Biyosürfaktanlar

Year 2011, Issue: 1, 71 - 82, 01.01.2011

F.h. Kural R.n. Gürsoy

Abstract

Biyosürfaktanlar, mikroorganizmalar tarafından sentezlenen çeşitli yapılardaki yüzey aktif moleküllerdir. Bu moleküller sulu çözeltilerde yüzey ve yüzeylerarası gerilimi önemli ölçüde düşürürler. Bu amfifilik moleküller genelde suda çözünebilir bir yapıya sahip olup kritik misel konsantrasyonları düşüktür. Diğer kimyasal sürfaktanlara göre bazı avantajları; düşük toksisite, yüksek oranda biyoparçalanabilirlik, çevresel açıdan uyumluluklarıdır. Farmasötik endüstride antibakteriyel, antifungal, antiviral ve adhesiv ajan olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Kozmetikte de sağlık ve güzellik ürünlerinde stabilizan, ıslatıcı, temizleyici ve antimikrobiyal ajan olarak uygulama alanları bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; biyosürfaktanlar, eczacılık, kozmetik ve tıpta gelecek vaad eden moleküllerdir.

Keywords

Biyosürfaktan, yüzey/yüzeylerarası gerilim, eczacılık, kozmetik, tıp

Biosurfactants

Abstract

Biosurfactants are structurally diverse group of surface active molecules synthesized by microorganisms. These molecules reduce surface and interfacial tension in aqueous solutions. These amphiphilic molecules are generally water soluble and have a low critical micelle concentration. In comparison with other chemical surfactants, they possess advantages such as; low toxicity, high biodegradability, and environmental compatiility. They are utilized as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and adhesive agents in pharmaceutical industry. They are also utilized as stabilizing, wetting, cleansing and antimicrobial agents in beauty and health products in cosmetics. In this respect; biosurfactants appear to be promising molecules in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and medicine.

