Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications

Burak Sakaci; Deniz Özenli; Hakan Kuntman

doi:10.17350/HJSE19030000375

Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications

Abstract

This study presents a detailed evaluation of two capacitance multiplier conﬁgurations with a focus on noise optimization in second order low pass ﬁlters. The proposed multipliers are based on MO-VDTA (Multi Output Voltage Differencing Transconductance Ampliﬁer) and MO-CDTA (Multi Output Current Differencing Transconductance Ampliﬁer) architectures. In the MO-VDTA based design, the multiplication factor ranges from 120 to 750 (CB= 1pF), controlled by the bias current IB. The designed ﬁlter provides a tunable cut-off frequency ranging from 2 kHz to 12.4 kHz (CB= 1pF). In additon, the MO-CDTA based structure enables the multiplication factor ‘k’ to be adjusted between 400 and 1250 (CB= 2pF) by varying the gate-source voltage (VGS) of an external PMOS transistor connected to the Z terminal. This conﬁguration is used in a low pass ﬁlter with a tunable cut-off frequency between 23.6 kHz and 91 kHz (CB= 2pF), suitable for ultrasound applications. Additionally, this study includes a comprehensive noise analysis of both capacitance multiplier based ﬁlters, demonstrating their effectiveness in low frequency and biomedical signal processing environments.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Authors approve that to the best of their knowledge, there is not any conflict of interest or common interest with an institution/organization or a person that may affect the review process of the paper.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Circuits and Systems

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Burak Sakaci
0009-0003-5803-8482
Türkiye

Deniz Özenli ^*
0000-0002-6381-3629
Türkiye

Hakan Kuntman
0000-0002-1107-5601
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

August 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000375

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA49KE93MT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Sakaci, B., Özenli, D., & Kuntman, H. (2026). Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications. Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, 13(2), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000375

AMA

1.Sakaci B, Özenli D, Kuntman H. Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2026;13(2):87-94. doi:10.17350/HJSE19030000375

Chicago

Sakaci, Burak, Deniz Özenli, and Hakan Kuntman. 2026. “Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications”. Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering 13 (2): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000375.

EndNote

Sakaci B, Özenli D, Kuntman H (June 1, 2026) Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications. Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering 13 2 87–94.

IEEE

[1]B. Sakaci, D. Özenli, and H. Kuntman, “Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications”, Hittite J Sci Eng, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 87–94, June 2026, doi: 10.17350/HJSE19030000375.

ISNAD

Sakaci, Burak - Özenli, Deniz - Kuntman, Hakan. “Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications”. Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering 13/2 (June 1, 2026): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000375.

JAMA

1.Sakaci B, Özenli D, Kuntman H. Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2026;13:87–94.

MLA

Sakaci, Burak, et al. “Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications”. Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 87-94, doi:10.17350/HJSE19030000375.

Vancouver

1.Burak Sakaci, Deniz Özenli, Hakan Kuntman. Single Active Element Based Capacitance Multipliers for Speech Processing and Ultrasound Applications. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2026 Jun. 1;13(2):87-94. doi:10.17350/HJSE19030000375