The Effect of Antioxidants on Micropropagation of Avocado by Nodal Segments

Year 2021, , 50 - 55, 01.06.2021

Gizem Güler Hamide Gübbük Mahmut Alper Arslan

https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.900936

Abstract

Tissue culturing, which is an alternative method to clonal reproduction of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has started to become widespread in recent years. However, the browning of tissue resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds is one of the most important factors limiting success in the in vitro reproduction of avocados. Therefore, in this study, the effects of different antioxidants (activated charcoal (AC), ascorbic acid (ASA), citric acid (CA) alone or in combination with each other on browning and regeneration of avocado shoots, grown under in vitro conditions, were investigated. In the study, MS (Murashige and Skoog) nutrient medium with 1 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 GA3 and 3% sucrose was used in all treatments. Moreover, antioxidants alone or combined with each other with different concentrations were used in the nutrient media in all treatments except the control. As a result of the research, the lowest browning intensity and the highest survival rate values were shown in the application of 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) alone and in the combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA). Furthermore, maximum shoot length (2.8 cm) and maximum leaf number (6.4) in terms of survival rate of the explants, shoot length and number of leaves were determined in MS nutrient medium containing a combination of 60 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (ASA) and 40 mg L-1 citric acid (CA).

Keywords

Ascorbic acid, Citric acid, Browning, In vitro, Persea americana Mill.

