Zencefilin Eczacılıktaki Yeri ve Antitümör Etkisi

Abstract

Zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) tüm dünyada yaygın olarak tüketilen geleneksel tıbbi bir bitkidir. Genellikle gıda/baharat amaçlı tüketilmesine rağmen, tedavi amacıyla da birçok hasta tarafından tüketilmektedir. İçerisindeki aktif bileşenler, güçlü etkilere sahip gingeroller ve şogaollerdir. Son zamanlarda zencefilin antikanser etkisi üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar artmıştır. Zencefilde bulunan bazı bileşenlerin güçlü antioksidan ve antienflamatuvar etkileri vardır ve bunların bazıları deneysel karsinogenezde anti-tümör aktivite göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada zencefilin eczacılıktaki yeri ve çeşitli kanser türleri üzerindeki etkisi ile ilgili bilimsel araştırmalar derlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Zingiber officinale
• zencefil
• geleneksel tıbbi bitki
• antitümör etki

Ginger’s Place in Pharmacy and Antitumor Effect

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a traditional medical plant which is commonly consumed throughout the world. Although often used for food/spice, it is also taken by many patients for treatment. Its the most active ingredients are gingerols and shogaol which have strong effects. Research interest has recently increase on the anti-cancer effects of ginger. Some of the constituents present in ginger have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects while some others exhibit antitumor activity in experimental carcinogenesis. In this study, scientific researches on the place of ginger in pharmacy and its effect on various cancer types have been reviewed. 

Keywords

• Zingiber officinale
• ginger
• traditional medicinal plant

References

1. 1. Zingiberis rhizoma, ESCOP Monographs 2nd ed.Suppl. 2009: pp 289-303.
2. 2. Baytop AT: Farmasötik Botanik Ders Kitabı. İ.Ü. Basımevi ve Film Merkezi; İstanbul, Türkiye, 1996.
3. 3. Farnsworth RF, Fong HHS, Mahady GB. Zingiber officinale. In: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Volume 1, WHO Publications; Geneva, Switzerland. 1999: pp 277-287.
4. 4. Rahmani AH, Al Shabrmi FM, Aly SA: Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. International Journal of Physiology Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2014, 6(2):125-136.
5. 5. Kaplan H: Zencefilin (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Bitkisel Özellikleri ve Yetiştiriciliği. Derim dergisi 2005, 22(2):1-9.
6. 6. Bode AM, Dong Z. Chapter 7-The Amazing and Mighty Ginger. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S (eds), Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects 2nd edition. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton, Florida. 2011: pp 131-156.
7. 7. http://myherbsweblog.blogspot.com.tr/2010/11/ginger-plant-is-that. html. 8. Surh YJ, Lee E, Lee JM: Chemoprotective properties of some pungent ingredients present in red pepper and ginger. Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 1997, 402 (1998):259–267.
8. 9. Choudhury D, Das A, Bhattacharya A, Chakrabarti G: Aqueous extract of ginger shows antiproliferative activity through disruption of microtubule network of cancer cells. FoodChem. Toxicol. 2010, 48(10):2872–2880.

