COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde serbest eczacıların anksiyete düzeyi: İstanbul’da bir kesitsel araştırma

Yıl 2021, , 211 - 220, 01.12.2021

Hüseyin Küçükali , Osman Hayran , Ezgi Duman , Ayyüce Karaca , Aylin Kırıkçı , Onur Çiftci

https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.988353

Cited By: 1

Öz

Eczacılar, 2019 Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) pandemisi döneminde sağlık hizmetlerinin ön saflarında çalışmaktadır. Bu süreçte hastalarla birebir temas halinde olmaları ve çalışma şartlarındaki değişiklikler ruhsal iyilik hallerini etkileyebilir ve anksiyeteye sebep olabilir. Alanyazında COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde, diğer sağlık çalışanlarının ruhsal iyilik halleri ve anksiyete düzeylerine ilişkin araştırmalar mevcut iken araştırmalar eczacıların deneyimini anlamak için yetersizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde İstanbul’da görev yapmakta olan eczacıların anksiyete düzeyini ve onu etkileyebilecek faktörleri tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın evreni İstanbul’daki eczanelerde görev yapan serbest eczacılardır. Kesitsel türdeki bu araştırmada basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile 348 eczane seçilmiştir. Seçilen eczanelere telefon ile ulaşılıp; sosyo- demografik bilgiler, çalışma bilgileri ve COVID-19’a özgü endişeler hakkında sorular ile Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği maddeleri yöneltilmiştir. Örnek gruptaki eczacıların %68,7’ine (n=239) ulaşılmıştır. Pande-
minin 6. ayı itibariyle İstanbul’daki eczacıların anksiyete ölçeği puanı ortalamasının 9,4±10,6 olduğu ve %54,8’inin (n=134) “minimal düzeyde anksiyete” sahibi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber COVID-19’a özgü bazı endişelerinin (hastalığa yakalanma ve çevresine bulaştırma) çok ve aşırı çok hissedildiği ve bu endişelerin genel anksiyete puanını istatistiksel olarak
önemli düzeylerde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç, eczacıların psikolojik olarak pandemiyle başa çıkabildiklerini göstermesi itibariyle halk sağlığı açısından ümit verici olarak yorumlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete, COVID-19, Eczacı, Kaygı, Ruh Sağlığı

Anxiety levels of community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Istanbul

Öz

Community pharmacists have been on the frontlines during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the mental health and anxiety levels of many other health workers are studied in this period, literature is very limited to understand the experience of pharmacists. This study aims to define the anxiety level of community pharmacists in Istanbul during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify possible influencing factors. The population of the study is community pharmacists from pharmacies in Istanbul. In this cross-sectional study, 348 pharmacies are selected by simple random sampling. Participants are approached via telephone and inquired with questions about sociodemographic information, work conditions, COVID-19 specific concerns, and the Beck Anxiety Inven- tory. 239 (68.7%) pharmacists responded. This study identifies that, by the 6th month of the pandemic, the mean anxiety score of the pharmacists in Istanbul is 9.4±10.6, and 54.8% (n=134) of the participants is experiencing “minimal” anxiety. However, they have some COVID-19 specific concerns (becoming infected and transmitting the disease to family or environment) at high and extreme levels. Those concerns significantly increase the anxiety score. The findings of this study are promising for public health, as they show that community pharmacists could cope with the psychological effects of the pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, COVID-19, Mental Health, Community Pharmacists

Kaynakça

• 1. Lee AM, Wong JGWS, McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Sham PC, Chu C-M, Wong P-C, Tsang KWT, Chua SE: Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 2007, 52:233-240.
• 2. Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A: The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. The International journal of social psychiatry 2020, 66:317-320.
• 3. Elbeddini A, Wen CX, Tayefehchamani Y, To A: Mental health issues impacting pharmacists during COVID-19. Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice 2020, 13:46.
• 4. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, Tan H, Kang L, Yao L, Huang M, Wang H, Wang G, Liu Z, Hu S: Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA network open 2020, 3:e203976.
• 5. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJH, Yeo LLL, Ahmad A, Ahmed Khan F, Napolean Shanmugam G, Sharma AK, Komalkumar RN, Meenakshi PV, Shah K, Patel B, Chan BPL, Sunny S, Chandra B, Ong JJY, Paliwal PR, Wong LYH, Sagayanathan R, Chen JT, Ying Ng AY, Teoh HL, Tsivgoulis G, Ho CS, Ho RC, Sharma VK: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2020, 88:559-565.
• 6. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, Yao L, Bai H, Cai Z, Xiang Yang B, Hu S, Zhang K, Wang G, Ma C, Liu Z: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2020, 87:11-17.
• 7. Liu C-Y, Yang Y-Z, Zhang X-M, Xu X, Dou Q-L, Zhang W-W, Cheng ASK: The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiology and infection 2020, 148:e98.
• 8. Hedima EW, Adeyemi MS, Ikunaiye NY: Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs. Research in social & administrative pharmacy: RSAP 2021, 17:1964-1966.
• 9. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2020, 88:901-907.
• 10. Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J: Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. International journal of emergency medicine 2020, 13:40.
• 11. Hoti K, Jakupi A, Hetemi D, Raka D, Hughes J, Desselle S: Provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study of community pharmacists' experiences with preventative measures and sources of information. International journal of clinical pharmacy 2020, 42:1197-1206.
• 12. Hayden JC, Parkin R: The challenges of COVID-19 for community pharmacists and opportunities for the future. Irish journal of psychological medicine 2020, 37:198-203.
• 13. Elbeddini A, Prabaharan T, Almasalkhi S, Tran C: Pharmacists and COVID-19. Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice 2020, 13:36.
• 14. Tüm İstanbul Eczaneleri [https://www.eczaneler.gen.tr/eczaneler/istanbul].
• 15. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H: The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998, 12:163-172.
• 16. Ayhan Başer D, Çevik M, Gümüştakim Ş, Başara E: Assessment of individuals' attitude, knowledge and anxiety towards COVID-19 at the first period of the outbreak in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional survey. International journal of clinical practice 2020, 74:e13622.
• 17. Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG: COVID-19-Pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen Personals. Psychiatrische Praxis 2020, 47:190-197.
• 18. Santabárbara J, Lasheras I, Lipnicki DM, Bueno-Notivol J, Pérez-Moreno M, López-Antón R, La Cámara C de, Lobo A, Gracia-García P: Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2020, 109:110207.
• 19. Sağlık Bakanlığı: Genel Koronavirüs Tablosu [https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html].
• 20. Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş: Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. The International journal of social psychiatry 2020, 66:504-511.
• 21. Giorgi G, Lecca LI, Alessio F, Finstad GL, Bondanini G, Lulli LG, Arcangeli G, Mucci N: COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review. International journal of environmental research and public health 2020, 17.
• 22. Rodriguez RM, Medak AJ, Baumann BM, Lim S, Chinnock B, Frazier R, Cooper RJ: Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians' Anxiety Levels, Stressors, and Potential Stress Mitigation Measures During the Acceleration Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic emergency medicine: official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2020, 27:700-707.