A Mini Review of the Literatures Regarding the Investigation of the Efficacy of the Dosage Forms Containing Metformin (MET) for Use in the Treatment of Periodontitis

Abstract

The main objective of this review is to perform a review of the literature regarding the investigation of the efficacy of the dosage forms (gel and film for local application and nanoparticles for systemic administration) containing metformin (MET) for use in the treatment of periodontitis. The animal study or randomized clinical trials associated with the effects of the dosage forms on the treatment of periodontitis along with/without diabetes were included in this review. Periodontitis includes a wide range of inflammatory conditions. In recent studies, the effects of MET on inflammation, oxidative stress, or bone formation were evaluated in vitro/in vivo. These studies reported that MET decreases inflammatory response, oxidative stress, probing pocket depths (PPD), intrabony defect (IBD) depth, and bone loss. The clinical trials showed that the local delivery of MET using gel or film formulations has caused an improved response to therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. There is only one study on the evaluation of the efficacy of MET-containing dosage forms in diabetic rats with periodontitis. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to assess the effects of MET-containing dosage forms for local or systemic administration on the treatment of periodontitis in the presence of diabetes.

Keywords

• Clinical trials,diabetes,dosage forms,local or systemic application,metformin,periodontitis

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