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Effects of Dietary Probiotic, Prebiotic and Enzyme Mixture Supplementation on Performance, Carcase, Organs, Ileal pH and Viscosity of Broilers

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 1 - 9, 27.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.469862

Öz

Objective: The experiment was conducted to determine the individual and combined
effects of probiotic, prebiotic and enzyme on performance, carcase, organ,
intestinal pH and viscosity of broilers.

Material and
Methods:
A total of seven hundred
day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were individually weighted and distributed
into 28 floor pens with 25 chicks per pen in from 0 to 42 d of age. Seven
starter and grower diets were formulated to provide a similar nutrient profile
with the exception of using experimental feed additives (1 g per kg) or a
combined addition of these additives (0.5 g+0.5 g per kg). The diets were
supplemented with: no feed additives (control), probiotic, prebiotic, enzyme,
probiotic+prebiotic, probiotic+enzyme mixture, prebiotic+enzyme mixture.

Results: Probiotic, probiotic+prebiotic and probiotic+enzyme supplementation
significantly increased body weights at 42 days (P<0.05). There were no
differences in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, relative weights of the
proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum liver,
pancreas, spleen, heart and bursa of broilers among the treatments during the
experiment (P>0.05). Intestinal pH and viscosity were decreased by adding
feed additives when compared with the control.







