Investigation of the Interaction of the Tank Structures Exposed to Earthquake with the Soil

Abstract

Liquid storage tanks storing liquids such as gasoline and LNG are very important structures. These structures can be damaged because of the loss of strength that may occur due to external influences. It is known that a considerable amount of damage occurred in tank structures, which are one of the industrial structures, happened during the earthquakes occurred in the past. Determining the behavior of the buildings which are under the effect of an earthquake is very important in order to prevent damage to the building during a possible earthquake. The behavior of structures built on soft soils is considerably different from that of structures constructed on a rigid soil. For this purpose, in this study, a steel tank structure was modeled by considering the different soil profiles. During modelling, an elastic spring method was used for the soil while the finite element method was used for the tank and the basic interaction of the soil and foundation structure which are exposed to earthquake loads were examined. Dynamic analyzes were carried out using the time history method by taking into consideration 11 earthquake records having the different properties. According to the results of the displacement and stress values obtained; It was observed that the values obtained in the earthquakes, whose peak ground acceleration and ground velocity are large, are higher than other earthquakes. It was seen that as the soil resistance increases, the strength of the structure increases during earthquakes.

Keywords

• The structure-soil-interaction
• liquid storage tank structures
• time history analysis
• earthquake
• spring stiffness.

References

1. 1. USGS Circular 1193. Implications for Earthquake Risk Reduction in the United States from the Kocaeli Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999; 2000.
2. 2. Palanci M, Kayhan AH, Demir A. A statistical assessment on global drift ratio demands of mid-rise RC buildings using code-compatible real ground motion records. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 16 (11) (2018) 5453-5488.
3. 3. Yazici G, Cili F. Evaluation of the liquid storage tank failures in the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake. In Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, pp. 12-17, 2008 January.
4. 4. Saatcioglu M, Mitchell D, Tinawi N, Gardner NJ, Gillies AG, Ghobarah A, Anderson, DL, Lau D. The August 17, 1999, Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake - damage to structures. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 28 (2001) 715-737.
5. 5. Kianoush M, Ghaemmaghami A. The effect of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of concrete rectangular liquid tanks using the finite element method incorporating soil-structure interaction. Eng. Struct. 33 (7) (2011) 2186-2200.
6. 6. Chung MA, Larkin TJ. Nonlinear Foundation Response of Liquid Storage Tanks under Seismic Loading. Proceedings of New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Conference. 2008.
7. 7. Kramer SL. Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River; 1996.
8. 8. Veletsos AS, Meek JW. Dynamic behaviour of building foundation systems. Earthq. Eng Struct Dyn. 3 (1974) 121–38.

9. 9. Scarfone R, Morigi M, Conti R. Assessment of dynamic soil-structure interaction effects for tall buildings: A 3D numerical approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 128 (2020) 105864.
10. 10. Mezaini N. Effects of soil-structures interactions on the analysis of cylindrical tanks. ASCE Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction. 11 (1) (2006) 50–57.
11. 11. Bhattacharya K, Dutta SC. Assessing lateral period of building frames incorporating soil-flexibility. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 269 (3-5) (2004) 795-821.
12. 12. Dutta CH, Bhattacharya K, Roy R. Response of low rise buildings under seismic ground excitation incorporating soil structure interaction. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 24 (2004) 893–914.
13. 13. Ghandil M, Behnamfar F. A near-field method for dynamic analysis of structures on soft soils including inelastic soil-structure interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 75 (2015) 1–17.
14. 14. Meng X, Li X, Xu X. Earthquake Response of Cylindrical Storage Tanks on an Elastic Soil. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 7 (2019) 433-444.
15. 15. Dutta S, Mandal A, Dutta SC. Soil–structure interaction in dynamic behavior of elevated tanks with alternate frame staging configurations. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 227 (4-5) (2004) 825- 853.
16. 16. Zhao C, Chen J, Wang J, Yu N, Xu Q. Seismic mitigation performance and optimization design of NPP water tank with internal ring baffles under earthquake loads. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 318 (2017) 182-201.
17. 17. Zhao C, Chen J, Xu Q. FSI effects and seismic performance evaluation of water storage tank of AP1000 subjected to earthquake loading. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 280 (2014) 372-388.
18. 18. Nicolici S, Bilegan RM. Fluid structure interaction modeling of liquid sloshing phenomena in flexible tanks. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 258 (2013) 51-56.
19. 19. Patel CN, Sharma, K, Patel HS. Modeling of Soil-Structure Interaction as Finite Element Using Using SAP2000. 2011.
20. 20. Seleemah, AA, El-Sharkawy M. Seismic analysis and modeling of isolated elevated liquid storage tanks. Earthquake and Structures, 2 (4) (2011) 397-412.
21. 21. Livaoğlu R, Doğangün A. Simplified seismic analysis procedures for elevated tanks considering fluid–structure–soil interaction. Journal of fluids and structures, 22 (3) (2006) 421-439.
22. 22. Livaoglu, R. and Dogangün A. Seismic behaviour of cylindrical elevated tanks with a frame supporting system on various subsoil. Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences 14 (2007) 133-145.
23. 23. Gazetas G. Analysis of machine foundation vibrations: state of the art. International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2 (1) (1983) 2-4.
24. 24. Habibullah and Wilson. SAP 2000 User Manual, Computer Program, Computers and Structures. Berkeley, USA.1998.
25. 25. Roder HM. Liquid Densities of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon and Parahydrogen (Metric Supplement), Cryogenic Division, Institute for Basic Standards (U.S.). National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 361; 1974.
26. 26. Housner GW. The dynamic behavior of water tanks. Bulletin of the seismological society of America, 53 (2) (1963) 381-387.
27. 27. Housner GW. Dynamic pressures on accelerated fluid containers. Bulletin of the seismological society of America, 47 (1) (1957) 15-35.
28. 28. Jacobsen LS. Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 39 (3) (1949) 189-204.
29. 29. TBDY, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği, Ankara,2018.
30. 30. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
31. 31. Akkar S, Yazgan U, Gülkan P. Drift estimates in frame buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions. Journal of Structural Engineering, 131 (7) (2005) 1014-1024.
32. 32. Kayabalı, K. Geoteknik Deprem Mühendisliği, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 2003.
33. 33. Özmen A. Yakın ve uzak fay hareketlerine maruz tarihi yığma bir köprünün sismik performansının değerlendirilmesi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019.