<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>hkmojjd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-1339</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-8519</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.9733/JGG.2026R0007.T</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Photogrametry</subject>
                                                            <subject>Navigation and Position Fixing</subject>
                                                            <subject>Satellite-Based Positioning</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Fotogrametri</subject>
                                                            <subject>Navigasyon ve Konum Sabitleme</subject>
                                                            <subject>Uydu Tabanlı Konumlama</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Gösteri amaçlı sürü İHA sistemi uygulaması ve uçuş performans analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Implementation of a swarm drone light show system and flight performance analysis</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-9976</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gurturk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mert</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260408">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>08</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>13</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>141</fpage>
                                        <lpage>156</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260204">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260309">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de geliştirilen gösteri amaçlı bir sürü insansız hava aracı (İHA) sisteminin saha koşullarında uygulanmasını ve uçuş kayıtlarına dayalı performans değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Blender aracılığıyla ok, daire, üçlü daire ve sinüzoidal hareketlerden oluşan yaklaşık 5 dakikalık bir ışık gösterisi koreografisi tasarlanmış ve 19 adet döner kanatlı İHA ile gerçek ortamda icra edilmiştir. Çalışmada; koreografi oluşturma, güzergah üretimi, görev paketleme ve İHA’lara aktarım, saha yerleşimi ve canlı icra adımlarını içeren uçtan uca operasyon süreci sistematik biçimde dokümante edilmiştir. Uçuş kayıtlarından GNSS/RTK çözüm sürekliliği, enerji tüketimi, atalet ölçüm birimi (IMU) titreşim düzeyleri ve uçuş tutumu (roll–pitch–yaw) takip hataları çıkarılmıştır. Bulgular, konumlandırma performansının genel olarak yüksek kararlılıkta sürdürüldüğünü göstermiş; RTK sabit çözüm oranı çoğu İHA’da %100 düzeyinde gerçekleşmiş (HDOP medyanı 0.54–0.58; uydu sayısı medyanı 31–32) ve yalnızca iki İHA’da toplam 2.8 s ile sınırlı kısa süreli RTK kesintisi gözlenmiştir. IMU titreşim seviyeleri X: 5.72–11.96 m/s², Y: 4.27–15.36 m/s² ve Z: 3.26–14.70 m/s² aralığında olup mekanik stabilitenin yönetilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, görsel olarak başarılı görünen bir gösteri, RTK sürekliliği, titreşim artışları veya kontrol sapmaları gibi kısa süreli performans bozulmalarını maskeleyebileceğinden, her uçuş sonrası log tabanlı değerlendirme operasyonel güvenilirlik açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study presents the real-world implementation of a swarm drone light show system developed in Türkiye and a flight-log-based performance assessment. Using Blender, an approximately 5-minute light-show choreography consisting of arrow, circle, triple-circle, and sinusoidal motion sequences was designed and executed in a real environment with 19 multicopter drones. The study systematically documents the end-to-end operational workflow, including choreography creation, trajectory/flight path generation, mission packaging and uploading to the drones, site setup, and live execution. From the flight logs, GNSS/RTK solution continuity, energy consumption, inertial measurement unit (IMU) vibration levels, and attitude (roll–pitch–yaw) tracking errors were derived. The results indicate that positioning performance remained highly stable overall; the RTK fixed-solution ratio reached 100% for most drones (median HDOP: 0.54–0.58; median number of satellites: 31–32), and only two drones exhibited short RTK interruptions limited to a total of 2.8 s. IMU vibration levels ranged from 5.72 to 11.96 m/s² on the X-axis, 4.27 to 15.36 m/s² on the Y-axis, and 3.26 to 14.70 m/s² on the Z-axis, indicating that mechanical stability was maintained at a manageable level. In conclusion, a visually successful show may mask short-term performance degradations such as RTK continuity losses, vibration increases, or control deviations; therefore, post-flight log-based evaluation is critical for operational reliability.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sürü İHA</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İHA ışık gösterisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  GNSS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  RTK</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Swarm drone</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Drone light show</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  GNSS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  RTK</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alqudsi, Y., &amp; Makaracı, M. (2025). UAV swarms: research, challenges, and future directions. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 72(1), 12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Daud, S. M. S. M., Yusof, M. Y. P. M., Heo, C. C., Khoo, L. S., Singh, M. K. C., Mahmood, M. S., &amp; Nawawi, H. (2022). Applications of drone in disaster management: A scoping review. Science &amp; Justice, 62(1), 30-42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guebsi, R., Mami, S., &amp; Chokmani, K. (2024). Drones in precision agriculture: A comprehensive review of applications, technologies, and challenges. Drones, 8(11), 686.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hirsch, A. J. (2019). Creating the future: A brief history of Ars Electronica 1979-2019. Berlin: Hatje Cantz Verlag.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang, J., Tian, G., Zhang, J., &amp; Chen, Y. (2021). On unmanned aerial vehicles light show systems: Algorithms, software and hardware. Applied Sciences, 11(16), 7687.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kartal, M. R., Ignatyev, D., &amp; Zolotas, A. (2025). Comprehensive review of agriculture spraying UAVs challenges and advances: modelling and control. The Aeronautical Journal, 129, 2589,2879.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keerthinathan, P., Amarasingam, N., Hamilton, G., &amp; Gonzalez, F. (2023). Exploring unmanned aerial systems operations in wildfire management: Data types, processing algorithms and navigation. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 44(18), 5628-5685.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lanteigne, A., Kibru, E., Azam, S., &amp; Al Shammary, S. (2017). Design of a drone lead-follow control system. 2017 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium, 162-167.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mohsan, S. A. H., Khan, M. A., Noor, F., Ullah, I., &amp; Alsharif, M. H. (2022). Towards the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): A comprehensive review. Drones, 6(6), 147.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">O&#039;Malley, J. (2021). There&#039;s no business like drone business [drone light shows]. Engineering &amp; Technology, 16(4), 72-79.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Phadke, A., &amp; Medrano, F. A. (2023). Examining application-specific resiliency implementations in UAV swarm scenarios. Intelligence &amp; Robotics, 3(3), 453-478.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sezgin, A., &amp; Boyacı, A. (2024). Advancements in object detection for unmanned aerial vehicles: Applications, challenges, and future perspectives. 2024 12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security, 1-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-1: Austin, P. L. A Record-Breaking Drone Show Ended With Quadcopters Falling from the Sky. https://gizmodo.com/a-record-breaking-drone-show-ended-with-quadcopters-fal-1825745673, (Erişim Tarihi: 3 Mayıs 2018).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-2: Guinness Dünya Rekorları. (2024, Ekim 3). A dazzling display: China’s record-breaking drone spectacle with over 10,000 drones. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/commercial/2024/10/a-dazzling-display-chinas-record-breaking-drone-spectacle-with-over-10000-drones, (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-3: SNS Insider. Drone Light Show Market Report. https://www.snsinsider.com/reports/drone-light-show-market-8099/segmentation, (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-4: Blender Foundation. Blender (Versiyon 4.x). https://www.blender.org, (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-5: Skybrush Suite – Open-source Drone Show Software. https://skybrush.io, (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-6: SKYART Drone Show. https://www.skyartdroneshow.com/,  (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">URL-7: ArduPilot. Diagnosing some common problems using logs. https://ardupilot.org/dev/docs/common-diagnosing-problems-using-logs.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 23 Ocak 2026).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