Conclusion: The synergistic effects between probiotics, prebiotics and enzymes
should be further investigated, and suitable combinations and levels should be
determined in practice.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hafeez HM, Saleh ESE, Tawfeek SS, Youssef IMI, Abdel-Daim ASA. 2017. Effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic with and without feed restriction on performance, hematological indices and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(5): 672-682.
  • Abdel-Raheem SM, Abd-Allah SM, Hassanein KM. 2012. The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbial ecology and histomorphology of broiler chickens. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6(4): 277-289.
  • Adeola O, Cowieson AJ. 2011. Board-invited review: opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production. Journal of Animal Science 89: 3189-3218. Adil S, Magray SN. 2012. Impact and manipulation of gut microflora in poultry: a review. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 11: 873-877.
  • Afsharmanesh M, Sadaghi B. 2014. Effects of dietary alternatives (probiotic, green tea powder and Kombucha tea) as antimicrobial growth promoters on growth, ileal nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and immune response of broiler chickens. Comparative Clinical Pathology 23(3): 717-724.
  • Alloui MN, Szczurek W, Świątkiewicz S. 2013. The usefulness of prebiotics and probiotics in modern poultry nutrition: review. Annals Animal Science 1: 17-32.
  • Annison G. 1992. Commercial enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets raises ileal glycanase activities and improves apparent metabolisability energy, starch and pentosan digestibilities in broiler chicken. Animal Feed Science and Technologhy 38:105-121.
  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of analysis. 13th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.
  • Bai SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, Lei Y, Bai J, Zhang KY, Chio J.S. 2013. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92:663-670.
  • Baurhoo B, Ferket PR, Zhao X. 2009. Effect of diets containing different concentrations of mannan oligosaccharides or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations and carcass parameter of broilers. Poultry Science 88: 2262-2272.
  • Baurhoo B, Letellier A, Zhao X, Ruiz-Feria, CA. 2007. Cecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli populations after in vivo Escherichia coli challenge in birds fed diets with purified lignin or mannanoligosaccharides. Poultry Science 86:2509-2516.
  • Bedford MR, Morgan AJ. 1996. The use of enzymes in poultry diets. World’s Polutry Science Journal. 52:61-68.
  • Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2012. Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Animal Feed Science and Technology 173: 76-85.
  • Brisbin JT, Gong J, Parvizi P, Sharif S. 2010. Effects of lactobacilli on cytokine expression by chicken spleen and caecal tonsil cells. Clinic Vaccine Immunology 17:1337-1343.
  • Brzóska F, Śliwiński B, Stecka K. 2012. Effect of Lactococcus lactis vs. Lactobacillus Spp. bacteria on chicken body weight, mortality, feed conversion and carcass quality. Annal Animal Science 12:549-559.
  • Cao GT, Zeng XF, Chen AG, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiao YP, Yang CM. 2013. Effects of a probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poultry Science 92(11): 2949-2955.
  • Cencic A, Chingwaru W. 2010. The role of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements in intestinal health. Nutrients 2: 611-625.
  • Das L, Bhaumik, E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. 2012. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. Journal Food Science and Technology 49:173-183.
  • Fajardo P, Pastrana L, Mendez J, Rodriguez I, Fucinos C, Guerra NP. 2012. Effects of feeding of two potentially probiotic preparations from lactic acid bacteria on the perfor-mance and faecal microflora of broiler chickens. Scientific World Journal, Art. No. 562635.
  • Ferreira CL, Salminen S, Grzeskowiak L, Brizuela M, Sanchez L, Carneiro H, Bonnet M. 2011. Terminology concepts of probiotic and prebiotic and their role in human and animal health. Revista De Salud Animal 33: 137-146.
  • Ganguly S. 2013. Supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and acids on immunity in poultry feed: a brief review. World Poultry Science Journal 69:639-648.
  • Ghiyasi M, Rezaei M, Sayyahzadeh H. 2007. Effect of prebiotic (Fermacto) in low protein diet on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science 6: 661-665.
  • Hung AT, Lin SY, Yang TY, Chou CK, Liu HC, Lu JJ, Wang B, Chen SY, Lien TF. 2012. Effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microflora composition in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science 52 (9): 874-879.
  • Huyghebaert G, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. The Veterinary Journal 187:182-188.
  • Islam SS, Akter P, Pal JR, Jain P, Khan MKA. 2010. Effect of different levels of exogenous enzyme supplementation to the diet on broiler performances. Indian Journal of Animal Science 80: 479-480.
  • Józefiak D, Kaczmarek S, Rutkowsk A. 2008. A note on the effects of selected prebiotics on the performance and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 17:392-397.
  • Kabir SML. 2009. The role of probiotics in the poultry industry. International Journal of Molecular Science 10: 3531-3546.
  • Kabir SML, Rahman MM, Rahman MB, Rahman MM, Ahmed SU. 2004. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 361-364.
