PANDEMİLERLE MÜCADELE İÇİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA “CEBRİ YARDIM”

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 760 - 795, 15.12.2020

Şahin Eray Kırdım

https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.781928

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, Güvenlik Konseyi’nin uluslararası barış ve güvenliğe tehdit oluşturma riski bulunan bir pandemiyi BM Şartı VII. Bölüm kapsamında ele alıp, uluslararası toplumu salgının ortaya çıktığı devletin rızası hilafına kuvvet kullanmak suretiyle yardımda bulunma konusunda yetkilendirip yetkilendiremeyeceğini incelemektedir. Çalışma ilk olarak devletlerin neden ülkelerindeki salgınları gizleme ve dahası uluslararası yardımları reddetme eğiliminde olabileceklerini tarihsel örneklerle incelenmekte ve araştırma sorusunun uzak bir varsayım olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Güvenlik Konseyi, bir salgın hastalığın en muhtemel sonuçları itibariyle salgın hastalıklarla benzerlik gösteren en az üç krizde, insani krizleri VII. Bölümün yetki alanına dahil etmiştir. Bu krizlerin sonunda alınan 814, 841 ve 940 sayılı Güvenlik Konseyi kararları inceleyen çalışma, daha sonra Güvenlik Konseyi’nin VI. Bölüm yetkileri dahilinde ve doğrudan pandemilerle alakalı olarak aldığı 1308, 1983 ve 2177 sayılı kararları incelemektedir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda çalışma iki temel iddiayı ileri sürmektedir. Birincisi, uluslararası toplumun genelinde salgın hastalıkları uluslararası barış ve güvenliğe yönelik doğrudan bir tehdit olarak görme eğilimi tam olarak yerleşmiş değildir. İkincisi, salgın hastalıklar Güvenlik Konseyi’nin bazı daimî üyelerinin de içinde bulunduğu bir devletler grubu tarafından uluslararası barış ve güvenlik için doğrudan bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmiş olsa da pandemilerin önlenmesi için VII. Bölüme başvurmak konusunda bir uluslararası teamül hukuku oluştuğunu söylemek henüz mümkün değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemiler, BM Şartı, Güvenlik Konseyi, VII. Bölüm, Kuvvet Kullanımı

“Forced Aid” in International Law to Fight Pandemics

Öz

This study examines whether the Security Council, considering a pandemic that poses a threat to international peace and security and acting within the scope of Chapter VII of the UN Charter, can authorize the international community to provide assistance by using force against the consent of the state where the epidemic occurred. With historical examples, the study first examines why states may tend to hide outbreaks in their countries and, moreover, to reject international aid, which reveals that the research question is not a distant assumption. The Security Council has included humanitarian crises under the mandate of Chapter VII in at least three crises that are similar to epidemics in terms of the most likely consequences of an epidemic. The study, which examines the Security Council Resolutions 814, 841 and 940 taken at the end of these crises, then examines the Resolutions 1308, 1983 and 2177 taken by the Security Council within the powers of Chapter VII and directly related to pandemics. As a result of these investigations, the study puts forward two main claims. First, the tendency of the international community to view pandemics as a direct threat to international peace and security is not fully established. Secondly, although pandemics have been recognized as a direct threat to international peace and security by a group of states including some permanent members of the Security Council, it is not yet possible to say that there is an international customary law to apply to Chapter VII for the prevention of pandemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemics, UN Charter, Security Council, Chapter VII, Use of Force

Kaynakça

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