Determination of Shelf-Life of New Satsuma (Rize) Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Cultivar Candidates Obtained by Clonal Selection

Abstract

Satsuma (Rize) Mandarin is Türkiye's most widely produced and exported mandarin variety. Due to its early ripeness and seedlessness, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a popular citrus fruit in domestic and foreign markets. The present study was conducted at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture in 2020-2021 to determine the shelf-life of Satsuma mandarin genotypes obtained as a result of clonal selection carried out in Rize province and its districts. The harvested mandarin variety candidates were pomologically analyzed and stored in an environment containing at 15°C ± 1 temperature and 55-60% humidity. The changes in fruit weight (g), fruit juice content (%), rind thickness (mm), total soluble solid (%, TSS), and titratable acid (%, TA) content were examined at one-week intervals during the storage period. It was determined that weight loss (%) and TSS (%) increased steadily, while fruit juice content (%), rind thickness (mm), and titratable acid (%) decreased steadily during storage in all genotypes and control. Also, the differences detected in terms of the properties examined were lower on 7 and 14 days than the initial value, whereas they were higher on 21 days. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the quality losses of mandarin genotypes showed differences during the shelf-life, but they could be stored for 14 days without much loss in quality.

Keywords

• Breeding
• Citrus unshiu Marc.
• Quality
• Rize
• Storage

References

1. Akbulut, M., Yazıcı, K., Karataş, A., Bakoğlu, N., Göksu, B., & Büyükdinç, D.T. (2017). The Storage Status of Horticultural Products in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Fruit Science, 1:25-27.
2. Altuntaş, E., Kaya, C., Yıldız, M., & Tekelioğlu, O. (2009). Determination of physico-mechanical properties of Amasya and Granny Smith apple cultivars during shelf life periods. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2(2):7-13.
3. Bisen, A., Pandey, S.K., & Patel, N. (2012). Effect of skin coatings on prolonging shelf life of kagzi lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49:753-759.
4. Brasil, I.M., & Siddiqu, M. (2018). Postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables: An overview. Preharvest Modulation of Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Quality, 1:1-40.
5. Camilla de, A.P., Evandro, H.S., Mariangela C-Y., Marcos, A.M., & Fernando, A de A. (2016). Fremont mandarin: Fruit with a long shelf life for the fresh fruit market. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(45):4600–4609.
6. Campbell, B.L., Nelson, R.G., Ebel, R.C., Dozier, W.A., Adrian, J.L., & Hockema, B.R. (2004). Fruit quality characteristics that affect consumer preferences for satsuma mandarins. HortScience, 39(7):1664-1669.
7. Cantuarias-Avilés, T., Mourão Filho, F.D.A.A., Stuchi, E.S., da Silva, S.R., & Espinoza-Núñez, E. (2010). Tree performance and fruit yield and quality of ‘Okitsu’Satsuma mandarin grafted on 12 rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 123(3):318-322.
8. Cohen, E., Shalom, Y., & Rosenberger, I. (1990) Postharvest ethanol build up and off-flavor in ‘Murcott’ tangerine fruits. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 115(5):775-778.