9. 10. Manju V, Nalini N: Chemopreventive efficacy of ginger, a naturally occurring anticarcinogen during the initiation, post-initiation stages of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. Clin. Chim. Acta 2005, 358(1-2):60–67.
10. 11. Park KK, Chun KS, Lee JM, Lee SS, Surh J: Inhibitoryeffects of 6-gingerol, a major pungent principle of ginger, on phorbol ester-induced inflammation, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor promotion in ICR mice. Cancer Lett. 1998,129(2):139– 144.
11. 12. Prasad S, Tyagi AK: Ginger and Its Constituents: Role in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015,1-11.
12. 13. Sang S, Hong J, Wu H, Liu J, Yang CS, Pan M, Badmaev V, Ho CT: Increased growth inhibitory effects on human cancer cells and anti-Inflammatory potency of shogaols from Zingiber officinale relative to gingerols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2009, 57(22):10645–10650.
13. 14. Lin CB, Lin CC, Tsay GJ: 6-Gingerol inhibits growth of colon cancer cell LoVo via induction of G2/M Arrest. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 1-7.
14. 15. Radhakrishnan EK, Bava SV, Narayanan SS, Nath LR, Thulasidasan AKT, Soniya EV, Anto RJ: [6]-Gingerol induces Caspase-dependent apoptosis and prevents PMA-induced proliferation in colon cancer cells by Inhibiting MAPK/AP-1 Signaling. PLoS ONE 2014, 9(8):1- 13.
15. 16. Wee LH, Morad NA, Aan GJ, Makpol S, Ngah WZW, Yusof YAM: Mechanism of Chemoprevention against colon cancer cells using combined gelam honey and ginger extract via mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015, 16(15):6549-6556.
16. 17. Park GH, Park JH, Song HM, Eo HJ, Kim MK, Lee JW, Lee MH, Cho KH, Lee JR, Cjo HJ, Jeong JB: Anti-cancer activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaf through the expression of activating transcription factor 3 in human colorectal cancer cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14(408):1-8.
17. 18. Zick SM, Turgeon DK, Vareed SK, Ruffin MT, Litzinger AJ, Wright BD, Alrawi S , Normolle DP, Djuric Z, Brenner DE: Phase II Study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer, Cancer Prevention Research 2011, 4(11):1929–1937.
18. 19. Jiang Y, Turgeon DK, Wright BD, Sidahmed E, Ruffin MT, Brenner DE, Sen A, Zick SM: Effect of ginger root on cyclooxygenase-1 and 15hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in colonic mucosa of humans at normal and increased risk of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2013, 22(5):455–460.
19. 20. Citronberg J, Bostick R, Ahearn T, Turgeon DK, Ruffin MT, Djuric Z, Sen A, Dean E. Brenner DE, Zick SM: Effects of ginger supplementation on cell cycle biomarkers in the normal-appearing colonic mucosa of patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer: Results from a Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Cancer Prevention Research 2013, 6(4):271–281.
20. 21. Plengsuriyakarn T, Viyanant V, Eursitthichai V, Tesana S, Chaijaroenkul W, Itharat A, Na-Bangchang K: Cytotoxicity, toxicity, and anticancer activity of zingiber officinale Roscoe Against Cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012, 13(9):4597-4606.
21. 22. Yue Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Zheng J, Li S, Li HB: Dietary natural products for prevention and treatment of liver cancer. Nutrients 2016, 8(3):156.
22. 23. Mansour MA, Bekheet SA, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Howiriny TA, Al-Rikabi AC, Abdo AA: Ginger ingredients inhibit the development of diethylnitrosoamine induced premalignant phenotype in rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model. Biofactors 2010, 36(6):483–490.
23. 24. Habib SH, Makpol S, Abdul HN, Das S, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA: Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats. Clinics 2008, 63(6):807–813.
24. 25. Vijaya PV, Arul DCS, Ramkuma KM: Induction of apoptosis by ginger in HEp-2 cell line is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2007, 100(5):302–307.
25. 26. Weng CJ, Wu CF, Huang HW, Ho CT, Yen GC: Anti-invasion effects of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, two active components in ginger, on human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2010, 54(11):1618–1627.
26. 27. Yusof YAM, Ahmad N, Das S, Sulaiman S, Murad NA: Chemopreventive efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 2009, 6(1):87-93.
27. 28. Akimoto M, Iizuka M, Kanematsu R, Yoshida M, Takenaga K: Anticancer effect of ginger extract against pancreatic cancer cells mainly through reactive oxygen Species-mediated autotic cell death. Plos One 2015, 10(5):1-22.
28. 29. Karna P, Chagani S, Gundala SR, Rida PCG, Asif G, Sharma V, Gupta MV, Aneja R: Benefits of whole ginger extract in prostate cancer. Br J Nutr 2012, 107(4):473–484.
29. 30. Elkady AI, Abuzinadah OA, Baeshen NA, Rahmy TR: Differential control of growth, apoptotic activity, and gene expression in human breast cancer cells by extracts derived from medicinal herbs Zingiber officinale. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012,1-
30. 31. Ray A, Vasudevan S, Sengupta S: 6-Shogaol inhibits breast cancer cells and stem cell-like spheroids by modulation of Notch Signaling Pathway and induction of autophagic cell death. PLoSONE 2015, 10(9):1-22.
31. 32. Rastogi N, Duggal S, Singh SK, Porwal K, Srivastava VK, Maurya R, Bhatt MLB, Mishra DP: Proteasome inhibition mediates p53 reactivation and anticancer activity of 6-Gingerol in cervical cancer cell. Onkotarget 2015, 6(41):43310-25.
32. 33. Rhode J, Fogoros S, Zick S, Wahl H, Griffith KA, Huang J, Liu JR: Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007, 7(44):1-9.
33. 34. Cheng Yao C, Oh JH, Oh IG, Park CH, Chung JH: [6]-Shogaol inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells through activation of the ERK pathway. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2013, 34 (2013):289–294.
34. 35. Huang HC, Chang SJ, Wu CY, Ke HJ, Chang TM: [6]-Shogaol Inhibits 𝛼-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis through the acceleration of ERK and PI3K/Akt-mediated MITF degradation. BioMed Research International 2014, 1-9.
35. 36. Liu Q, Peng YB, Zhou P, Qi LW, Zhang M, Gao N, Liu EH, Li P: 6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through a process involving caspase-mediated cleavage of eIF2α. Molecular Cancer 2013, 12(135):1-12.
36. 37. Lee DH, Kimb DV, Jungc CH, Leea YJ, Parkd D: Gingerol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death of glioblastoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014, 279(3): 253–265.
37. 38. Liu Y, Whelan RJ, Pattnaik BR, Ludwig K, Subudhi E, Rowland H, Claussen N, Zucker N, Uppal S, Kushner DM, Felder M, Patankar MS, Kapur A: Terpenoids from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) induce apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells through the activation of p53. PLoS ONE 2012, 7(12):1-10.
38. 39. Rahman S, Salehin F, Asif I: In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of young Zingiber officinale against human breast carcinoma cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, 11(76):1-7.