Research Article
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Year 2022, , 102 - 106, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1196865

Abstract

References

  • Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C.A., & Argenta, L.C. (2011). Yield and fruit quality of “Gala” and “Fuji” apple trees protected by white anti-hail net. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(1): 79–85.
  • Bergmann, W. (1992). Nutritional Disorders of Plants: Development, Visual and Analytical Diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Cui, H.Y., Jin, L.B., Li, B., Dong, S.T., Liu, P., Zhao, B., & Zhang, J.W. (2014). Effects of shading on endogenous hormones regulation in kernel development of summer maize in the field. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology, 25(5):1373–1379.
  • Dennis, F.G. (2000). The history of fruit thinning. Plant Growth Regulation, 31(1–2):1–16.
  • Gao, J., Liu, Z., Zhao, B., Dong, S., Liu, P., & Zhang, J. (2020). Shade stress decreased maize grain yield, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 112(4):2768–2776.
  • Hoying, S., Fargione, M., & Iungerman, K. (2004). Diagnosing apple tree nutritional status: leaf analysis interpretation and deficiency symptoms. New York Fruit Quarterly, 12(1):16–19.
  • Kacar, B., & İnal, A. (2010). Bitki Analizleri (Second edi). Nobel Yayın (in Turkish).
  • Leite, G. B., Petri, J. L., & Mondardo, M. (2002). Effects of net shield against hailstorm on feature of apples production. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 24(3):714–716.
  • Middleton, S., & McWaters, A. (2002). Hail netting of apple orchards-Australian experience. The Compact Fruit Tree, 35(2):51–55.
  • Montanaro, G., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C., & Celano, G. (2006). Light influences transpiration and calcium accumulation in fruit of kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa var . deliciosa). Plant Science, 170(3): 520–527.
  • Piskolczi, M., Varga, C., & Racskó, J. (2004). A review of the meteorological causes of sunburn injury on the surface of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12(Special ed.):245–252.
  • Raven, P.H., & Johnson, G.B. (1999). Biology (4th Editio). McGraw-Hill.
  • Reay, P.F. (1999). The role of low temperatures in the development of the red blush on apple fruit ('Granny Smith’). Scientia Horticulturae, 79(1–2):113–119.
  • Rietra, R.P.J.J., Heinen, M., Dimkpa, C.O., & Bindraban, P.S. (2017). Effects of nutrient antagonism and synergism on yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(16):1895–1920.
  • Robinson, T.L. (2007). Recent advances and future directions in orchard planting systems. Acta Horticulturae, 732:367–381.
  • Rom, C. R. (1991). Light thresholds for apple tree canopy growth and development. HortScience, 26(8):989–992.
  • Rosati, A., Esparza, G., Jong, T.M.D.E., & Pearcy, R.W. (1999). Influence of canopy light environment and nitrogen availability on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of field-grown nectarine trees. Tree Physiology, 19:173–180.
  • Ryan, J., Estafan, G., & Rashid, A. (2001). Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual (Second). ICARDA.
  • Shahak, Y., Gussakovsky, E. E., Cohen, Y., Lurie, S., Stern, R., Kfir, S., Naor, A., Atzmon, I., Doron, I., & Greenblat-Avron, Y. (2004). Colornets: A new approach for light manipulation ın fruit trees. Acta Horticulturae, 636: 609–616.
  • Smit, A. (2007). Apple tree and fruit responses to shade netting (Issue March) [University of Stellenbosch, South Africa].
  • Stampar, F., Hudina, M., Usenik, V., Sturm, K., & Zadravec, P. (2001). Influence of black and white nets on photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.). Acta Horticulturae, 557:357–362.
  • Stiles, W.C. (1994). Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium and Sulfur Soil Management. In A. B. Peterson & R. G. Stevens (Eds.), Tree Fruit Nutrition (pp. 63–70). Good Fruit Grower.
  • Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2006). Secondary Metabolites and Plant Defense. In L. Taiz & E. Zeiger (Eds.), Plant Physiology (pp. 283–308). Sinauer Associates, Inc.
  • Tustin, S. (2005). Understanding the Basic Principles of Crop Physiology-the Key to Making an Orchard System Work. The Compact Fruit Tree, 36(Special Issue): 7–8.
  • Uçgun, K., Akgül, H., Altındal, M., & Butar, S. (2013). Effect of excessive potassium in soil on mineral uptake of sweet cherry trees. Soil Water Journal, 2(1):793–798.
  • Wünsche, J. N., Bonn, U., Hügel, A., Lenz, F., Bonn, U., & Hügel, A. (1996). The bases of productivity in apple production systems : The role of light ınterception by different shoot types. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 121(5):886–893.
  • Zhao, D., & Oosterhuis, D. M. (1998). Influence of shade on mineral nutrient status of field-grown cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21(8):1681–1695.

Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees

Year 2022, , 102 - 106, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1196865

Abstract

Protective nets are commonly used in orchards to prevent hail damage and sunburns. However, these nets partially prevent sunlight exposure of the trees. Sunlight directly influences plant physiology. In present study, the effects of reduced sunlight on mineral nutrition of trees were investigated. Experimental orchard had protective nets with different shading ratios (0, 32, 42 and 56%) for 7 years. In 8, 9 and 10th year of the orchard, to reveal relationships of protective nets and mineral nutrition, apple trees were sampled from part of leaves, bud, and flower and subjected to mineral analyses. Leaf nutrients were all influenced by light intensity and increasing N, K, Fe, Cu, Mn and B levels were observed with increasing shading ratios. In fruit buds, shading treatments all had more Ca, Fe and Cu concentrations. In flower samples, only P and Mg were found to be significant and the lowest values were obtained from the greatest shading ratio. Nutrient ratios were assessed for each sample group and only the leaf nutrient ratios were found to be significant. It was observed when the common ratios (N:K and K:Mg) were assessed that the greatest N:K ratio was obtained from the control treatment and the other treatments were placed into the same group; the lowest K:Mg ratio was obtained from the control treatment and the other treatments were placed into the same group. It couldn’t be detected any relationships between decreasing yield, morphological traits and reduced sunlight with nutrient contents based on concentrations under experiment conditions.

