Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve

Burcu Şenol Gökalp; Fatih Çelik; Gözde Yagci

Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve

Abstract

Purpose: Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that induces asymmetries in the body. Existing literature primarily focuses on asymmetries caused by scoliosis, particularly in the shoulders, waistline, breasts, and pelvis. This study aimed to compare differences in facial, neck, and shoulder symmetry profiles of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy peers through two-dimensional photographic methods. Methods: Thirty-one adolescents diagnosed with Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and 31 healthy controls participated in the study. Facial, neck and shoulder asymmetry were evaluated in 2D photogrammetry. Active mandibular movements were measured with a ruler, while neck mobility was assessed using a standard flexible tape. Axial cervical rotation was measured with a scoliometer. Results: The findings revealed that participants with AIS exhibited greater asymmetry in eye, midface, and mouth regions compared to healthy peers. Additionally, individuals with scoliosis displayed significant asymmetry in the right to left trapezium angle ratio, as well as noticeable differences in shoulder and axillary heights. Discussion: The results suggest that scoliosis-related asymmetries are not confined to the trunk but also affect the head, neck, and shoulder regions.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hacettepe University (Approval Number: GO 20/694; Date: November 3, 2020). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to data collection.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physiotherapy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Burcu Şenol Gökalp ^*
0000-0002-9259-8403
Türkiye

Fatih Çelik
0000-0003-2728-9521
Türkiye

Gözde Yagci
0000-0002-4603-7162
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 10, 2025

Submission Date

April 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 3 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Şenol Gökalp, B., Çelik, F., & Yagci, G. (2025). Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve. Journal of Hacettepe University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, 3(3), 117-123. https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU

AMA

1.Şenol Gökalp B, Çelik F, Yagci G. Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve. JHUPTR. 2025;3(3):117-123. https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU

Chicago

Şenol Gökalp, Burcu, Fatih Çelik, and Gözde Yagci. 2025. “Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Main or Double Thoracic Curve”. Journal of Hacettepe University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty 3 (3): 117-23. https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU.

EndNote

Şenol Gökalp B, Çelik F, Yagci G (September 1, 2025) Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve. Journal of Hacettepe University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty 3 3 117–123.

IEEE

[1]B. Şenol Gökalp, F. Çelik, and G. Yagci, “Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve”, JHUPTR, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 117–123, Sept. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU

ISNAD

Şenol Gökalp, Burcu - Çelik, Fatih - Yagci, Gözde. “Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Main or Double Thoracic Curve”. Journal of Hacettepe University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty 3/3 (September 1, 2025): 117-123. https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU.

JAMA

1.Şenol Gökalp B, Çelik F, Yagci G. Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve. JHUPTR. 2025;3:117–123.

MLA

Şenol Gökalp, Burcu, et al. “Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Main or Double Thoracic Curve”. Journal of Hacettepe University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 117-23, https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU.

Vancouver

1.Burcu Şenol Gökalp, Fatih Çelik, Gözde Yagci. Facial - Neck - Shoulder Asymmetry Profile in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Main or Double Thoracic Curve. JHUPTR [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 1;3(3):117-23. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23DP69TU