  • Khaksar V, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, Movasseghian AR, Jamshidi A. 2008. Effect of prebiotic Fermacto on Gut Development and performance of broiler chickens fed diet low in digestible amino acids. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 3:251-257.
  • Khaksefidi A, Rahimi Sh. 2005. Effect of probiotic inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens on performance, feed efficiency and carcass quality. Asian-Austurilasian Journal of Animal Science 18:1153-1156.
  • Khan AS, Khalique A, Pasha TN. 2000. Effect of dietary supplementation of various levels of Fermacto on the performance of broiler chicks. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2:32-33.
  • Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Erkek R, Sevgican F. 1996. The effect of added enzyme in broiler chicks diets based on barley on utilization of nutrients. First National Animal Science Congress Proceedings, February 5-7, Antalya-Turkey, pp. 84-89 (in Turkish, with English abstract).
  • Kim GB, Seo YM, Kim CH, Paik IK. 2011. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poultry Science 90:75-82.
  • Kocher A, Choct M, Porter MD, Broz J. 2002. Effects of feed enzymes on nutritive value of soyabean meal fed to broilers. British Poultry Science 43:54-63.
  • Landy N, Kavyani A. 2013. Effects of using a multi-strain probiotic on performance, immune responses and caecal microflora composition in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress condition. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 3(4): 703-708.
  • Lei X, Piao X, Ru Y, Zhang H, Péron A, Zhang H. 2015. Effect of Bacillus amyloliq-uefaciens-based direct-fed microbial on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphol¬ogy and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 28(2): 239–246.
  • Mamiek B. 1993. Fermacto versus enzymes. Fermacto. Pet. Ag. Inc. ed., Elgin, IL, USA.
  • Meng X, Slominski BA, Nyachoti CM, Campbell LD, Guenter W. 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science 84, 37–47.
  • Mookiah S, Sieo CC, Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Ho YW. 2014. Effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic and symbiotics on performance, caecal bacterial populations and caecal fermentation concentrations of broiler chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agricul¬ture 94(2): 341348.
  • Mountzouris K, Tsitrsikos P, Palamidi I, Arvaniti A, Mohnl M, Schatzmayr G, Fegeros K. 2010. Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth perfor¬mance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poultry Science 89(1): 58–67.
  • Munj CP, Ranade AS, Desai DN, Avari PE, Patil UM, Metakari DV. 2010. Studies on synergistic effects of certain common feed additives on carcass quality, intestinal pH and gut microflora in broilers. Indian Journal Animal Nutrition 27: 93-95.
  • Narasimha J, Nagalakshmi D, Viroji Rao ST, Venkateswarlu Dr M, Ramana Reddy Y. 2015. Synergistic effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and symbiotics on performance, nutrient retention, gut health and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed corn-soybean meal based low energy diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research 49 (5): 631-637.
  • Navidshad B, Adibmoradi M, Pirsaraei ZA. 2010. Effects of dietary supplementation of Aspergillus originated prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed diluted diets. Ital J Anim Sci 9 (e12): 55-60.
  • Olukosi OA, Cowieson AJ, Adeola O. 2007. Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. British Journal of Nutrition 29: 1-9.
  • Omojola AB, Adesehinwa AOK. 2007. Performance and characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded level of roxazyme G. International Journal of Poultry Science 6: 335-339.
  • Owens B, Tucker L, Collins MA, Mc Cracken KJ. 2008. Effects of different feed additives alone or in combination on broiler performance, gut microflora and ileal histology. British Poultry Science 49: 202-212.
  • Park JH, Kim IH. 2014. Supplemental effect of probiotic Bacillus subtilis B2A on productivity, organ weight, intestinal Salmonella microflora, and breast meat quality of growing broiler chicks. Poultry Science 93: 2054–2059.
  • Patterson JA, Burkholder KM. 2003. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science 82: 627-631.
  • Pijsel C. 1996. Is there an interaction between antibiotcs and enyzmes? World Poultry-Misset Volume 12, No 2.
  • Piray AH, Kermanshahi H, 2008. Effects of diet supplementation of Aspergillus Meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on efficiency, Serum lipids and Immunity responses of broiler chickens. Journal of Biological Science. 4:818-821.
  • Piray AH, Kermanshahi H, Tahmasbi AM, Bahrampour J. 2007. Effects of cecal cultures and aspergillus meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on growth performance and organ weights of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 6:340-344.
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  • Spring P, Newman KE, Wenk C, Messikommer R. and Vukic Vranjes, M. 1996. Effect of pelleting temperature on the activity of different enzymes. Poultry Science 75:357-361.
  • Spring, P, Wenk C, Dawson KA, Newman KE. 2000. The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the caeca of Salmonella–challenged broiler chicks. Poultry Science 79:205-211.
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Karma Yeme İlave Edilen Probiyotik, Prebiyotik ve Enzim Karışımının Etlik Piliçlerde Performans, Karkas, Organlar, İleal pH ve Viskozitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 1 - 9, 27.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.469862