References

• Ahmad I., Hussian T., Ashraf I., Nefees M., Marayam M.R., Rafay, M., & Iqbal M. (2013). Lethal effects of secondary metabolites on plant tissue culture. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 13:539-547.
• Ahmad, I., Jaskani, M.J., Nafees, M., Ashraf, I., & Qureshi, R. (2016). Control of media browning in micropropagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 48:713-716.
• Ahmed, M.F., Kantharajah, S.A., & Holford, P. (2001). Factors affecting adventitious shoot and root formation from the avocado cultivar ‘hass’ (Persea americana Mill.) in vitro. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 66:293-297.
• Al-Mayahi, A.M.V. (2016). Influence of salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (ASA) on in vitro propagation and salt tolerance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. ‘Nersy’. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 10:969-976.
• Barceló-Muñoz, A., Encina, C.L., Simón-Pérez, E., & Pliego-Alfaro, F. (1999). Micropropagation of adult avocado. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 58:11–17.
• Barceló-Muñoz, A., & Pliego-Alfaro, F. (2012). Micropropagation of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). In. Jain S.M. & Ishii K. (ed.), The Netherlands: Springer Science and Business Media. Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits. pp. 519–542.
• Ben-Ya’acov, A., & Michelson, E. (1995). Avocado rootstocks. Horticultural Reviews, 17:381–429.
• Castro, M., Oyanedel, E., & Cautín, R. (1995). In vitro shoot proliferation in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) induced by CPPU. In Proceedings of the World Avocado Congress. Chile, 3:223–226.
• Chandra, R., Padaria, J.C., & Srivastava, S. (2003). Factors influencing in vitro establishment of mango shoot buds. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 9:13644.
• Dalsaso, L., & Guevara, E. (1989). Multiplicación clonal in vitro del aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Fuerte. Agronomía Costarricense, 13:61–71.
• Ernst, A.A. (1999). Micro Cloning: A multiple cloning technique for avocados using micro containers. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultural, 5:217-220.
• FAO, (2018). Agricultural production data. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home. Date accessed: August 06, 2020.
• Frolich, E.F., & Platt, R.G. (1972). Use of the etiolation technique in rooting avocado cuttings. Avocado Society Year Book, California, 55:97-109.
• George, E.F. (1996). Plant propagation by tissue culture, Parts 1 and 2, Edington, Wilts, Exegetics Ltd., Eversley.
• Hiti-Bandaralage, J.C.A., Hayward, A., & Mitter, N. (2017). Micropropagation of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 8: 2898.
• Hong-bin, C. (2008). Study on the browning-inhibition of longan in tissue culture. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 36:3132–3133.
• Jakhar, M.L., Verma, R., & Dixit, D. (2019). Effect of antioxidants on in vitro degree of browning and culture establishment of Guggul [Commiphora wightii (Arnott)]: A valuable desert medicinal plant. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5:250-254.
• Krishna, H., Sairam, R.K., Singh, S.K., Patel, V.B., Sharma, R.R., Grover, M., Nain, L., & Sachdev, A. (2008). Mango explant browning: Effect of ontogenic age, mycorrhization and pretreatments. Scientia Horticulturae, 118:132-138.
• Monaco, L.C., Sundahl, M.R., Carvalho, A., Crocomo, O.J., & Sharp, W.R. (1995). Application of tissue culture in improvement of coffee. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 14:225-229.
• Morton, J.F. (1987). Lauraceae. pp. 91–102. In: Morton, J.F. (ed.), Fruits of Warm Climates, Miami.
• Munguatosha, N., Emerald, M., & Patric, N. (2014). Control of lethal browning by using ascorbic acid on shoot tip cultures of a local Musa spp. (banana) cv. mzuzu in Tanzania. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13:1721-1725. Ndakidemi, C.F., Mneney, E., & Ndakidemi, P.A. (2014). Effects of ascorbic acid in controlling lethal browning in in vitro culture of Brahylaena huillensis using nodal segments. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5:187-191.
• Nel, D.D., Kotzé, J.M., & Snyman, C.P. (1983). Progress in tıssue culture of avocado. South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook, 6: 90-91.
• O’Brien, C., Hiti-Bandaralage, J.C.A., Folgado, R., Lahmeyer, S., Hayward, A., & Mitter, N. (2020). Developing a cryopreservation protocol for avocado (Persea americana Mill.) apical shoot tips using different antioxidants. Acta Horticulturae, 1285:15-22.
• Ozyigit, I. I. (2008). Phenolic changes during in vitro organogenesis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) shoot tips. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7:1145-1150.
• Pliego-Alfaro, F., & Murashige, T. (1987). Possible rejuvenation of adult avocado by graftage onto juvenile rootstocks in vitro. Horticultural Science, 22:1321-1324.
• Poudyal, B.K., Du, G., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., & Shi, Q. (2008). Studies on browning problem and phenols content on shoots of Yali, Aikansui and Abbe Fetel pears for in vitro culture. Frontiers of Agriculture, 2:321-330.
• Saenz, L., Herrera-Herrera, G., Uicab-Ballote. F., Chan, J.L., & Oropeza, C. (2010). Influence of form of activated charcoal on embryogenic callus formation in coconut (Cocos nucifera). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 100:301-308.
• Schall, S. (1987). Propagation of avocado (Persea americana Mill. Cv. Fuerte) by in vitro micro cuttings. Fruits, 42:171–176.
• Shao, H.B., Chu, L.Y., Lu, Z.H., & Kang, C.M. (2007). Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 4:8–14.
• Shirazi, M.R., Rahpeyma, S.A., & Zolala, J. (2020). A new approach to prevent hazelnut callus browning by modification of sub-culture. Biologia Plantarum, 64:417-421.
• Singh, P., & Patel, R.M. (2016). Factors affecting in vitro degree of browning and culture establishment of pomegranate. African Journal of Plant Science, 10:43-49.
• Silva, T.A., & Ledesma, N. (2014). Avocado history, biodiversity and production. pp. 157-205. In: Nandwani, D. (ed.), Sustainable Horticultural Systems, Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
• Thorpe, T.A. (2007). History of plant tissue culture. Molecular Biotechnology, 37:169-180.
• Wessels, H. (1996). In vitro clonal propagation of avocado rootstocks. South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook, 19:59-60.
• Zamir, R., Shah, S.T., Nawab, A., Khattak, G.S.S., & Muhammad, T. (2004). Studies on in vitro surface sterilization and antioxidants on guava shoot tips and nodal explants. Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology, 1:12-16.