UV and UV+ Water Effects on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Based Composites

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 177 - 184, 30.06.2023

Sedef Şişmanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000305

Cited By: 1

Öz

The degradation times of composite materials containing petroleum-based polymer matrix are quite long in nature and it causes environmental pollution. Researchers focus on producing alternative composite materials with organic and/or inorganic fillers to reduce degradation times in nature. In addition, the mechanical and chemical properties of polymer matrix composites are affected by heat, light, moisture and surface compatibility between matrix and filler. In the light of this information, many researchers examine the mechanical, thermal, morphological and similar properties of organic and/or inorganic filler composites by using artificial aging processes using one or more of the water, UV and temperature parameters.
In this study, bentonite with surface modification by epoxysilane agent, and bentonite without any surface modification will be added to the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer matrix, which has two different segments, and will be mixed in a twin screw extruder and it will then be shaped by the injection molding process. Artificial aging processes of the obtained composites will be done under UV and UV+water for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The reason for choosing UV and UV+water processes is that UV and water processes have not been applied together at the same time and there is not much knowledge in the literature on this subject. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of composites were investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

TPU, Bentonite, Artificial aging, Silanization, Composite

Destekleyen Kurum

Karabük Üniversitesi BAP

Proje Numarası

KBÜBAP-22-DS-103

Teşekkür

This work was supported by Research Fund of the Karabuk University. Project Number: KBÜBAP-22-DS-103. I would like to thank Karabuk University BAP Coordinator for their financial support.

