Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review

Marwan Al-nimer; Vian Esmail

doi:10.52794/hujpharm.1568079

Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review

Abstract

ABSTRACT There are interactions between the effects of oral antidiabetics on physical activity, sarcopenia, dysmobility syndrome, and circulating myokine levels. The geriatric population with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop sarcopenia or dysmobility because they are physically inactive due to metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we examined appropriate testing for sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (muscle wasting and osteoporosis) and levels of myokines or exerkines, notably irisin and myostatin, which indicate the level of physical activity. Our data showed that the effects of oral antidiabetics on skeletal muscle volume, strength, and bone mineral density were inconsistent. Furthermore, certain oral antidiabetics aggravate sarcopenia in sedentary people, whereas others require physiotherapy. An intriguing discovery is that some oral antidiabetics considerably boost circulating irisin levels associated with greater physical activity and skeletal muscle strength. Exercise rehabilitation is recommended to counteract the detrimental effects of certain oral antidiabetics on sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome. Exogenous irisin and myostatin inhibitors supplementation is still in the experimental phase.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

University of Diyala

Ethical Statement

This is a narrative review that it does not require ethical statement as our committees informed us

Thanks

I appreciate your cooperation

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Marwan Al-nimer ^*
0000-0002-5336-3353
Iraq

Vian Esmail
0000-0002-5914-8136
Iraq

Publication Date

December 1, 2025

Submission Date

October 15, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 22, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 45 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1568079

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43KS85BG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Al-nimer, M., & Esmail, V. (2025). Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 45(4), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1568079

AMA

1.Al-nimer M, Esmail V. Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review. HUJPHARM. 2025;45(4):353-366. doi:10.52794/hujpharm.1568079

Chicago

Al-nimer, Marwan, and Vian Esmail. 2025. “Perspectives of Oral Antidiabetics in the Physical Inactivity and Its Sequelae-Relations to the Circulating Myokines (Irisin and Myostatin): A Review”. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy 45 (4): 353-66. https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1568079.

EndNote

Al-nimer M, Esmail V (December 1, 2025) Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy 45 4 353–366.

IEEE

[1]M. Al-nimer and V. Esmail, “Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review”, HUJPHARM, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 353–366, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.52794/hujpharm.1568079.

ISNAD

Al-nimer, Marwan - Esmail, Vian. “Perspectives of Oral Antidiabetics in the Physical Inactivity and Its Sequelae-Relations to the Circulating Myokines (Irisin and Myostatin): A Review”. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy 45/4 (December 1, 2025): 353-366. https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1568079.

JAMA

1.Al-nimer M, Esmail V. Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review. HUJPHARM. 2025;45:353–366.

MLA

Al-nimer, Marwan, and Vian Esmail. “Perspectives of Oral Antidiabetics in the Physical Inactivity and Its Sequelae-Relations to the Circulating Myokines (Irisin and Myostatin): A Review”. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, vol. 45, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 353-66, doi:10.52794/hujpharm.1568079.

Vancouver

1.Marwan Al-nimer, Vian Esmail. Perspectives of oral antidiabetics in the physical inactivity and its sequelae-Relations to the circulating myokines (Irisin and myostatin): A review. HUJPHARM. 2025 Dec. 1;45(4):353-66. doi:10.52794/hujpharm.1568079