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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>History Studies</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1309-4688</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1309-4173</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Osman KÖSE</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.9737/historystudies.1343399</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>History of The Republic of Turkiye</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ İLE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ İLİŞKİLERİNDE KRİZ: PANTURANİZM</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>CRISIS IN RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND THE UNITED STATES: PANTURANISM</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-9632</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kıyanç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sinan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20231029">
                    <day>10</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı</issue>
                                        <fpage>155</fpage>
                                        <lpage>174</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230815">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20231006">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009, History Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>History Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışmada ABD’nin Panturanizm’e bakışı ele alınmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son yıllarında dünyadaki Pan hareketlerinin bir yansıması olarak ortaya atılan Panturanizm-Turancılık, Osmanlı Devleti nezdinde kabul görmüştür. Turan ırkının bir araya getirilmesini amaçlayan Panturanizm, İngiltere tarafından Milli Mücadele karşıtlığı için propaganda malzemesi yapılmıştır. ABD’de Türk karşıtlığı üzerinden şekillenen Panturanizm, Ermeni ve Yunan lobilerinin etkisi ile kamuoyunda geniş yer tutmuştur. Milli Mücadele’nin hemen başında Amerikan kamuoyunda Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın bu olgu üzerinden hareket ettiği iddiaları, Milli Mücadele’ye karşı propaganda faaliyetlerinin ne kadar etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Milli Mücadele’nin askeri alanın yanı sıra propagandalara karşı da mücadelesinin bir örneği de Panturanizm hakkında yaşananlardır. Cumhuriyetin ilanının hemen başına kadar varlığını koruyan Panturanizm algısı, yeni devletin bu fikirde olmadığı yönünde açıklamaları ile Amerikan kamuoyunda bu konuda yayınlar nedeniyle gündemden düşmüştür. Çalışmada tarih sınırlandırılmasına gidilerek, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına kadar olan kısım ele alınmaktadır. Panturanizm’in Milli Mücadele ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti aleyhinde nasıl bir propaganda malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı, iki ülke ilişkilerine nasıl etki ettiği ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın bu propagandaya karşı nasıl mücadele ettiği sorularına arşiv kaynakları ve birinci el kaynaklar başta olmak üzere araştırma eserlerinden elde edilen bilgi ve bulgularla cevap verilmektedir. Bir propaganda malzemesi olarak kullanılan ve Amerikan kamuoyunda yer alan Panturanizm’in ülkedeki Türk aleyhtarlığını güçlendiren unsurlardan birisi olduğu bu durumun da iki ülke ilişkilerinde olumsuz bir etkiye neden olduğu savunulmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In this study, the view of the USA on Panturanism (Panturanian) is discussed. Panturanism-Turanism, which was put forward as a reflection of the Pan movements in the world in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, was accepted by the state. Panturanism, which aimed to bring the Turan race together, became a propaganda material for the opposition of the National Struggle by England. Panturanism, which was shaped by anti-Turkish sentiment in the USA, had a wide place in the public opinion with the influence of Armenian and Greek lobbies. The claims that Mustafa Kemal Pasha acted on this fact in the American public at the very beginning of the National Struggle shows how effective the propaganda activities were against the National Struggle. An example of the National Struggle&#039;s struggle against propaganda as well as the military field is what happened about Panturanism. The perception of Panturanism, which existed until the very beginning of the proclamation of the Republic, fell off the agenda due to the statements of the new state that it did not agree with this idea, and publications on this subject in the American public.In the study, by limiting the date, the part up to the first years of the Republic of Turkey is discussed. The questions of how Panturanism was used as a propaganda material against the National Struggle and the Republic of Turkey, how it shaped the relations between the two countries and how Mustafa Kemal Pasha struggled against this propaganda were answered with information and findings obtained from research works, especially archival sources and primary sources. answer is given. It is argued that Panturanism, which is used as a propaganda material and is included in the American public opinion, is one of the factors that strengthens the anti-Turkish sentiment in the country, and this situation has a negative effect on the relations between the two countries.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Panturanizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Milli Mücadele</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Propaganda</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Panturanism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  National Struggle</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Republic of Turkey</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  United States of America</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Propaganda</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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