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<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Höyük</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1309-8780</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2822-3985</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk Tarih Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37879/hoyuk.2025.1.097</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Archaeology (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Arkeoloji (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Caligae Nails Discovered in the Southern Necropolis of Hadrianopolis</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Hadrianopolis Güney Nekropolü’nde Ele Geçen Sandalet (Caligae) Raptiyeleri</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-4615</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çelikbaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ersin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-3108</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çakmak</surname>
                                    <given-names>Elif Nur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250515">
                    <day>05</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>15</issue>
                                        <fpage>97</fpage>
                                        <lpage>112</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220615">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230505">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1988, Höyük</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1988</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Höyük</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Shoes have been an essential component of clothing throughout human history, emerging from the need to protect and cover the body against environmental conditions. Since humans discovered clothing, they sought ways to shield their feet from external factors, ultimately leading to the invention. Shoes not only protect the feet of human beings from external conditions, but over time, it has been the main indicator of many positions such as social status, nationality, profession, and rank. Again, in the Roman Empire, footwear served not only utilitarian purposes but also acted as significant cultural markers reflecting individuals’ social and economic standing. This study focuses on sandal nails discovered during archaeological excavations in the Southern Necropolis of Hadrianopolis, located within the borders of the Eskipazar district of Karabük province. The necropolis, situated on the rocky terrain of Balkayası to the south of the Four Rivers Church, has been the site of systematic excavations since 2018. Various types of tombs have been documented in this calcareous area, which was continuously used during the Roman and Byzantine periods. To date, 286 rock-cut tombs have been identified. Notably, during the 2020–2021 excavation seasons, a total of 149 sandal nails were unearthed from the tombs numbered M-46, M-63, M-84, and M-116. Frequently encountered in excavations of ancient settlements, these nails are considered to be associated with caligae, the Roman military sandal. The nails have been based on archaeological contexts and stratigraphic data of the graves in which they were found, and their functional and symbolic roles within ancient funerary traditions are evaluated.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Ayakkabı, insanlık tarihiyle birlikte doğa koşullarından korunma ve örtünme ihtiyacının bir sonucu olarak giyimin önemli bir parçası hâline gelmiştir. İnsanoğlu giyimi keşfettiği andan itibaren ayaklarını dış etkenlerden koruma gereksinimi duymuş ve bu gereksinim zamanla ayakkabının ortaya çıkmasına öncülük etmiştir. Ayakkabı, sadece ayakları korumakla kalmayıp, zaman içinde toplumsal statü, milliyet, meslek ve rütbe gibi pek çok farklı konumu da simgeleyen önemli bir göstergeye dönüşmüştür. Roma İmparatorluğu’nda da ayakkabılar, işlevsel kullanımlarının yanı sıra bireylerin sosyal statüsünü ve ekonomik gücünü yansıtan önemli kültürel göstergelerden biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturan sandal raptiyeleri, Karabük ili, Eskipazar ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Hadrianopolis Antik Kentinin Güney Nekropol alanında gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazılar sırasında tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu nekropol, Dört Nehir Kilisesi’nin güneyinde, Balkayası olarak adlandırılan kayalık bir topografyada konumlanmaktadır. 2018 yılında başlatılan sistematik kazı çalışmaları, hâlen devam etmektedir. Kalkerli bir dokuya sahip olan kayalık alanda, çeşitli tiplerde mezarlar tespit edilmiştir. Nekropol alanının en önemli özelliklerinden biri, Roma ve Bizans Dönemleri boyunca kesintisiz bir kullanım sergilemesidir. Yürütülen sistematik kazı çalışmaları sonucunda günümüze kadar toplam 286 adet kaya mezarı belgelenmiştir. Özellikle 2020-2021 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen kazı sezonlarında, M-46, M-63, M-84 ve M-116 olarak numaralandırılan mezarların içerisinde, 149 adet sandalet raptiyesi ele geçmiştir. Antik kent kazılarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan bu raptiyelerin, Roma askerî ayakkabısı olarak bilinen caligae ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Raptiyeler, bulundukları mezarların arkeolojik konteksti ve stratigrafik verileri doğrultusunda tarihlendirilmiş; ayrıca Antik Dönem ölü gömme gelenekleri içerisindeki işlevsel ve sembolik rolleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sandalet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Caligae</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Raptiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Roma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hadrianopolis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Sandal</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Caligae</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nail</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Roman</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hadrianopolis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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