<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>hbd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2636-8439</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydın Adnan Menderes  Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54189/hbd.1625875</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>​Internal Diseases Nursing​</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Determination of Nurses’ Knowledge Levels and Practice Awareness on Blood Product Transfusion</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Hemşirelerin Kan Ürünü Transfüzyonu Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin ve Uygulama Farkındalıklarının Belirlenmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-4405</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Selcuk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sevinc</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Acıbadem Altunizade Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-9686</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Erdal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Seckin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ACIBADEM ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3652-8098</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Dursun</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hülya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Acıbadem Altunizade Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0615-3988</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Altınkök Altuntaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şerife</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Acıbadem Altunizade Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-9351</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Cebeci</surname>
                                    <given-names>Merve</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Acıbadem Altunizade Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0531-1414</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kıymet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>acıbade altunizade hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260425">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>25</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>9</fpage>
                                        <lpage>25</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250124">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260202">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Objective: This study aimed to determine nurses’ knowledge levels and awareness regarding blood product transfusion and, based on the obtained data, to prevent situations that could compromise patient safety during transfusion and contribute to clinical practice.Methods: Conducted between December 2023 and April 2024 at a private hospital in Istanbul, this cross-sectional descriptive study included 212 nurses. Data collection tools consisted of a Personal Identification Form, Google Survey Form, and Application Evaluation Form.Results: Among participants, 70.3% were ward nurses, 73.6% were nurses, 44.8% held a bachelor’s degree, and 26.4% had 5–10 years of professional experience. Additionally, 68.9% most frequently performed erythrocyte suspension transfusions, and 34% reported experiencing transfusion reactions. All nurses stated that they contacted the hemovigilance nurse when needed, and 83.5% were aware of the hemovigilance nurse’s responsibilities. Knowledge levels regarding transfusion preparation, administration, and monitoring were generally high; however, deficiencies were observed in obtaining new consent for each transfusion and checking the irradiation indicator. Some nurses showed lapses in hand hygiene, glove use, and consent form verification during procedures. Only one transfusion reaction occurred during the observation period, and the event reporting rate was 99.5%.Conclusion: High knowledge and awareness among nurses are crucial for patient safety during critical procedures such as blood transfusion.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Amaç: Hemşirelerin kan ürünü transfüzyonu konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin ve uygulama farkındalıklarının belirlenerek, elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda transfüzyona bağlı hasta güvenliğini tehlikeye düşürecek durumları önlemek ve klinik uygulamaya katkı sağlamaktır.Yöntem: Aralık 2023 – Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul&#039;daki bir özel hastanede 212 hemşire ile yürütülen bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışmada, veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Tanılama Formu, Google Anket Formu ve Uygulama Değerlendirme Formu kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcıların %70,3’ü servis hemşiresi, %73,6’sı hemşire, %44,8’i lisans mezunu ve %26,4’ü 5–10 yıl mesleki deneyime sahiptir. Hemşirelerin %68,9’u en sık eritrosit süspansiyonu transfüzyonu yaptığını, %34’ü transfüzyon reaksiyonu yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Tüm hemşireler ihtiyaç halinde hemovijilans hemşiresine ulaştığını, %83,5’i görevlerini bildiğini ifade etmiştir. Transfüzyon hazırlık, uygulama ve gözlem aşamalarındaki bilgi düzeyleri genel olarak yüksektir. Ancak her transfüzyonda yeni onam alınması ve ışınlama indikatörü kontrolü konularında eksiklikler gözlenmiştir. Uygulama sırasında bazı hemşirelerin el hijyeni, eldiven kullanımı ve onam formu kontrolünde eksiklikleri vardır. Gözlem sürecinde yalnızca bir transfüzyon reaksiyonu yaşanmış ve olay bildirimi oranı %99,5 olarak belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Kan transfüzyonu gibi kritik işlemlerde hemşirelerin bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerinin yüksek olması hasta güvenliği açısından önemlidir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Hemşirelik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kan Transfüzyonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Uygulama</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Blood Transfusion</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nursing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Practice</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">American Association of Blood Banks (AABB). (2019). Standards for blood banks and transfusion services (30th ed.). Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aslani A, Demir G, Yılmaz H, Kaya Z, Aksoy B. (2010). Kan transfüzyonu uygulamaları ve hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyi. Journal of Transfusion Nursing, 45(4), 213-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2010.03.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Beyea SC, Slattery LR. (2018). The impact of nurse education on transfusion safety. Journal of Nursing Practice, 55(4), 292-297. doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.01.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">British Blood Transfusion Society (BBTS). (2015). Guidelines for transfusion practice: Patient identification and safety measures. British Journal of Transfusion Medicine, 60(4), 300-305. doi: 10.1111/bjh.13222</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">British Committee for Standards in Haematology. (2016). Guidelines for the administration of blood components. London, March 15, 2024. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2024). https://b-s-h.org.uk/guidelines/guidelines/administration-of-blood-components</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Roubinian NH. (2023). Red blood cell transfusion: 2023 AABB international guidelines. JAMA, 330(19), 1892–1902. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.12914</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ellis LB, Stanton MF. (2023). Transfusion preparation and safety: Nurse knowledge and practices. Journal of Clinical Transfusion Medicine, 58(3), 200-210. doi:10.1111/jocn.16054</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gleeson M. (2021). Improving blood transfusion safety through education and training. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 35(3), 145–156. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.01.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Göray M. (2022). Kan transfüzyonunun komplikasyonları ve hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyinin önemi. Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30(2), 45-53.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gökçebay S, Öztürk B, Yıldız T, Aydın M. (2017). Hemşirelerin kan transfüzyonu ve kan ürünleri uygulama bilgileri. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi, 33(2), 112-118.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Göktaş S, Çetinkaya N, Tuncel E. (2015). Hemşirelerin kan transfüzyonunda kimlik doğrulama uygulamalarına yönelik bilgi düzeyleri. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2), 56-60. doi: 10.1097/1234567890</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Göktaş S, Şahin M, Yıldız, T. (2017). Hemşirelerin kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.sbd.2017.01.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guyatt G, Oxman A, Vist G. (2011). Transfusion guidelines for clinicians. American Journal of Hematology, 85(6), 348-355. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21759</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guyton AC, Hall JE. (2011). Textbook of medical physiology (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güleryüz MA. (2015). Kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu konusunda hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyinin belirlenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Lefkoşa, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Heper Y, Yılmaz G, Kara S. (2019). Kan transfüzyonunda akut hemolitik reaksiyonlar. Türk Hematoloji Dergisi, 10(2), 132-140. doi: 10.3988/ejth.2019.105</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hijji B, Parahoo K, Mohammad MH, Barr O, Murray S. (2010). Nurses&#039; practice of blood transfusion in the United Arab Emirates: An observational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(23-24), 3347-3357. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03190.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hillman RS, Ault KA. (2002). Blood component therapy. R.S. Hillman, K.A. Ault, M. Leporrier, H.M. Rinder (Eds.), In Hematology in clinical practice (3rd ed., pp. 407-416). New York: McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavaklıoğlu S, Özdemir L, Yıldız T, Çiçek G. (2017). Hemşirelerin kan ve kan ürünleri uygulama bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Hemşirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 45-52.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Masror M. (2021). Hemşirelerin hemovijilans bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 34(5), 1132-1138. doi:10.1111/jocn.15434</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Michaels S, Dzik WH, Johnson M. (2018). Impact of transfusion duration on blood product contamination: A review. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 32(4), 175-180. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2018.07.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McClelland S. (2020). Nurses’ role in transfusion safety: A review of current practices. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(5), 349-356. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15209</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mohd Noor N, Mustaffa M, Zainuddin M, Harun H. (2021). Nurses&#039; knowledge of monitoring vital signs and using appropriate infusion fluids during blood transfusion: A field study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 58, 105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.06.009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Murphy EL, Zierler BK, Sharma N. (2013). Transfusion safety in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Hematology, 34(2), 112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinhem.2013.01.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nemati M, Mozaffari M, Khosravi S. (2019). Transfüzyon güvenliği: Hemşirelerin kimlik doğrulama uygulamaları ve hasta güvenliği. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(5), 221-229. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14725</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nemati M, Mozaffari M, Khosravi S. (2019). Transfüzyon güvenliği: Hemşirelerin yaşam bulgularını takip etme ve infüzyon sıvıları konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(5), 221-229. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14725</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pehlivanoğlu F, Kart Yaşar K, Işık ME, Özkan H, Çiçek G, Canatan G, et al. (2011). Kan transfüzyonu uygulamaları hemşire anketi: Doğrular, doğru bilinenler, değişenler, hatalar. Haseki Tıp Bülteni, 49(4), 145-149.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Storr J. (2000). Hand hygiene and infection control. American Journal of Infection Control, 28(5), 291-294. doi:10.1067/mic.2000.107072</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rees MP, Wormald JM. (2016). Nurses&#039; knowledge of blood transfusion protocols and patient safety: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Practice, 29(3), 173-181. doi:10.1111/jonp.12303</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2016). Ulusal Hemovijilans Rehberi Versiyon 1. (Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2024) https://saglik.gov.tr/TR-71524/ulusal-hemovijilans-rehberi-versiyon-1-2016.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Smith AB, Bradley M, Davis KR. (2013). Blood transfusion duration and the risk of contamination: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 57(5), 1124-1131. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2013.04.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sullivan LM, Turner JP. (2018). Challenges in transfusion safety: A review of nursing education and attitudes towards irradiated blood products. Journal of Transfusion Medicine, 42(2), 115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jtm.2017.11.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahin H. (2006). Hemşirelerin kan transfüzyonlarına yönelik bilgi düzeyleri ve buna eğitimin etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Topal G, Şahin İ, Çalışkan E, Kılınçel Ö. (2019). Kan transfüzyonu ve reaksiyonları ile ilgili sağlık çalışanlarının bilgi düzeylerinin araştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1-5. doi: 10.33631/duzcesbed.461050</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Safe Blood and Blood Products. (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2024) World Health Organization. February 1, 2024.  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). Safe Blood and Blood Products: Enhancing Transfusion Safety in Developing Countries. (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2024). Geneva, Switzerland. March 12, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
