Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endemic Salvia Species Growing in Turkey

Abstract

The ethanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of three Salvia species (S. hypargeia,

S. huberi and S. dichroantha) which are endemic to Turkey were tested for their antibacterial

and antifungal activities against two Gram (+) bacterial strains [Staphylococcus

aureus (ATCC 25925), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633)]; three Gram (-) bacterial strains

[Escherichia coli (ATCC 25923), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 02026), Aeromonas

hydrophila (ATCC 95080)] and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and three fungal

strains (Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. tropicalis

ATCC 750) by using the broth microdilution method. All tested plant extracts showed

significantly antibacterial activity against A. baumannii (ATCC 02026) (62.5 μg/mL

MIC value) when compared to reference drug Ampicillin (125 μg/mL MIC value).

The ethanolic extract of S. huberi was found the most effectiveness extract against M.

tuberculosis H37Rv with 0.97 μg/mL MIC value when compared to reference antimycobacterial

agents Isoniazid and Ethambutol (0.97 μg/mL and 1.95 μg/mL MIC values,

respectively).

Keywords

• Salvia species,antimicrobial activity,plant extract

References

1. 1. Altun M, Unal M, Kocagoz T, Goren AC: Essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activity of Salvia Species. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2007, 10(3):251-258.
2. 2. Kamatou GPP, Makunga NP, Ramogola WPN, Viljoen AM: South African Salvia species: A review of biological activities and phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2008, 119:664–672.
3. 3. Atas AD, Goze I, Alim A, Cetinus SA, Vural N, Goze HM, Korkoca H: Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & Mey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2011, 14(3):289-296.
4. 4. Habibi Z, Cheraghi Z, Ghasemi S, Yousefi M: A new highly hydroxylated triterpene from Salvia atropatana Bunge. Natural Product Research 2012, 26(20):1910-1913.
5. 5. Tohma H, Koksal E, Kılıc O, Alan Y, Yılmaz MA, Gulcin I, Bursal E, Alwasel SH: RP-HPLC/MS/MS analysis of the phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia L. species. Antioxidants 2016, 5:38-53.
6. 6. Tan N, Yazıcı-Tutunis S, Yesil Y, Demirci B, Tan E: Antibacterial activities and composition of the essential oils of Salvia sericeo-tomentosa varieties. Records of Natural Products 2017, 11(5):456-461.
7. 7. Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Selvi S, Turkmen Z, Kandemir A: The anatomical and micromorphological properties of three endemic and medicinal Salvia species (Lamiaceae) in Erzincan (Turkey). Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all. Aspects of Plant Biology 2017, 151(1):63-73.
8. 8. Kocak A, Bagci E: Chemical composition of essential oil of local endemic Salvia kronenburgii Rech. fil. to Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 2011, 14(3):360-365.

