DNA Çift Zincir Kırıklarına Neden Olan Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Ajanlar

Abstract

Endojen ve ekzojen birçok etkene bağlı olarak DNA’da farklı hasarlar oluşabilir. DNA hasarlarının en tehlikelisi ise DNA çift sarmal kırıkları double strand breaks, DSB ’dır. DSB onarımı normalde iki farklı yolla gerçekleştirilir. Ancak, bu onarım yolaklarında meydana gelen herhangi bir bozukluk kanser, yaşlanma ve birçok genetik hastalığa yol açabilir. Fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik ajanların indüklediği reaktif oksijen türleri ROS DSB’na neden olan başlıca etkenlerdir. İyonize radyasyon da dolaylı yolla canlı dokuda yoğun olarak bulunan su molekülüyle etkileşerek oksidatif strese, ROS ve ardından DSB oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Çevresel veya tedavi amaçlı maruz kalınan pek çok kimyasal ajan ya da ilacın antikanser ajanlar, ağır metaller, asbest, ftalatlar, benzen, okratoksin A gibi da DSB’ye neden olduğu yapılan pekçok çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, insanda gastrit ve ülsere neden olan bir bakteri olan Helicobacter pylori’nin de DSB oluşumu üzerine etkileriyle ilgili çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Ayrıca pek çok bakteri toksinin de DSB’ye neden olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu derleme kapsamında DSB’e neden olan fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik ajanlar ve etki mekanizmaları tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

• DNA çift sarmal kırıkları,iyonize edici radyasyon,Helicobacter pylori,oksidatif stres

Physical, chemical and biological agents that cause DNA double strand breaks

Abstract

Endogenous and exogenous factors can cause different types of DNA damages. The most dangerous DNA damage is double strand break DSB . Under normal conditions, DSB repair is substantiated by two different mechanisms. However, any disruption in these repair pathways can cause cancer, aging and different types of genetic disorders. Reactive oxygen species ROS induced by physical, chemical and biological agents are the main causes that lead to the formation of DSBs. In living tissues, ionized radiation can interact with water molecules and can cause oxidative stress and formation of ROS and DSB, respectively. Several chemical agents or drugs that humans are exposed to, by environment or therapy anticancer drugs, heavy metals, asbestos, phthalates, benzene, ochratoxin A , were shown to cause DSB by several studies. Research on DSB causing effects of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes gastritis and ulcer in humans, is still in progress. In addition, several bacterial toxins were stated to cause DSB. This review will mainly focus on agents that cause DSB and their mechanisms of action.

Keywords

• DNA double strand breaks,ionized radiation,Helicobacter pylori,oxidative stress

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