Chemical Warfare Agents: History, Toxicity, Detection and Preparedness

Abstract

The use of “chemical warfare agents (CWA)” as mass destruction weapons first started in World war I. However, use of toxic agents in wars and in attack started in the first ages of written history. The threat of chemical weapons reached to important extents in the last part of the 20th century and became a current issue in the mass destructions and terrorist events. Therefore, nowadays and generally in the 21st century, it should be accepted that the chemical weapons take their part along with the conventional weapons and they have become most possible warfare and attack methods. Today the best way to defend against chemical and biological weapons is “preparedness”. Preparedness has two components: “knowledge” and “equipment”. Knowledge is provided by education. The counterparts of equipment are personnel, appliance, devices, organization and coordination. In this review, we will mainly focus on the history of chemical warfare agents, their toxicities and detections as well as the concept of “preparedness”. 

Keywords

• Detection
• preparedness
• hemical warfare agent
• history
• toxicity

Kimyasal Savaş Ajanları: Tarihçeleri, Toksisiteleri, Saptanmaları ve Hazırlıklı Olma

Abstract

“Kimyasal savaş ajanları (chemical warfare agents, CWA)” nın kitle imha silahı olarak ilk kullanımları Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda başlamıştır. Bununla beraber, toksik kimyasal maddelerin savaş ve saldırı amacıyla kullanımı yazılı tarihin ilk dönemlerinden başlamıştır. Yeni birçok kimyasal maddenin ve özellikle de farklı organofosfatlı bileşiklerin sentezlenmesiyle kimyasal silah kullanım tehditi 20. yüzyılın son yarısına önemli boyutlara ulaşmış ve toplu öldürme ve terörizm olaylarında kullanımları gündeme gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla içinde bulunduğumuz şu günlerde ve hatta daha genel olarak 21. yüzyılda, kimyasal silahların konvansiyonel silahların hemen yanında yer alarak en olası savaş ve saldırı yöntemleri haline geldikleri gerçeğini kabul etmek gerekmektedir.
Bugün kimyasal ve biyolojik silahlara mevcut en iyi savunma yönteminin ‘korunma’
olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Hazırlıklı olmanın iki bileşeni vardır: bilgi ve donanım.
Bilgi eğitimle sağlanır. Donanımın bileşenleri ise personel, araç ve gereç donanımı ile
organizasyon ve koordinasyondur. Bu derleme kapsamında, kimyasal savaş ajanlarının
tarihçesinden, toksisitelerinden ve saptanmalarından söz edilecek, bu silahlara karşı
“hazırlıklı olma” kavramına değinilecektir. 

Keywords

• Deteksiyon
• hazırlıklı olma
• kimyasal savaş ajanı
• tarihçe
• toksisite

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