Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 12, 34 - 41, 14.01.2018

Öz

Irkçılık, Amerikan toplumuna halen daha etkileri görülebilen bir olgudur. Irkçılığın Amerika’da halden
daha etkili olması Amerikan milliyetçiliği ile olan ilişkisinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Amerikan milliyetçiliği bir
taraftan etnik sınırlamaların olmadığı, kültürel bir takım değerlerin hakim olduğu bir ulus kimlik anlayışını ileri
sürmekteyken; diğer taraftan kendi içerisinde etnik sınırlayıcı dinamikleri barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışma Amerikan
milliyetçiliğinin, çelişkili yapısından dolayı, ırkçılığı etnik ayrımcılığın bir aracı olarak kullandığını iddia
etmektedir. Bunu ortaya koyabilmek için öncelikle Amerikan milliyetçiliğinin çelişkili karakteristiği incelenmiştir.
Irkçılık ile Amerikan milliyetçiliği arasındaki ilişki ise bu bağlamda ele alınmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Bailyn, B. (1992). The ideological origins of the American Revolution (Enl. ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Balderrama, F. E. ve Rodriguez, R. (2006). Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s. Albuquerque: New Mexico: UNM Press.
  • Banks, T. L. (2008). Dangerous Woman: Elizabeth Key’s Freedom Suit-Subjecthood and Racialized Identity in Seventeenth Century Colonial Virginia. Akron Law Review, 41(3), 799–837.
  • Bush, G. W. (2004). George W. Bush: Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in New York City. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72727& adresinden erişildi.
  • Bush, J. A. (1993). Free to Enslave: The Foundations of Colonial American Slave Law. Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, 5(2), 417–470.
  • Butterfield, H. (1965). The Whig interpretation of history. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Butterfield, H. (1970). The Englishman and His History. Connecticut: Archon Books.
  • Caldwell, W. W. (2006). American Narcissism : The Myth of National Superiority. New York, NY, USA: Algora Publishing.
  • Chambers Jr, H. L. (2008). Civil Rights Act of 1964. D. S. Tanenhaus (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States içinde (C. 1, ss. 326–331). Detroit: Macmillian Reference USA.
  • Colombo, C. (1870). Select letters of Christopher Columbus: with other original documents, relating to his four voyages to the New world (Second Edition.). London: Hakluyt society.
  • Conway, M. D. (1893). The Life Of Thomas Paine, Vol. 1. (of 2) With A History of His Literary, Political and Religious Career in America France, and England; to which is added a Sketch of Paine by William Cobbett (C. 1-2, C. 1). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  • Donoghue, J. (2010). “Out of the Land of Bondage”: The English Revolution and the Atlantic Origins of Abolition. The American Historical Review, 115(4), 943–974.
  • Eguchi, S. (2013). Revisiting Asiacentricity: Toward Thinking Dialectically about Asian American Identities and Negotiation. Howard Journal of Communications, 24(1), 95–115.
  • Franklin, B. (1882). The Works of Benjamin Franklin. (J. Sparks, Ed.) (C. 8). London: B. F. Stevens.
  • Franklin, B. (1936). Benjamin Franklin - Representative selections, with introduction, bibliograpy, and notes. (F. L. Mott ve C. E. (Chester E. Jorgenson, Ed.). New York: American Book Company.
  • Gerstle, G. (1999). Theodore Roosevelt and the Divided Character of American Nationalism. The Journal of American History, 86(3), 1280–1307. doi:10.2307/2568615
  • Greene, J. P. (2011). The constitutional origins of the American Revolution. New histories of American law. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Greenfeld, L. (1992). Nationalism: five roads to modernity. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Horsman, R. (1981). Race and Manifest Destiny : The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
  • Jacobson, M. F. (1998). Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Jefferson, T. (1950). The papers of Thomas Jefferson. (B. Julian Parks, Ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kammen, M. (1993). The Problem of American Exceptionalism: A Reconsideration. American Quarterly, 45(1), 1. doi:10.2307/2713051
  • Kennedy, J. F. (1961). Massachusetts General Court, January 9, 1961. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde https://www.jfklibrary.org/AssetViewer/OYhUZE2Qo0-ogdV7ok900A.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Kramer, L. S. (2011). Nationalism in Europe and America : Politics, Cultures, and Identities Since 1775. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1997). American Exceptionalism: A Double-edged Sword. New York City: W.W. Norton.
  • Marx, L. (2000). The machine in the garden: technology and the pastoral ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Obama, B. (2006). University of Massachusetts at Boston Commencement Address. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://obamaspeeches.com/074-University-of-Massachusetts-at-Boston-Commencement-Address-Obama-Speech.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Paine, T. (1997). Common Sense. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation.
  • Peters, R. (Ed.). (1845). The Public Statues at Large of the United States of America (C. 1). Boston: Charles C. Little And James Brown.
  • Reagan, R. (1980). Ronald Reagan: Election Eve Address “A Vision for America”. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=85199 adresinden erişildi.
  • Roediger, D. R. (2007). The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. Haymarket series (Rev. ed.). London ; New York: Verso.
  • Tocqueville, A. de. (2010). Democracy in America: historical-critical edition of De la démocratie en Amérique. (J. T. Schleifer, Çev.) (Bilingual French-English ed.). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
  • United States Census Office. (1909). A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth, 1790-1900. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Vaughan, A. T. (1989). The Origins Debate: Slavery and Racism in Seventeenth-Century Virginia. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 97(3), 311–354.
  • Washington, G. (1938). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799. (J. C. Fitzpatrick, Ed.) (C. 27). Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Winthrop, J. (1838). A Model of Christian Charity. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society içinde , 3 (C. 7, ss. 33– 48). Boston.
  • Wood, G. S. (2002). The American Revolution: A History. New York City: Random House Publishing Group.
  • Wood, G. S. (2011). The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York City: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 12, 34 - 41, 14.01.2018