9. 9. Er M, Tugay O, Ozcan MM, Ulukus D, AL-Juhaimi F: Biochemical properties of some Salvia L. species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2013, 185:5193-5198.
10. 10. Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Sokmen A: Screening of the antioxidant potentials of six Salvia species from Turkey. Food Chemistry 2006, 95:200-204.
11. 11. Demirci B, Baser KHC, Yıldız B, Bahcecioglu Z: Composition of the essential oils of six endemic Salvia spp. from Turkey. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 2003, 18:116-121.
12. 12. Topcu G, Turkmen Z, Schilling JK, Kingston DGI, Pezzuto JM, Ulubelen A: Cytotoxic activity of some Anatolian Salvia extracts and isolated abietane diterpenoids. Pharmaceutical Biology 2008, 46(3): 180-184.
13. 13. Nielsen TRH, Kuete V, Jäger AK, Meyer JJM, Lall N: Antimicrobial activity of selected South African medicinal plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:74-80.
14. 14. Oztekin N, Baskan S, Kepekci SE, Erim FB, Topcu G: Isolation and analysis of bioactive diterpenoids in Salvia species (Salvia chionantha and Salvia kronenburgiii) by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2010, 51:439-442.
15. 15. Azcan N, Ertan A, Demirci B, Baser KHC: Fatty acid composition of seed oils of twelve Salvia species growing in Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 2004, 40(3):218-221.
16. 16. Kotan R, Kordali S, Cakir A, Kesdek M, Kaya Y, Kilic H: Antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of essential oil isolated from Turkish Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2008,36:360-368.
17. 17. Kirmizibekmez H, Bardakci Altan H, Liktor-Busa E, Zana A, Yesilada E, Hohmann J: Chemical constituents of Salvia dichroantha. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2012, 42:18-20.
18. 18. Ulubelen A, Topcu G, Chai HB, Pezzuto JM: Cytotoxic activity of diterpenoids isolated from Salvia hypargeia. Pharmaceutical Biology 1999, 37(2):148-151.
19. 19. Temel HE, Demirci B, Demirci F, Celep F, Kahraman A, Doğan M, Başer KHC: Chemical characterization and anticholinesterase effects of essential oils derived from Salvia species. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2016, 28(4): 322-331.
20. 20. Alimpić A, Knežević A, Milutinović M, Stević T, Šavikin K, Stajić M, Marković S, Marin P, Matevski V, Duletić-Laušević S: Biological activities and chemical composition of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. extracts. Industrial Crops & Products 2017, 105:1-9.
21. 21. Topcu G, Turkmen Z, Ulubelen A, Schilling JK, Kingston DGI: Highly Hydroxylated Triterpenes from Salvia kronenburgii. Journal of Natural Products 2004, 67:118-121.
22. 22. Nateche F, Martin A, Baraka S, Palomino JC, Khaled S, Portaels F: Application of the resazurin microtitre assay for detection of multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Algiers. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2006, 55:857-860.
23. 23. Bahmani M, Zargaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Saki K: Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus in the Urmia, Northwest Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014, 7(Suppl 1):348-354.
24. 24. Ersen D, Ulger M, Mangelinckx S, Gemili M, Sahin E, Nural Y: Synthesis and anti(myco)bacterial activity of novel 5,5- diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthiourea derivatives and a functionalized hexahydro- 1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole. Medicinal Chemistry Research 2017, 26:2152-2160.
25. 25. NCCLS. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard-Second Edition. NCCLS document M27-A2 (ISBN 1-56238-469-4). NCCLS, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2002.
26. 26. Sonmez M, Celebi M, Berber I: Synthesis, spectroscopic and biological studies on the new symmetric Schiff base derived from 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with N-aminopyrimidine. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2010, 45:1935-1940.
27. 27. Guzeldemirci NU, Kuçukbasmacı Ö: Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of new 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles bearing imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole moiety. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2010, 45:63-68.
28. 28. Digrak M, Alma MH, Ilcim A: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology 2001, 39(5):346-350.
29. 29. Pirbalouti AG, Jahanbazı P, Enteshari S, Malekpoor F, Hamedi B: Antimicrobial activity of some Iranian medicinal plants. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade 2010, 62(3):633-642.
30. 30. Karagoz, Artun FT, Ozcan G, Melikoglu G, Anıl S, Kultur S, Sutlupınar N: In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant methanol extracts, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 2015, 29(6):1184-1189.
31. 31. Hatipoglu SD, Zorlu N, Dirmenci T, Goren A C, Ozturk T, Topcu G: Determination of volatile organic compounds in fourty five Salvia species by Thermal Desorption-GC-MS Technique. Records of Natural Products 2016, 10(6): 659-700.
32. 32. Hatipoglu SD, Yalcinkaya B, Akgoz M, Ozturk T, Goren AC, Topcu G: Screening of hallucinogenic compounds and genomic characterisation of 40 Anatolian Salvia species. Phytochemical Analysis 2017, 28:541-549.
33. 33. Demirci B, Demirci F, Donmez AA, Franz G, Paper DH, Başer KHC: Effects of Salvia essential oils on the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay. Pharmaceutical Biology 2005, 43(8):666-671.
34. 34. Sezer Senol F, Orhan I, Celep F, Kahraman A, Dogan M, Yilmaz G, Sener B: Survey of 55 Turkish Salvia taxa for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry 2010, 120:34–43.
35. 35. Kawazoe K, Yamamoto M, Takaishi Y, Honda G, Fujita T, Sezik E, Yesilada E: Rearranged abietane-type diterpenes from Salvia dichroantha. Phytochemistry 1999, 50:493-497.
36. 36. Topcu G: Bioactive Triterpenoids from Salvia Species. Journal of Natural Products 2006, 69:482-487.
37. 37. Dent M, Dragović-Uzelac, Penić M, Brnĉić, Bosiljkov T, Levaj B: The effect of extraction eolvents, temperature and time on the composition and mass fraction of polyphenols in dalmatian Wild Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extracts. Food Technology and Biotechnology 2013, 51(1):84-91.
38. 38. Kowalczyk D, Świeca M, Cichocka J, Gawlik-Dziki U: The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of hops and their pellets. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013, 119:103-110.
39. 39. Lean SS, Yeo CC: Small, enigmatic plasmids of the nosocomial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii: good, bad, who knows?. Frontiers in microbiology 2017, 8:1547.