Industry-Patient-Friendly Tadalafil Oral Spray: Statistical Development, Functionality and In-Vivo Taste Assessment
Year 2025,
Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 43 - 56, 01.03.2025
Hardik Rana
,
Vaishali Gandhi
,
Tejal Gandhi
Abstract
The current work aimed to design a new patient-friendly Tadalafil (TDL) oral spray for management of erectile dysfunction employing concept of advanced data mining and analytical tools. An inclusion complex of TDL: Dexolve®, was formulated and characterized for its physicochemical properties. Phase solubility study suggested a 1:1 ratio of TDL: Dexolve® showed higher solubility. FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies confirmed the partial alteration of crystalline to amorphous. The complex assessed in-vivo for taste masking inculcating the Brief
Access Taste Aversion (BATA) model, indicated the taste masking of TDL. The complex was incorporated into spray formulation using water: ethanol, Vitamin D and HPMC E5. MLRA and ANOVA depicted the crucial correlation between amount of ethanol and HPMC E5 with spray pattern and % TDL release. The results of characterization suggested that it covered the maximum area of the oral cavity, indicated uniform distribution and more absorption. The design batches were evaluated for varied oral spray-related parameters and stability studies. The formulation was found stable and released TDL immediately. Dexolve® was found to be a promising multifunctional excipient. The oral spray prepared was environmentally friendly as it is propellant-free. The newer stable and immediateacting spray improves release of TDL and is patient-friendly.
References
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V. Drug delivery options and therapeutic advances in the
management of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Drug Deliv.
2020;17(9):1259–68. 10.1080/17425247.2020.1782383
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Update of Erectile Dysfunction in Eight Countries
with High Burden. Sex Med Rev. 2020;8(1):48–58. 10.1016/j.
sxmr.2019.06.008
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on overactive bladder: A scientometric approach. Int J
Gen Med. 2023;16:5729–41. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fsurg.2022.1078052
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Shaharudin AB, Kassim MSA, et al. Prevalence and associated
factors of moderate to severe erectile dysfunction among
adult men in Malaysia. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):1–10. 10.1038/
s41598-023-48778-y
- 5. Shiferaw WS, Akalu TY, Aynalem YA. Prevalence of Erectile
Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association
with Body Mass Index and Glycated Hemoglobin in
Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol.
2020;2020. 10.1155/2020/5148370
- 6. Pang K, Pan D, Xu H, Ma Y, Wang J, Xu P, et al. Advances
in physical diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction.
Front Physiol. 2023;13(January 2023):1–14. 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096741
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2004;52(4):213–6.
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Assessment and management in primary care. Singapore
Med J. 2024;65(3):190–4. 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2022-
101
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I, et al. Investigating self-reported efficacy of lifestyle medicine
approaches to tackle erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional
eSurvey based study. BMC Urol. 2023;23(1):1–12. 10.1186/
s12894-023-01180-2
- 10. Yu X, Tian T, Han W, Zhang X, Wang Q. Attitudes and preferences
towards erectile dysfunction treatment among men
with fertility needs: insights from a clinical study. Sci Rep.
2024;14(1):22256. 10.1038/s41598-024-73328-5
- 11. Gurbel PA, Jeong YH, Tantry US. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
[Internet]. Padda I, Tripp J, editors. NCBI Bookshelf. Pubmed;
2021. 1–17 p. 10.1016/B978-0-12-813456-6.00054-0
- 12. Zhao ZL, Peng D, Liu X, Li XC, Lan LJ, Wu XH, et al. Formulation
and characterization of tadalafil-loaded orodispersible
films with enhanced dissolution rate and membrane permeability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;84(June):1–5. 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104535
- 13. Mehanna MM, Mneimneh AT, Domiati S, Allam AN. Tadalafil-
loaded limonene-based orodispersible tablets: Formulation,
in vitro characterization and in vivo appraisal of gastroprotective
activity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:10099–112.10.2147/IJN.S288552
- 14. Shukla SK, Chan A, Parvathaneni V, Kanabar DD, Patel K,
Ayehunie S, et al. Enhanced solubility, stability, permeation
and anti-cancer efficacy of Celastrol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion
complex. J Mol Liq. 2020;318:113936. 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113936
- 15. Sid D, Baitiche M, Elbahri Z, Djerboua F, Boutahala M,
Bouaziz Z, et al. Solubility enhancement of mefenamic
acid by inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin: in silico
modelling, formulation, characterisation, and in vitro
studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36(1):605–17.