9. Çalhan, Ö., Eren, İ., Onursal, C.E., & Güneyli, A. (2012). The effects of DCA storage on “Granny Smith” apple fruit. V. Bahçe Ürünlerinde Muhafaza ve Pazarlama Sempozyumu, 18-21 Eylül 2012, İzmir/Türkiye, p:145-152. (in Turkish).
10. Çavuşoğlu, Ş., Keskin, N., & Türkoğlu, N. (2019). Possibilities of use of edible films and coatings for post-harvest fruit cold storage. II. International Agriculture and Forestry Congress, 8-9 November 2019, İzmir/Türkiye, p:57.
11. Dal, B., & Gözen, B. (2010). The effects of post-harvest waxing on shelf life of satsuma mandarin types. Acta Horticulturae, 877:57–764.
12. Davies, F.S., & Albrigo, L.G. (1994). Citrus, crop production science in horticulture 2. ISBN 13: 978-0851988672, pp 254.
13. Didin, Ö., Özdemir, A., Çandir, E., Kaplankiran, M., & Yildiz, E. (2018). Effects of rootstocks on cold storage of ‘Robinson’ mandarin. Çukurova Journal Agriculture Food Sciences, 33(2):1-16.
14. Doğan, Y.L. (2017). Effects on The Stability, Fruit Quality and Biochemical Content of The Defense and Wax Applications in the Satsuma Mandarin Variety. MSc. Thesis, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van.
15. Dündar, Ö., Özkaya, O., Demircioğlu, H., Eroğlu, O., Dündar, B., & Kükürt, E. (2018). Effect of preharvest applications on storage and quality properties of Miho Wase mandarin. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(Special Issue):57-62.
16. Dündar, Ö., Demircioğlu, H., Belik, M., & Özkaya, O. (2020). Effect of hot water application on storage and quality properties of 'Miho Wase' mandarin. Acta Horticulturae, 1275:445-450.
17. Echeverria, E., & Ismail, M. (1990). Sugars unrelated to Brix changes in stored citrus fruits. HortScience, 25:6.
18. FAO. (2023). Food and Agricultural Organization. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Access date: 07.02.2023.
19. Güvenç, B., & Dündar, Ö. (2021). Determination Storage Performance of hybrid fruits obtained by hybridization of clemantine mandarin and orlando tangelo. Alatarım, 20(1):32-44.
20. Haider, S.A., Ahmad, S., Khan, A.S., Anjum, M.A., Nasir, M., & Naz, S. (2020). Effects of salicylic acid on postharvest fruit quality of “Kinnow” mandarin under cold storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 259:1-11.
21. Hong, S.I., Lee, H.H., & Kim, D. (2007). Effects of hot water treatment on the storage stability of satsuma mandarin as a postharvest decay control. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43(2):271-279.
22. Hu, B., Sun, D. W., Pu, H., & Wei, Q. (2019). Recent advances in detecting and regulating ethylene concentrations for shelf-life extension and maturity control of fruit: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 91:66-82.
23. Kafa, G., & Canıhoş, E. (2010). Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliği. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Teşkilatlanma ve Destekleme Genel Müdürlüğü Televizyon Yoluyla Yaygın Çiftçi Eğitimi Projesi (Yayçep). Yayın 54. (in Turkish).
24. Kaplankıran, M., Demirkeser, T.H., & Yıldız, E. (2005). The effects of some citrus rootstocks on fruit yield and quality for Okitsu Satsuma during the juvenility period in Dortyol (Hatay, Turkey) conditions. In: 7th International Society of Citrus Nurserymen Congress. Cairo, Egypt, Sept. 17–21.
25. Kaur, N., & Kumar, A. (2014). Impact of post harvest treatments on shelf life of Kinnow mandarin. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(5):290-295.
26. Kim, W.T., Lee, S.Y., Kim, J.Y., Kang, C.H., & Koh, J. S. (1998). Effects on the storage life of satsuma mandarin by the pretreatment at various temperatures. Applied Biological Chemistry, 41(3):228-233.
27. Lado, J., Cronje, P.J.R., Rodrigo, M.J., & Zacarias, L. (2019). Postharvest physiological disordes of citrus fruits. In: de Freitas, S.T., Pareek, S. (Eds.), Postharvest Physiological Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 321–342.
28. Lafuente, M.T., & Zacarías, L. (2006). Postharvest physiological disorders in citrus fruit. Stewart Postharvest Rev. 2:1–9.
29. Mahajan, B.V.C., Singh, R., & Kumar, M. (2016). Quality assurance and shelf-life extension of Kinnow mandarin fruit under supermarket conditions. International Journal of Fruit Science, 16(1):94-102.
30. Nayik, G.A., & Muzaffar, K. (2014). Developments in packaging of fresh fruits-shelf life perspective: A review. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 1(5):34-39.