Keywords

Biosurfactant, surface/interfacial tension, pharmaceutics, cosmetic, medicine

References

• Heyd M, Kohnert A, Tan TH, Nusser M, Kirschhofer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Franzreb M and Berensmeier S: Development and trends of biosurfactant analysis and purification using rhamnolipids as an example, Anal Bioanal Chem, 391, 1579-90 (2008)
• Lu JR, Zhao XB and Yaseen M: Biomimetic amphiphiles: Biosurfactants, Curr Opin Colloid In, 12, 60-67 (2007)
• K.K. Gautam VKT: Microbial Surfactants: A Review, J Oleo Sci, 55, 155-166, 2006.
• Mukherjee S, Das P and Sen R: Towards commercial production of microbial surfac- tants, Trends Biotechnol, 24, 509-515 (2006)
• Singh P and Cameotra ss: Potential applications of microbial surfactants in biomedical sciences, Trends Biotechnol, 22, 142-146 (2004)
• Kim KM, Lee JY, Kim CK and Kang JS: Isolation and characterization of surfactin pro- duced by Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2. Arch Pharm Res 32: 711-5 (2009)
• Carrillo C, Teruel JA, Aranda FJ and Ortiz A: Molecular mechanism of membrane permeabilization by the peptide antibiotic surfactin, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1611: 91-7 (2003)
• Shah V, Doncel GF, Seyoum T, Eaton KM, Zalenskaya I, Hagver R, Azim A and Gross R: Sophorolipids, microbial glycolipids with anti-human immunodeficiency virus and sperm-immobilizing activities, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49, 4093-100 (2005)
• http://www.alibaba.com/product-free/12257148/Sopholine_Coq10.html. In.
• Jarvis FG, Johnson, M.J.: A glycolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J Am Chem Soc, 71, 4124-4126 (1949)
• Parra JL, Guinea J, Manresa MA, Robert M, Mercade ME, Comelles F and Bosch MP: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Behavior of Biosurfactants. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 66, 141-145 (1989)
• Patel RM, Desai, A. J.: Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa GS3 From Molasses, Lett Appl Microbiol, 25, 91-94 (1997)
• Abalos A, Pinazo, A., Infante, M. R., Casals, M., Garcia, F., Manresa, A.: Physicochemi- cal and Antimicrobial Properties of New Rhamnolipids Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT10 from Soybean Oil Refinery Wastes, Langmuir 17, 1367-1371, (2001).
• Benincasa M, Abalos A, Oliveira I and Manresa A: Chemical structure, surface proper- ties and biological activities of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI from soapstock, Anton Leeuw Int J G, 85, 1-8 (2004)
• Haba E, Abalos, A., Jauregui, O., Espuny, M.J., Manresa, A.: Use of Liquid Chromatog- raphy-Mass Spectroscopy for Studying the Composition and Properties of Rhamnolip- ids Produced by Different Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J Surfactants Deterg, 6, 155-161 (2003)
• Kretschmer A, Bock H and Wagner F: Chemical and Physical Characterization of Inter- facial-Active Lipids from Rhodococcus erythropolis Grown on n-Alkanes, Appl Environ Microbiol 44, 864-870 (1982)
• Li ZY, Lang S, Wagner F, Witte L and Wray V: Formation and Identification of Interfa- cial-Active Glycolipids from Resting Microbial Cells, Appl Environ Microbiol 48, 610- 617 (1984)
• Mulligan CN: Environmental applications for biosurfactants, Environ Pollut 133, 183- 98 (2005)
• Gorin PAJ, Spencer, J.F.T., Tulloch, A.P.: Hydroxy fatty acid glycosides sophorose from Torulopsis magnoliae, Can J Chem 39, 846-851 (1961)
• Hirata Y, Ryu, M., Oda, Y., Igarashi, K., Nagatsuka, A., Furuta, T., Sugiura, M.: Novel characteristics of sophorolipids, yeast glycolipid biosurfactants, as bioderadable low- foaming surfactants, J Biosci Bioeng 108, 142-146 (2009)
• Hommel R, Stuwer O, Stuber W, Haferburg D and Kleber HP: Production of Water-Sol- uble Surface-Active Exolipids by Torulopsis-Apicola, Appl Microbiol Biot, 26, 199-205 (1987)
• Van Bogaert IN, Saerens K, De Muynck C, Develter D, Soetaert W and Vandamme EJ: Microbial production and application of sophorolipids, Appl Microbiol Biot, 76, 23-34 (2007)
• Hagler M, Smith-Norowitz, T.A., Chice, S., Wallner, S.R., Viterbo, D., Mueller, C.M., Gross, R., Nowakowski, M., Schulze, R., Zenilman, M.E., Bluth, M.H.: Sophorolip- ids Decrease IgE Production in U266 Cells by Downregulation of BSAP (Pax5), TLR-2, STAT3 and IL-6, J Allergy Clin Immun, 119, 263 (2007)
• Krivobok S, Guiraud, P., Seigle-Murandi, F., Steiman, R.: Production and toxicity as- sessment of sophorosides from Torulopsis bombicola, J Agrc Food Chem 42, 1247-1250 (1994)
• http://www.kao.co.jp/en/news/2008/n20080707-01bc.html. In.
• Cavalero DA and Cooper DG: The effect of medium composition on the structure and physical state of sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, J Bio- technol 103, 31-41 (2003)
• Ciriglino MC and Garman GM: Purification and characterization of Liposan, a Bioemul- sifier from Candida lipolytica, Applied Environmental Microbiology 50, 846-850 (1985)
• Kitamoto D, Isoda H and Nakahara T: Functions and potential applications of glycolipid biosurfactants--from energy-saving materials to gene delivery carriers, J Biosci Bioeng 94, 187-201 (2002)
• Rosenberg E and Ron EZ: High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52, 154-62 (1999)
• Cirigliano MC and Carman GM: Isolation of a bioemulsifier from Candida lipolytica, Appl Environ Microbiol 48, 747-50 (1984)
• Rodrigues L, Banat IM, Teixeira J and Oliveira R: Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine, J Antimicrob Chemother 57, 609-18 (2006)
• Kappeli O and Finnerty WR: Partition of alkane by an extracellular vesicle derived from hexadecane-grown Acinetobacter, J Bacteriol 140, 707-12 (1979)
• Arima K, Kakinuma A and Tamura G: Surfactin, a crystalline peptidelipid surfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis: isolation, characterization and its inhibition of fibrin clot formation, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 31, 488-94 (1968)
• McInerney M.J. J, M., Nagle DP Jr.: Properties of the biosurfactant produced by Bacil- lus licheniformis strain JF-2, J Ind Microbiol Biot, 5, 95-101 (1990)
• Horowitz S, Currie, J.K.: Novel Dispersants of Silicon Carbide and Aluminium Nitride, J Disper Sci Technol, 11, 637-659 (1990)
• Vollenbroich D, Ozel M, Vater J, Kamp RM and Pauli G: Mechanism of inactivation of enveloped viruses by the biosurfactant surfactin from Bacillus subtilis, Biologicals 25, 289-97 (1997)
• Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Aboulwafa MM and Hassouna NA: Characterization of surfac- tin produced by Bacillus subtilis isolate BS5, Appl Biochem Biotechnol 150, 289-303 (2008)
• Bernheimer AW and Avigad LS: Nature and properties of a cytolytic agent produced by Bacillus subtilis, J Gen Microbiol 61, 361-9 (1970)
• Kracht M, Rokos H, Ozel M, Kowall M, Pauli G and Vater J: Antiviral and hemolytic activities of surfactin isoforms and their methyl ester derivatives, J Antibiot (Tokyo) 52, 613-9 (1999)
• Seydlova G and Svobodova J: Review of surfactin chemical properties and the potential biomedical applications, Cent Eur J Med, 3, 123-133 (2008)
• Grau A, Gomez Fernandez JC, Peypoux F and Ortiz A: A study on the interactions of surfactin with phospholipid vesicles, Biochim Biophys Acta 1418, 307-19 (1999)
• Francius G, Dufour S, Deleu M, Paquot M, Mingeot-Leclercq MP and Dufrene YF: Na- noscale membrane activity of surfactins: influence of geometry, charge and hydropho- bicity, Biochim Biophys Acta 1778, 2058-68 (2008)
• Nicolas JP: Molecular dynamics simulation of surfactin molecules at the water-hexane interface, Biophys J 85, 1377-91 (2003)
• Ishigami Y, Osman M, Nakahara H, Sano Y, Ishiguro R and Matsumoto M: Significance of Beta-Sheet Formation for Micellization and Surface-Adsorption of Surfactin, Colloıd Surface B, 4, 341-348 (1995)
• Peypoux F, Bonmatin JM and Wallach J: Recent trends in the biochemistry of surfactin, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51, 553-63 (1999)
• Mireles JR, 2nd, Toguchi A and Harshey RM: Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium swarming mutants with altered biofilm-forming abilities: surfactin inhibits biofilm for- mation, J Bacteriol 183, 5848-54 (2001)
• Vollenbroich D, Pauli G, Ozel M and Vater J: Antimycoplasma properties and applica- tion in cell culture of surfactin, a lipopeptide antibiotic from Bacillus subtilis, Appl Environ Microbiol 63, 44-9 (1997)
• Kural FH, Gürsoy RN: Formulation and characterization of Surfactin-Containing Self- Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SF_SMEDDS), Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy 30(2), 171-186 (2010)