Öz

The effects of racism can still be observed in American society. The fact that racism is still effective in
America is due to its relation to American nationalism. While American nationalism claims a nation of cultural
values and rejects the idea of ethic discrimination; it also carries dynamics of ethnic discrimination. This study
claims that American nationalism uses racism as an instrument of ethnic discrimination because of its contradictory
structure. To demonstrate this, the contradictory structure of American nationalism has been examined first. Then
the relationship between American nationalism and racism are discussed in this context. 

Kaynakça

  • Bailyn, B. (1992). The ideological origins of the American Revolution (Enl. ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Balderrama, F. E. ve Rodriguez, R. (2006). Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s. Albuquerque: New Mexico: UNM Press.
  • Banks, T. L. (2008). Dangerous Woman: Elizabeth Key’s Freedom Suit-Subjecthood and Racialized Identity in Seventeenth Century Colonial Virginia. Akron Law Review, 41(3), 799–837.
  • Bush, G. W. (2004). George W. Bush: Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in New York City. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72727& adresinden erişildi.
  • Bush, J. A. (1993). Free to Enslave: The Foundations of Colonial American Slave Law. Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, 5(2), 417–470.
  • Butterfield, H. (1965). The Whig interpretation of history. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Butterfield, H. (1970). The Englishman and His History. Connecticut: Archon Books.
  • Caldwell, W. W. (2006). American Narcissism : The Myth of National Superiority. New York, NY, USA: Algora Publishing.
  • Chambers Jr, H. L. (2008). Civil Rights Act of 1964. D. S. Tanenhaus (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States içinde (C. 1, ss. 326–331). Detroit: Macmillian Reference USA.
  • Colombo, C. (1870). Select letters of Christopher Columbus: with other original documents, relating to his four voyages to the New world (Second Edition.). London: Hakluyt society.
  • Conway, M. D. (1893). The Life Of Thomas Paine, Vol. 1. (of 2) With A History of His Literary, Political and Religious Career in America France, and England; to which is added a Sketch of Paine by William Cobbett (C. 1-2, C. 1). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  • Donoghue, J. (2010). “Out of the Land of Bondage”: The English Revolution and the Atlantic Origins of Abolition. The American Historical Review, 115(4), 943–974.
  • Eguchi, S. (2013). Revisiting Asiacentricity: Toward Thinking Dialectically about Asian American Identities and Negotiation. Howard Journal of Communications, 24(1), 95–115.
  • Franklin, B. (1882). The Works of Benjamin Franklin. (J. Sparks, Ed.) (C. 8). London: B. F. Stevens.
  • Franklin, B. (1936). Benjamin Franklin - Representative selections, with introduction, bibliograpy, and notes. (F. L. Mott ve C. E. (Chester E. Jorgenson, Ed.). New York: American Book Company.
  • Gerstle, G. (1999). Theodore Roosevelt and the Divided Character of American Nationalism. The Journal of American History, 86(3), 1280–1307. doi:10.2307/2568615
  • Greene, J. P. (2011). The constitutional origins of the American Revolution. New histories of American law. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Greenfeld, L. (1992). Nationalism: five roads to modernity. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Horsman, R. (1981). Race and Manifest Destiny : The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
  • Jacobson, M. F. (1998). Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Jefferson, T. (1950). The papers of Thomas Jefferson. (B. Julian Parks, Ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kammen, M. (1993). The Problem of American Exceptionalism: A Reconsideration. American Quarterly, 45(1), 1. doi:10.2307/2713051
