Identification of Quality Characteristics of Autochthonous Karasüt Apple during Cold Storage

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to assess weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity and vitamin C content of the autochthonous Karasüt apple throughout cold storage. The ‘Granny Smith’ cultivar was used as positive control. The fruit was kept at a temperature of 0.0±0.5°C and relative humidity of 90±5%. Quality losses were observed in the apples during cold storage. The weight loss of Karasüt apple (6.70%) was higher than that of Granny Smith (2.20%) at the end of cold storage. A lower respiration rate was measured in the Karasüt apple (1.23 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1), compared to the positive control (1.53 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1) at harvest. On the contrary, the respiration rate was higher on days 30 and 60. The fruit firmness of Granny Smith (27.14 N) was higher than that of Karasüt (22.47 N) at the end of cold storage. During the cold storage, a higher SSC was obtained from Karasüt apple compared to the positive control. However, titratable acidity was lower in Karasüt apple. In the first two measurements of cold storage, the vitamin C of Karasüt apple was higher than that of the positive control. As a result, it was revealed that Karasüt apple had faster quality losses during cold storage than Granny Smith apple cultivar.

Keywords

• Firmness
• Malus domestica
• Respiration rate
• Weight loss
• Vitamin C

References

1. Billy, L., Mehinagic, E., Royer, G., Renard, C.M., Arvisenet, G., Prost, C., & Jourjon, F. (2008). Relationship between texture and pectin composition of two apple cultivars during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 47(3):315-324.
2. Boyer, J., & R.H. Liu. (2004). Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal, 3:5.
3. Burdon, J., Pidakala, P., Martin, P., Billing, D., & Boldingh, H. (2016). Fruit maturation and the soluble solids harvest index for ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 213, 193-198.
4. FAO (2023). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed date: 17 July 2023).
5. Ghafir, S.A. (2009). Physiological and anatomical comparison between four different apple cultivars under cold-storage conditions. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 53(1):21-26.
6. Hayat, I., Masud, T., & Rathore, H.A. (2005). Effect of coating and wrapping materials on the shelf life of apple (Malus domestica cv. Borkh). International Journal of Food Safety, 5:24-34.
7. Jan, I., & Rab, A. (2012). Influence of storage duration on physico-chemical changes in fruit of apple cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(3):708-714.
8. Karakaya, O., Aglar, E., Ozturk, B., Gun, S., Ates, U., & Ocalan, O.N. (2020). Changes of quality traits and phytochemical components of jujube fruit treated with preharvest GA3 and Parka during cold storage. Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences, 2(2):30-37.

9. Mditshwa, A., Magwaza, L. S., Tesfay, S. Z., & Opara, U. L. (2017). Postharvest factors affecting vitamin C content of citrus fruits: A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 218:95-104.
10. Nour, V., Trandafir, I., & Ionica, M.E. (2010). Compositional characteristics of fruits of several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 38(3):228-233.
11. Ozturk, B., Yıldız, K., Uzun, S., & Ozturk, A., (2017). Effects of pre-harvest AVG treatments on fruit quality of Jonagold apple cultivar throughout cold storage. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 3(1):1–5.
12. Ozturk, A., Ozturk, B., Karakaya, O., Gün, S., Ates, U., Yıldız, K., & Gundogdu, M. (2022). Preliminary results: Combination of MAP and Aloe vera gel in medlar fruit. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 64(1):37-45.
13. Palmer, J.W., Prive, J.P., & Tustin, D.S. (2003). Temperature. In: Ferree, D.C., Warrington, I.J. (Eds.), Apples: Botany, Production and Uses. Cabi publishing, pp. 217–236.
14. Reig, G., Alegre, S., Cantín, C. M., Gatius, F., Puy, J., & Iglesias, I. (2017). Tree ripening and postharvest firmness loss of eleven commercial nectarine cultivars under Mediterranean conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 219:335-343.
15. Ren, Y. Y., Sun, P. P., Wang, X. X., & Zhu, Z. Y. (2020). Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides and change of related enzyme activities with fruit softening in Annona squamosa during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 166:111203.
16. Şahin, G. (2013). Importance of the geographical indications and geographical indications of Vize (Kirklareli). Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (15), 23-37 (in Turkish).