Öz

Amaç:
D
eneme, probiyotik, prebiyotik ve
enzimin etlik piliçlerde performans, karkas, organlar, bağırsak pH’ı ve
viskozitesi üzerine tek başına ve kombine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla
yürütülmüştür.

Materyal
ve Metot:
Bir günlük yaşta 700
adet erkek Ross-308 etlik civciv, bireysel olarak tartılmış ve her bölmede 25
civciv olacak şekilde 28 gruba dağıtılarak 0-42. günler arasında
barındırılmıştır. Denemede kullanılan katkı maddeleri dışında benzer besin
madde profiline sahip ve kullanılan yem katkı maddesinin tek başına (1 g/kg)
veya kombine şekilde (0.5 g/kg+0.5 g/kg) ilave edildiği yedi adet başlatma ve
büyütme yemi formülasyonu oluşturulmuştur. Yemler, katkı maddesi içermeyen
(kontrol), prebiyotik, enzim, probiyotik+prebiyotik, probiyotik+enzim ve
prebiyotik+enzim içerecek şekilde hazırlanmıştır.

Bulgular:
Probiyotik, probiyotik+prebiyotik
ve probiyotik+enzim ilavesi 42. gün canlı ağırlığını önemli derecede
artırmıştır (P<0.05). Deneme süresince, gruplar arasında yem tüketimleri,
yemden yararlanma oranları ile bezel mide, taşlık, duedonum, jejunum, ileum,
kalın bağırsak, kör bağırsak, karaciğer, pancreas, dalak, kalp ve bursanın
oransal ağırlıkları bakımından bir farklılık saptanmamıştır (P>0.05). Yem
katkısı ilavesinin bağırsak pH’ı ve viskozitesi üzerine önemli bir etkisi
belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında deneme katkılarının
ilavesi ile bağırsak pH’ı ve viskozitesi azalmıştır.