31. Özdemir, A.E., & Dündar, Ö. (1999). Derim sonrası sıcak su uygulamalarının bazı portakalların muhafazasına etkileri. Türkiye III. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Ankara, Türkiye, p:126-131. (in Turkish).
32. Özdemir, A.E., Didin, M., Bayazıt, S., Alakraa, N., Gürses, H.K., & Akı, M.K. (2020). Effects of sodium metabisulphite applications on cold storage of ‘Owari Satsuma’ mandarin variety. Bahçe, 49(1):173–183.
33. Pekmezci, M. (1984). Satsuma’ ve ‘Klemantin’ mandarinlerinin soğukta muhafazası üzerinde araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK Yayınları, 587(118):99-116 (in Turkish).
34. Petracek, P.D., Kelsey, D.F., & Grierson, W (2007). Physiological peel disorders. pp. 397–442.In: Wardowski, W.F., Miller, W.M., Hall, D.J., Grierson, W. (Eds.), Fresh Citrus Fruits.
35. Rokaya, P., Baral, D., Gautam, D., Shrestha, A., & Paudyal, K. (2016a). Effect of Postharvest Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7:1098-1105.
36. Rokaya, P.R., Baral, D.R., Gautam, D.M., Shrestha, A.K., & Paudyal, K.P. (2016b). Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid on fruit quality and shelf life of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7:1033-1039.
37. Santos, L.O., Durigan, J.F., Martins, R.N., Durigan, M.F.B., & Stuchi, E.S. (2010). Postharvest storage of'ponkan','Satsuma Okitusu'and'Fremont'tangerines and their minimally processed products using refrigeration and controlled atmosphere. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on August 2010, pp:583-589.
38. Shahzad, F., Vashisth, T., Ritenour, M.A., & Brecht, J.K. (2022). Quest for desirable quality of Tango Mandarin in the citrus greening era: The promise of integrated approaches. LWT, 161:113321.
39. Shen, Y., Sun, Y., Qiao, L., Chen, J., Liu, D., & Ye, X. (2013a). Effect of UV-C treatments on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of minimally processed Satsuma mandarin during refrigerated storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 76:50-57.
40. Shen, Y., Zhong, L., Sun, Y., Chen, J., Liu, D., & Ye, X. (2013b). Influence of hot water dip on fruit quality, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Satsuma mandarin during storage. Food Science and Technology International, 19(6):511-521.
41. Şen, F., & Karaçalı, İ. (2005). The Effects of UV-C Light and Other Protected Treatments on Quality and Resistance Capacity of Satsuma Mandarins. Derim, 22(1):10-19.
42. Strano, M.C., Altieri, G., Admane, N., Genovese, F., & Di Renzo, G.C. (2017). Advance in Citrus Postharvest Management: Diseases, Cold Storage and Quality Evaluation.p.139-159. In: Harsimran Gill (ed.), Citrus Pathology, IntechOpen, United Kingdom. doi: 10.5772/66518.
43. Tietel, Z., Weiss, B., Lewinsohn, E., Fallik, E., & Porat, R. (2010). Improving taste and peel color of early-season Satsuma mandarins by combining high-temperature conditioning and degreening treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 57(1):1-5.
44. Turgutoğlu, E. (2020). Mandarin Yetiştiriciliği. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü. (in Turkish). TSI, (2022). Turkish Statistical Instıtute. Date of access: 07.02.2023.
45. Wang, Y., He, W., Fu, X., Chen, Q., & Wang, X. (2019). Effect of on-tree storage on fruit quality of three pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) cultivars. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 330:1-6.
46. Yadav, M., Kumar, N., Singh, D.B. & Singh, G.K. (2010). Effect of postharvest treatments on shelf life and quality of kinnow mandarin. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 67:243-248.
47. Yazıcı, K., Göksu B., Bakoğlu N., & Akbulut M. (2017). Satsuma (Rize) Mandarininin Klon Seleksiyonu ile Islahı. Yükseköğretim Kurumları Destekli Proje, 2013 – 2017. (in Turkish).
48. Yazıcı, K., Göksu, B., Korkmaz, Ö., Akbulut, M., Bakoğlu, N., Tepe., G., & Ömür, R. (2020). Breeding of Rize (Satsuma) mandarin by clonal selection. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 1(1):1-15.
49. Yazıcı, K., Göksu B., Akbulut M., & Bakoğlu, N. (2021). Seleksiyonu sonucu elde edilen Rize (Satsuma) mandarini klonlarından yeni çeşit adaylarının seçimi (Seleksiyon II Aşaması). Yükseköğretim Kurumları Destekli Proje, 2018 – 2021. (in Turkish).
50. Zacarias, L, Cronje, P., & Palou, L. (2020). Postharvest technology of citrus fruits. pp. 421-446. Talon, M., Caruso, M., Gmitter, F.G. (ed), Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-02375-6.
51. Zan, R., & Özdemir, A.E. (2022). Effect of Chitosan and Wax Treatments on Storage of ‘Owari Satsuma’ Mandarin in Common and Cold Store. Alatarım, 21(2):67-78.