  • Kennedy, J. F. (1961). Massachusetts General Court, January 9, 1961. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde https://www.jfklibrary.org/AssetViewer/OYhUZE2Qo0-ogdV7ok900A.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Kramer, L. S. (2011). Nationalism in Europe and America : Politics, Cultures, and Identities Since 1775. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1997). American Exceptionalism: A Double-edged Sword. New York City: W.W. Norton.
  • Marx, L. (2000). The machine in the garden: technology and the pastoral ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Obama, B. (2006). University of Massachusetts at Boston Commencement Address. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://obamaspeeches.com/074-University-of-Massachusetts-at-Boston-Commencement-Address-Obama-Speech.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Paine, T. (1997). Common Sense. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation.
  • Peters, R. (Ed.). (1845). The Public Statues at Large of the United States of America (C. 1). Boston: Charles C. Little And James Brown.
  • Reagan, R. (1980). Ronald Reagan: Election Eve Address “A Vision for America”. 14 Mart 2017 tarihinde http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=85199 adresinden erişildi.
  • Roediger, D. R. (2007). The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. Haymarket series (Rev. ed.). London ; New York: Verso.
  • Tocqueville, A. de. (2010). Democracy in America: historical-critical edition of De la démocratie en Amérique. (J. T. Schleifer, Çev.) (Bilingual French-English ed.). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
  • United States Census Office. (1909). A Century of Population Growth from the First Census of the United States to the Twelfth, 1790-1900. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Vaughan, A. T. (1989). The Origins Debate: Slavery and Racism in Seventeenth-Century Virginia. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 97(3), 311–354.
  • Washington, G. (1938). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745-1799. (J. C. Fitzpatrick, Ed.) (C. 27). Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Winthrop, J. (1838). A Model of Christian Charity. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society içinde , 3 (C. 7, ss. 33– 48). Boston.
  • Wood, G. S. (2002). The American Revolution: A History. New York City: Random House Publishing Group.
  • Wood, G. S. (2011). The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York City: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İzan Meriç Tatlısu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Tatlısu, İ. M. (2018). AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(12), 34-41.
AMA Tatlısu İM. AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI. ASBİDER. Ocak 2018;5(12):34-41.
Chicago Tatlısu, İzan Meriç. “AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5, sy. 12 (Ocak 2018): 34-41.
EndNote Tatlısu İM (01 Ocak 2018) AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5 12 34–41.
IEEE İ. M. Tatlısu, “AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI”, ASBİDER, c. 5, sy. 12, ss. 34–41, 2018.
ISNAD Tatlısu, İzan Meriç. “AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/12 (Ocak 2018), 34-41.
JAMA Tatlısu İM. AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI. ASBİDER. 2018;5:34–41.
MLA Tatlısu, İzan Meriç. “AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 12, 2018, ss. 34-41.
Vancouver Tatlısu İM. AMERİKAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE IRKÇILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ETNİK AYRIMCILIĞIN IRKÇI BOYUTLARI. ASBİDER. 2018;5(12):34-41.