Kaynakça

• 1. Faruk O, Bledzki AK, Fink H P, Sain M. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000-2010. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37(11) (2012) 1552–1596.
• 2. Sismanoglu S. Termoplastik Poliüretan Matrisli Ekokompozitlerin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu. PhD Thesis. Karabük Üniversitesi. Karabuk, Turkey. (2020).
• 3. Taşdemir M. Isıl Yaşlandırmanın Yüksek Yoğunluklu Polietilen (HDPE) /Fındık Kabuğu (FK) Polimer Kompozitinin Fiziksel ve Aşınma Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Pure Sci. 33(2) (2021) 329–336.
• 4. Alekseeva OV, Rodionova AN, Bagrovskaya NA, Noskov AV, Agafonov AV. Bentonite filler effect on structure and properties of polystyrene-based composites. Iran. Polym. J. 28(2) (2019) 123–133.
• 5. Choi J, Moon DS, Jang JU, Bin Yin W, Lee B, Lee KJ. Synthesis of highly functionalized thermoplastic polyurethanes and their potential applications. Polymer (Guildf). 116 (2017) 287–294.
• 6. Naderizadeh S, Athanassiou A, Bayer IS. Interfacing superhydrophobic silica nanoparticle films with graphene and thermoplastic polyurethane for wear/abrasion resistance. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 519 (2018) 285–295.
• 7. Othman N, Ismail H, Mariatti M. Effect of compatibilisers on mechanical and thermal properties of bentonite filled polypropylene composites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91(8) (2006) 1761–1774.
• 8. Boubakri A, Haddar N, Elleuch K, Bienvenu Y. Impact of aging conditions on mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane. Mater. Des. 31(9) (2010) 4194–4201.
• 9. Allie L, Aglan H, Calhoun M. Effect of UV and hygrothermal aging on the mechanical performance of polyurethane elastomers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 108 (2008) 558–564.
• 10. Ayedi HF, Boubakri A, Elleuch K, Guermazi N. Investigations on hygrothermal aging of thermoplastic polyurethane material. Mater. Des. 30 (2009) 3958–3965.
• 11. Ayedi HF, Guermazi N, Elleuch K. The effect of time and aging temperature on structural and mechanical properties of pipeline coating. Mater. Des. 30 (2009) 2006–2010.
• 12. Elleithy R, Mourad A-HI, Fouad H. Impact of some environmental conditions on the tensile, creep-recovery, relaxation, melting and crystallinity behaviour of UHMWPE GUR 410-medical grade. Mater. Des. 30 (2009) 4112–4119.
• 13. Shanahan MR, De’Nève B. Water absorption by an epoxy resin and its effect on the mechanical properties and infra-red spectra. Polymer (Guildf). 34 (1993) 5099–5105.
• 14. Kapsa Ph, Guermazi N, Elleuch K, Ayedi HF. Aging effect on thermal, mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric coatings used for pipeline application. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 203 (2008) 404–410.
• 15. Wang ZP, Lin YC, Chen Xu, Zhang HJ. Effects of hygrothermal aging on epoxybased anisotropic conductive film. Mater. Lett. 60 (2006) 2958–2963.
• 16. Yi D, Weibin G, Shimin H, Minjiao Y, Long J. The effects of hydrothermal aging on properties and structure of bisphenol A polycarbonate. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 94 (2009) 13–17.
• 17. d’Lima W, d’Almeida JRM, d’Almeida RC. Effect of water absorption of the mechanical behavior of fibreglass pipes used for offshore service waters. Compos. Struct. 83 (2008) 221–225.
• 18. Evrard G, Davies P. Accelerated ageing of polyurethanes for marine applications. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 (2007) 1455–1464.
• 19. Laurent J-L, Hollande S. Weight loss during different weathering tests of industrial thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane-coated fabrics. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 62 (1998) 501–505.
• 20. Calhoun M, Ludwick A, Aglan H, Abdalla MO. Degradation behavior of an ultraviolet and hygrothermally aged polyurethane elastomer: Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110 (2008) 712–718.
• 21. Karger-Kocsis J, Mohd Ishak ZA, Ishiaku US. Hygrothermal aging and fracture behaviour of short-glass–fiber-reinforced rubbertoughened poly(butylenes terephthalate) composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 60 (2000) 803–815.
• 22. Migliaresi C, Pegoretti A. Effect of hydrothermal aging on the thermomechanical properties of a composite dental prosthetic material. Polym. Compos. 23 (2002) 342–351.
• 23. Li QN, Zhou R, Lu DH, Jiang YH. Mechanical properties and erosion wear resistance of polyurethane matrix composites. Wear. 259 (2005) 676–683.
• 24. Kim HY, Chen Y, Davalos JF, Ray I. Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of durability performance of FRP reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Compos. Struct. 78 (2007) 101–111.
• 25. Senawi R, Mohd Ishak ZA, Ariffin A. Effects of hygrothermal aging and a silane coupling agent on the tensile properties of injection molded short glass fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) composites. Eur. Polym. J. 37 (2001) 1635–1647.
• 26. Nutt SR, Tsai YI, Bosze EJ, Barjasteh E. Influence of hygrothermal environment on thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/fiberglass hybrid composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (2009) 432–437.
• 27. Han KY, Wan YZ, Wang YL, Huang Y, He BM. Hygrothermal aging behaviour of VARTMed three-dimensional braided carbon–epoxy composites under external stresses. Compos. Part A. 36 (2005) 1102–1109.
• 28. Chen GC, Wan YZ, Wang YL, Huang Y, Luo HL, He F. Moisture absorption in a three-dimensional braided carbon/Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composite for orthopaedic usage and its influence on mechanical performance. Compos. Part A. 37 (2006) 1480–1484.
• 29. Sismanoglu S, Tayfun U, Kanbur Y. Effect of alkali and silane surface treatments on the mechanical and physical behaviors of date palm seed-filled thermoplastic polyurethane eco-composites. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 35(4) (2022) 487-502.
• 30. Sismanoglu S, Tayfun U, Popescu CM, Kanbur Y. Effective use of olive pulp as biomass additive for eco-grade TPU-based composites using functional surface modifiers. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01987-9.
• 31. Kaplan Can H, Şahin Ö. Design, synthesis and characterization of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran containing copolymer/clay nanocomposites. J. Macromol. Sci. Part A Pure Appl. Chem. 52(6) (2015) 465–475.
• 32. Maity P, Kasisomayajula SV, Parameswaran V, Basu S, Gupta N. Improvement in surface degradation properties of polymer composites due to pre-processed nanometric alumina fillers. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 15(1) (2008) 63–72.
• 33. Alshangiti DM, Ghobashy MM, Alkhursani SA, Shokr FS, Al- Gahtany SA, Madani MM. Semi-permeable membrane fabricated from organoclay/PS/EVA irradiated by X-rays for water purification from dyes. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8(6) (2019) 6134–6145.
• 34. Chattopadhyay DK, Webster DC. Thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes. Prog. Polym. Sci. 34(10) (2009) 1068– 1133.
• 35. Lee HK, Ko SW. Structure and thermal properties of polyether polyurethaneurea elastomers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 50(7) (1999) 1269–1280.
• 36. Dike AS, Tayfun U, Dogan M. Influence of zinc borate on flame retardant and thermal properties of polyurethane elastomer composites containing huntite&hydromagnesite mineral. Fire Mater. 41(7) (2017) 890–897.
• 37. Makhoukhi B, Villemin D, Didi MA. Preparation, characterization and thermal stability of bentonite modified with bis-imidazolium salts. Mater. Chem. Phys. 138(1) (2013) 199–203.
• 38. Ayedi HF, Boubakri A, Guermazi N, Elleuch K. Study of UV-aging of thermoplastic polyurethane material. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 527 (2010) 1649–1654.
• 39. Kuram E. Polimerik Malzemelerin Hızlandırılmış Yaşlandırma ve Atmosferik Etkiler Altında Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi ve Yaşlandırılmış Polimerik Malzemelerin Mekanik Özelliklerinin İyileştirilmesi. TÜBİTAK 1001-Proje No 116M25. (2020) 1–609.
• 40. Tidjani A. Photooxidation of polypropylene under natural and accelerated weathering conditions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64(13) (1997) 2497–2503.
• 41. Oprea S, Potolinca VO. Mechanical behavior during different weathering tests of the polyurethane and elastomers films. Eur. Polym. J. 38 (2002) 1205–1210.
• 42. Claude B, Gonon L, Duchet J, Verney V, Gardette JL. Surface crosslinking of polycarbonate under irradiation at long wavelengths. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 83(2) (2004) 237–240.
• 43. Zajac W, Subocz LS, Michalski JJ. Changes in theThermoluminescence of Epoxy Resin Aged by UV Radiation. Polym.Degradat. Stabil. 24 (1989) 335–339.
• 44. Streltsova ZO, Zamotaev PV. Thermo-oxidative stabilization of photochemically crosslinked polyethylene. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 36 (1992) 267–274.
• 45. Morel M, Baba M, Nedelec JM, Lacoste J, Gardette JL. Decrosslinkable Polymer Network: Characterizable Crosslinked Polystyrene Prepared by Radical Coupling Polymerization. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 80 (2003) 305–313.
• 46. Tomer NS, Delor-Jestin F, Singh RP, Lacoste J. Cross-linking assessment after accelerated ageing of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92(3) (2007) 457–463.
• 47. Chen Y, Zhang J. Accelerated aging behavior of aircraft structural composite. Sci. Technol. Eng. 8(23) (2008) 6338–6342.
• 48. Zhao Y, Guo M. Study on hygrothermal ageing mechanisms of aerospace structural composites. Aerosp. Mater. Technol. 4 (2002) 51–54.