References

  • Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C.A., & Argenta, L.C. (2011). Yield and fruit quality of “Gala” and “Fuji” apple trees protected by white anti-hail net. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(1): 79–85.
  • Bergmann, W. (1992). Nutritional Disorders of Plants: Development, Visual and Analytical Diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Cui, H.Y., Jin, L.B., Li, B., Dong, S.T., Liu, P., Zhao, B., & Zhang, J.W. (2014). Effects of shading on endogenous hormones regulation in kernel development of summer maize in the field. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology, 25(5):1373–1379.
  • Dennis, F.G. (2000). The history of fruit thinning. Plant Growth Regulation, 31(1–2):1–16.
  • Gao, J., Liu, Z., Zhao, B., Dong, S., Liu, P., & Zhang, J. (2020). Shade stress decreased maize grain yield, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation. Agronomy Journal, 112(4):2768–2776.
  • Hoying, S., Fargione, M., & Iungerman, K. (2004). Diagnosing apple tree nutritional status: leaf analysis interpretation and deficiency symptoms. New York Fruit Quarterly, 12(1):16–19.
  • Kacar, B., & İnal, A. (2010). Bitki Analizleri (Second edi). Nobel Yayın (in Turkish).
  • Leite, G. B., Petri, J. L., & Mondardo, M. (2002). Effects of net shield against hailstorm on feature of apples production. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 24(3):714–716.
  • Middleton, S., & McWaters, A. (2002). Hail netting of apple orchards-Australian experience. The Compact Fruit Tree, 35(2):51–55.
  • Montanaro, G., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C., & Celano, G. (2006). Light influences transpiration and calcium accumulation in fruit of kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa var . deliciosa). Plant Science, 170(3): 520–527.
  • Piskolczi, M., Varga, C., & Racskó, J. (2004). A review of the meteorological causes of sunburn injury on the surface of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12(Special ed.):245–252.
  • Raven, P.H., & Johnson, G.B. (1999). Biology (4th Editio). McGraw-Hill.
  • Reay, P.F. (1999). The role of low temperatures in the development of the red blush on apple fruit ('Granny Smith’). Scientia Horticulturae, 79(1–2):113–119.
  • Rietra, R.P.J.J., Heinen, M., Dimkpa, C.O., & Bindraban, P.S. (2017). Effects of nutrient antagonism and synergism on yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(16):1895–1920.
  • Robinson, T.L. (2007). Recent advances and future directions in orchard planting systems. Acta Horticulturae, 732:367–381.
  • Rom, C. R. (1991). Light thresholds for apple tree canopy growth and development. HortScience, 26(8):989–992.
  • Rosati, A., Esparza, G., Jong, T.M.D.E., & Pearcy, R.W. (1999). Influence of canopy light environment and nitrogen availability on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of field-grown nectarine trees. Tree Physiology, 19:173–180.
  • Ryan, J., Estafan, G., & Rashid, A. (2001). Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual (Second). ICARDA.
  • Shahak, Y., Gussakovsky, E. E., Cohen, Y., Lurie, S., Stern, R., Kfir, S., Naor, A., Atzmon, I., Doron, I., & Greenblat-Avron, Y. (2004). Colornets: A new approach for light manipulation ın fruit trees. Acta Horticulturae, 636: 609–616.
  • Smit, A. (2007). Apple tree and fruit responses to shade netting (Issue March) [University of Stellenbosch, South Africa].
  • Stampar, F., Hudina, M., Usenik, V., Sturm, K., & Zadravec, P. (2001). Influence of black and white nets on photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus Domestica Borkh.). Acta Horticulturae, 557:357–362.
  • Stiles, W.C. (1994). Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium and Sulfur Soil Management. In A. B. Peterson & R. G. Stevens (Eds.), Tree Fruit Nutrition (pp. 63–70). Good Fruit Grower.
  • Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2006). Secondary Metabolites and Plant Defense. In L. Taiz & E. Zeiger (Eds.), Plant Physiology (pp. 283–308). Sinauer Associates, Inc.
  • Tustin, S. (2005). Understanding the Basic Principles of Crop Physiology-the Key to Making an Orchard System Work. The Compact Fruit Tree, 36(Special Issue): 7–8.
  • Uçgun, K., Akgül, H., Altındal, M., & Butar, S. (2013). Effect of excessive potassium in soil on mineral uptake of sweet cherry trees. Soil Water Journal, 2(1):793–798.
  • Wünsche, J. N., Bonn, U., Hügel, A., Lenz, F., Bonn, U., & Hügel, A. (1996). The bases of productivity in apple production systems : The role of light ınterception by different shoot types. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 121(5):886–893.
  • Zhao, D., & Oosterhuis, D. M. (1998). Influence of shade on mineral nutrient status of field-grown cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21(8):1681–1695.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Kadir Uçgun This is me 0000-0003-1085-8783

Gökhan Öztürk This is me 0000-0002-8994-6550

Masut Altındal This is me 0000-0002-0332-6677

Publication Date December 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Uçgun, K., Öztürk, G., & Altındal, M. (2022). Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees. Horticultural Studies, 39(3), 102-106. https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1196865
AMA Uçgun K, Öztürk G, Altındal M. Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees. HortiS. December 2022;39(3):102-106. doi:10.16882/hortis.1196865
Chicago Uçgun, Kadir, Gökhan Öztürk, and Masut Altındal. “Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits With Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees”. Horticultural Studies 39, no. 3 (December 2022): 102-6. https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1196865.
EndNote Uçgun K, Öztürk G, Altındal M (December 1, 2022) Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees. Horticultural Studies 39 3 102–106.
IEEE K. Uçgun, G. Öztürk, and M. Altındal, “Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees”, HortiS, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 102–106, 2022, doi: 10.16882/hortis.1196865.
ISNAD Uçgun, Kadir et al. “Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits With Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees”. Horticultural Studies 39/3 (December 2022), 102-106. https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.1196865.
JAMA Uçgun K, Öztürk G, Altındal M. Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees. HortiS. 2022;39:102–106.
MLA Uçgun, Kadir et al. “Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits With Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees”. Horticultural Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, 2022, pp. 102-6, doi:10.16882/hortis.1196865.
Vancouver Uçgun K, Öztürk G, Altındal M. Relationships of Shading-Induced Reductions in Yield and Morphological Traits with Mineral Nutrition of Apple Trees. HortiS. 2022;39(3):102-6.