Orazio, M. Leo, P. Spagnolo, M. Nitti, N. Mosca, A. Distante, A visual system for real time detection of goal events during soccer matches. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 113:5(2009), 622-632.
- [8] P. Spagnolo, M. Leo, P. Mazzeo, M. Nitti, E. Stella, A. Distante, Non-invasive soccer goal line technology: A real case study. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (pp. 1011-1018), 2013.
- [9] E. Ryall, Are there any Good Arguments Against Goal-Line Technology?, Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. 6:4(2012) 439-450.
- [10] ScienceABC, https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-does-the-goal-line-technology-work.html, Erişim Tarihi: 04/12/2018.
- [11] FIFA Goal-line Technology, Recommendations for implementation in competitions based on experience from the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2012, https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifaqualityprogramme/goal-linetechnology/02/01/77/01/gltweben.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.
- [12] physics.org, http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=125, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.
- [13] Sky Sports https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/11395534/var-at-the-world-cup-when-can-video-assistant-referees-be-used-will-fans-be-informed-of-decisions, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018
- [14] A. Eldem, H. Eldem, A. Palalı, Görüntü İşleme Teknikleriyle Yüz Algılama Sistemi Geliştirme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6:2(2017) 44-48.
- [15] P. Viola, M. J. Jones, Robust real-time face detection International Journal of Computer Vision, 57:2 (2004) 137-154.
- [16] Cascade Trainer GUI, http://amin-ahmadi.com/cascade-trainer-gui/ Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.
Futbol Maçları İçin Bilgisayarlı Görü Destekli Gol Karar Sistemi(GolKaSis): Bir Prototip Çalışma
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 213 - 224, 24.03.2019
Emre Dandıl
,
İnanç Özkul
Kaynakça
- [1] R. Psiuk, T. Seidl, W. Strauß, J. Bernhard, Analysis of goal line technology from the perspective of an electromagnetic field based approach. Procedia Engineering, 72(2014) 279-284.
- [2] M. Peker, O. Özkaraca, “Büyük ölçekli veri setleri için GPU hızlandırmalı melez bir GA-SVM: Cu-GA-SVM”, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 6(3), 581-591.
- [3] I. Reid, A. Zisserman, Goal-directed video metrology. In 4th European Conference on Computer Vision '96, Cambridge, April 1996.
- [4] N. Ancona, G. Cicirelli, A. Branca, A. Distante, Goal detection in football by using support vector machines for classification. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'01), 1(2001), 611-616).
- [5] S. C. Chen, M. L. Shyu, C. Zhang, L. Luo, M. Chen, Detection of soccer goal shots using joint multimedia features and classification rules. In MDM/KDD’03, 27 August 2003, Washington, DC, USA.
- [6] K. Wan, X. Yan, X. Yu, C. Xu, Real-time goal-mouth detection in MPEG soccer video. In Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 311-314), 2003.
- [7] T. D’Orazio, M. Leo, P. Spagnolo, M. Nitti, N. Mosca, A. Distante, A visual system for real time detection of goal events during soccer matches. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 113:5(2009), 622-632.
- [8] P. Spagnolo, M. Leo, P. Mazzeo, M. Nitti, E. Stella, A. Distante, Non-invasive soccer goal line technology: A real case study. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (pp. 1011-1018), 2013.
- [9] E. Ryall, Are there any Good Arguments Against Goal-Line Technology?, Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. 6:4(2012) 439-450.
- [10] ScienceABC, https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-does-the-goal-line-technology-work.html, Erişim Tarihi: 04/12/2018.
- [11] FIFA Goal-line Technology, Recommendations for implementation in competitions based on experience from the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2012, https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifaqualityprogramme/goal-linetechnology/02/01/77/01/gltweben.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.
- [12] physics.org, http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=125, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.
- [13] Sky Sports https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/11395534/var-at-the-world-cup-when-can-video-assistant-referees-be-used-will-fans-be-informed-of-decisions, Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018
- [14] A. Eldem, H. Eldem, A. Palalı, Görüntü İşleme Teknikleriyle Yüz Algılama Sistemi Geliştirme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6:2(2017) 44-48.
- [15] P. Viola, M. J. Jones, Robust real-time face detection International Journal of Computer Vision, 57:2 (2004) 137-154.
- [16] Cascade Trainer GUI, http://amin-ahmadi.com/cascade-trainer-gui/ Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2018.