Sonuç: Probiyotikler, prebiyotikler ve enzimler arasındaki
sinerjik etkiler daha fazla araştırılmalı, pratikte uygun kombinasyonlar ve seviyeler
belirlenmelidir

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Hafeez HM, Saleh ESE, Tawfeek SS, Youssef IMI, Abdel-Daim ASA. 2017. Effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic with and without feed restriction on performance, hematological indices and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(5): 672-682.
  • Abdel-Raheem SM, Abd-Allah SM, Hassanein KM. 2012. The effects of prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbial ecology and histomorphology of broiler chickens. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6(4): 277-289.
  • Adeola O, Cowieson AJ. 2011. Board-invited review: opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production. Journal of Animal Science 89: 3189-3218. Adil S, Magray SN. 2012. Impact and manipulation of gut microflora in poultry: a review. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 11: 873-877.
  • Afsharmanesh M, Sadaghi B. 2014. Effects of dietary alternatives (probiotic, green tea powder and Kombucha tea) as antimicrobial growth promoters on growth, ileal nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and immune response of broiler chickens. Comparative Clinical Pathology 23(3): 717-724.
  • Alloui MN, Szczurek W, Świątkiewicz S. 2013. The usefulness of prebiotics and probiotics in modern poultry nutrition: review. Annals Animal Science 1: 17-32.
  • Annison G. 1992. Commercial enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets raises ileal glycanase activities and improves apparent metabolisability energy, starch and pentosan digestibilities in broiler chicken. Animal Feed Science and Technologhy 38:105-121.
  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of analysis. 13th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.
  • Bai SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, Lei Y, Bai J, Zhang KY, Chio J.S. 2013. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 92:663-670.
  • Baurhoo B, Ferket PR, Zhao X. 2009. Effect of diets containing different concentrations of mannan oligosaccharides or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations and carcass parameter of broilers. Poultry Science 88: 2262-2272.
  • Baurhoo B, Letellier A, Zhao X, Ruiz-Feria, CA. 2007. Cecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli populations after in vivo Escherichia coli challenge in birds fed diets with purified lignin or mannanoligosaccharides. Poultry Science 86:2509-2516.
  • Bedford MR, Morgan AJ. 1996. The use of enzymes in poultry diets. World’s Polutry Science Journal. 52:61-68.
  • Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2012. Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Animal Feed Science and Technology 173: 76-85.
  • Brisbin JT, Gong J, Parvizi P, Sharif S. 2010. Effects of lactobacilli on cytokine expression by chicken spleen and caecal tonsil cells. Clinic Vaccine Immunology 17:1337-1343.
  • Brzóska F, Śliwiński B, Stecka K. 2012. Effect of Lactococcus lactis vs. Lactobacillus Spp. bacteria on chicken body weight, mortality, feed conversion and carcass quality. Annal Animal Science 12:549-559.
  • Cao GT, Zeng XF, Chen AG, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiao YP, Yang CM. 2013. Effects of a probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poultry Science 92(11): 2949-2955.
  • Cencic A, Chingwaru W. 2010. The role of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements in intestinal health. Nutrients 2: 611-625.
  • Das L, Bhaumik, E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. 2012. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. Journal Food Science and Technology 49:173-183.
  • Fajardo P, Pastrana L, Mendez J, Rodriguez I, Fucinos C, Guerra NP. 2012. Effects of feeding of two potentially probiotic preparations from lactic acid bacteria on the perfor-mance and faecal microflora of broiler chickens. Scientific World Journal, Art. No. 562635.
  • Ferreira CL, Salminen S, Grzeskowiak L, Brizuela M, Sanchez L, Carneiro H, Bonnet M. 2011. Terminology concepts of probiotic and prebiotic and their role in human and animal health. Revista De Salud Animal 33: 137-146.
  • Ganguly S. 2013. Supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and acids on immunity in poultry feed: a brief review. World Poultry Science Journal 69:639-648.
  • Ghiyasi M, Rezaei M, Sayyahzadeh H. 2007. Effect of prebiotic (Fermacto) in low protein diet on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science 6: 661-665.
  • Hung AT, Lin SY, Yang TY, Chou CK, Liu HC, Lu JJ, Wang B, Chen SY, Lien TF. 2012. Effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microflora composition in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science 52 (9): 874-879.
  • Huyghebaert G, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. The Veterinary Journal 187:182-188.
  • Islam SS, Akter P, Pal JR, Jain P, Khan MKA. 2010. Effect of different levels of exogenous enzyme supplementation to the diet on broiler performances. Indian Journal of Animal Science 80: 479-480.
  • Józefiak D, Kaczmarek S, Rutkowsk A. 2008. A note on the effects of selected prebiotics on the performance and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 17:392-397.
  • Kabir SML. 2009. The role of probiotics in the poultry industry. International Journal of Molecular Science 10: 3531-3546.
  • Kabir SML, Rahman MM, Rahman MB, Rahman MM, Ahmed SU. 2004. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 361-364.
  • Khaksar V, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, Movasseghian AR, Jamshidi A. 2008. Effect of prebiotic Fermacto on Gut Development and performance of broiler chickens fed diet low in digestible amino acids. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 3:251-257.
  • Khaksefidi A, Rahimi Sh. 2005. Effect of probiotic inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens on performance, feed efficiency and carcass quality. Asian-Austurilasian Journal of Animal Science 18:1153-1156.
  • Khan AS, Khalique A, Pasha TN. 2000. Effect of dietary supplementation of various levels of Fermacto on the performance of broiler chicks. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2:32-33.
  • Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Erkek R, Sevgican F. 1996. The effect of added enzyme in broiler chicks diets based on barley on utilization of nutrients. First National Animal Science Congress Proceedings, February 5-7, Antalya-Turkey, pp. 84-89 (in Turkish, with English abstract).
  • Kim GB, Seo YM, Kim CH, Paik IK. 2011. Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Poultry Science 90:75-82.
  • Kocher A, Choct M, Porter MD, Broz J. 2002. Effects of feed enzymes on nutritive value of soyabean meal fed to broilers. British Poultry Science 43:54-63.
  • Landy N, Kavyani A. 2013. Effects of using a multi-strain probiotic on performance, immune responses and caecal microflora composition in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress condition. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 3(4): 703-708.
  • Lei X, Piao X, Ru Y, Zhang H, Péron A, Zhang H. 2015. Effect of Bacillus amyloliq-uefaciens-based direct-fed microbial on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphol¬ogy and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 28(2): 239–246.
  • Mamiek B. 1993. Fermacto versus enzymes. Fermacto. Pet. Ag. Inc. ed., Elgin, IL, USA.
  • Meng X, Slominski BA, Nyachoti CM, Campbell LD, Guenter W. 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science 84, 37–47.
  • Mookiah S, Sieo CC, Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Ho YW. 2014. Effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic and symbiotics on performance, caecal bacterial populations and caecal fermentation concentrations of broiler chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agricul¬ture 94(2): 341348.
  • Mountzouris K, Tsitrsikos P, Palamidi I, Arvaniti A, Mohnl M, Schatzmayr G, Fegeros K. 2010. Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth perfor¬mance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poultry Science 89(1): 58–67.
  • Munj CP, Ranade AS, Desai DN, Avari PE, Patil UM, Metakari DV. 2010. Studies on synergistic effects of certain common feed additives on carcass quality, intestinal pH and gut microflora in broilers. Indian Journal Animal Nutrition 27: 93-95.
  • Narasimha J, Nagalakshmi D, Viroji Rao ST, Venkateswarlu Dr M, Ramana Reddy Y. 2015. Synergistic effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and symbiotics on performance, nutrient retention, gut health and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed corn-soybean meal based low energy diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research 49 (5): 631-637.
  • Navidshad B, Adibmoradi M, Pirsaraei ZA. 2010. Effects of dietary supplementation of Aspergillus originated prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed diluted diets. Ital J Anim Sci 9 (e12): 55-60.
  • Olukosi OA, Cowieson AJ, Adeola O. 2007. Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. British Journal of Nutrition 29: 1-9.
  • Omojola AB, Adesehinwa AOK. 2007. Performance and characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded level of roxazyme G. International Journal of Poultry Science 6: 335-339.
  • Owens B, Tucker L, Collins MA, Mc Cracken KJ. 2008. Effects of different feed additives alone or in combination on broiler performance, gut microflora and ileal histology. British Poultry Science 49: 202-212.
  • Park JH, Kim IH. 2014. Supplemental effect of probiotic Bacillus subtilis B2A on productivity, organ weight, intestinal Salmonella microflora, and breast meat quality of growing broiler chicks. Poultry Science 93: 2054–2059.
  • Patterson JA, Burkholder KM. 2003. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science 82: 627-631.
  • Pijsel C. 1996. Is there an interaction between antibiotcs and enyzmes? World Poultry-Misset Volume 12, No 2.
  • Piray AH, Kermanshahi H, 2008. Effects of diet supplementation of Aspergillus Meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on efficiency, Serum lipids and Immunity responses of broiler chickens. Journal of Biological Science. 4:818-821.
  • Piray AH, Kermanshahi H, Tahmasbi AM, Bahrampour J. 2007. Effects of cecal cultures and aspergillus meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on growth performance and organ weights of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 6:340-344.
  • Samarasinghe K, Wenk C, Silva KFST, Gunasekera, JMDM. 2003. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) root powder and mannanoligosaccharides as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. Asian-Austuralasian Journal of Animal Science 10:1495-1500.
  • Sarangi NR, Babu LK, Kumar A, Pradhan CR, Pati PK, Mishra JP. 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotic, probiotic, and symbiotic on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens, Veterinary World 9(3): 313-319.
  • Shim Y, Ingale S, Kim J, Kim K, Seo D, Lee S, Chae B, Kwon, I. 2012. A multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low and high drying temperatures: effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and caecal microbiology of broilers. British Poultry Science 53(4): 482-490.
  • Sims MD, Dawson KA, Newman KE, Spring P, Hooge DM. 2004. Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, or both on the live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys. Poultry Science 83:1148–1154.
  • Smits CHM, Annison G. 1996. Nonstarch plant polysaccharides in broiler nutrition-towards a physiologically valid approach to their determination. World’s Poultry Science Journal 52:203–221.
  • Spring P, Newman KE, Wenk C, Messikommer R. and Vukic Vranjes, M. 1996. Effect of pelleting temperature on the activity of different enzymes. Poultry Science 75:357-361.
  • Spring, P, Wenk C, Dawson KA, Newman KE. 2000. The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the caeca of Salmonella–challenged broiler chicks. Poultry Science 79:205-211.
  • SPSS. 1997. Release 8 for Windows. SPSS, Chicago, IL.
  • Tangendjaja B. 1993. Effect of Fermacto upon the utilization of broiler diets containing normal and high levels of rice bran. Fermacto. Pet. Ag. Inc. ed, Elgin, IL, USA.
  • Thorat SG, Panwar VS, Dahiya DS, Tewatia BS. 2015. Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and enzymes as growth promoters on the performance of broiler chicken. Haryana Veterinarian Journal June, 54 (1), 75-78
  • Woyengo TA, Slominski BA, Jones RO. 2010. Growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with phytase alone or in combination with citric acid and multi-carbohydrase. Poultry Science 89: 2221-2229.
  • Xu ZR, Hu CH, Xia MS, Zhan XA, Wang MQ. 2003. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science, 82:1030-1036.
  • Yang Y, Iji PA, Kocher A, Thomson E, Mikkelsen LL, Choct M. 2008. Effects of mannanoligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, energy, energy utilization, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. British Poultry Science 49:186-194.
  • Yusrizal Y, Chen TC. 2003. Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on broiler growth performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal length. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2: 214-219.
  • Zhang Z, Kim I. 2014. Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal microbial shedding, and excreta odor contents in broilers. Poultry Science, 93(2): 364–370.
  • Zhao X, Guo Y, Guo S, Tan J. 2013. Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97(14): 6477-6488.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Figen Kırkpınar

Zümrüt Açıkgöz

Selim Mert

Özgün Işık Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırkpınar, F., Açıkgöz, Z., Mert, S., Işık, Ö. (2018). Effects of Dietary Probiotic, Prebiotic and Enzyme Mixture Supplementation on Performance, Carcase, Organs, Ileal pH and Viscosity of Broilers. Hayvansal Üretim, 59(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.469862


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