10.1080/14756366.2020.1869225
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Alshehri A. Stimulatory Effects of Soluplus ® on Flufenamic
Acid β -Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex : Physicochemical
Characterization and Pre-clinical Anti-in fl ammatory
Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(5):145–57.
- 17. Wang H, Wang S, Zhu H, Wang S, Xing J. Inclusion complexes
of lycopene and β-cyclodextrin: Preparation, characterization,
stability and antioxidant activity. Antioxidants. 2019;8:314.
10.3390/antiox8080314
- 18. Han J, Tang M, Yang Y, Sun W, Yue Z, Zhang Y, et al. Amorphous
solid dispersions: Stability mechanism, design strategy and
key production technique of hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm.
2023;646(November):1–8. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123490
- 19. Bakirova R, Nukhuly A, Iskineyeva A, Fazylov S, Burkeyev
M, Mustafayeva A, et al. Obtaining and Investigation of the β
-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with Vitamin D 3 Oil Solution.
Hindawi Sci. 2020;2020. 10.1155/2020/6148939
- 20. Lopes MS, Catelani TA, Nascimento ALCS, Garcia JS, Trevisan
MG. Ketoconazole: compatibility with pharmaceutical excipients
using DSC and TG techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim.
2020;141(4):1371–8. 10.1007/s10973-019-09137-0
- 21. Muqtader Ahmed M, Fatima F, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A,
Soliman GA, Shaikh AA, et al. Development of spray-dried
amorphous solid dispersions of tadalafil using glycyrrhizin
for enhanced dissolution and aphrodisiac activity in
male rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(12):1817–26. 10.1016/j.
jsps.2020.11.007
- 22. Rana H, Panchal M, Thakkar V, Gandhi T, Dholakia M. Investigating
in-vitro functionality and in-vivo taste assessment of
eco-friendly Tadalafil Pastilles. Heliyon. 2024;10(8):e29543.
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29543
- 23. Mai NNS, Otsuka Y, Kawano Y, Hanawa T. Preparation and
characterization of solid dispersions composed of curcumin,
hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate
by grinding with vibrational ball milling. Pharmaceuticals.
2020;13(11):1–15. 10.3390/ph13110383
- 24. Aminu N, Chan S-Y, Mumuni MA, Umar NM, Tanko N, Zauro
SA, et al. Physicochemical compatibility studies of triclosan
and flurbiprofen with excipients of pharmaceutical formulation
using binary, ternary, and multi-combination approach.
Futur J Pharm Sci. 2021;7(1). 10.1186/s43094-021-00302-7
- 25. Mondal S, Sirvi A, Jadhav K, Sangamwar AT. Supersaturating
lipid-based solid dispersion of atazanavir provides enhanced
solubilization and supersaturation in the digestive aqueous
phase. Int J Pharm. 2023;638(May):1–10. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.
2023.122919
- 26. Cheung LC, Nguyen M, Tang E, von Ungern Sternberg BS,
Salman S, Tuleu C, et al. Taste evaluation of a novel midazolam
tablet for pediatric patients: In vitro drug dissolution,
in vivo animal taste aversion and clinical taste perception
profiles. Int J Pharm. 2018;535(1–2):194–200. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.
2017.10.060
- 27. Clapham D, Belissa E, Inghelbrecht S, Pensé-Lhéritier AM,
Ruiz F, Sheehan L, et al. A Guide to Best Practice in Sensory
Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations. Pharmaceutics.
2023;15(9). 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092319
- 28. Sugibayashi K, Yamamoto N, Itakura S, Okada A, Hijikuro
I, Todo H. Development of spray formulations applied to the
oral mucosa using non-lamellar liquid crystal-forming lipids.
Chem Pharm Bull. 2020;68(11):1025–33. 10.1248/cpb.c20-
00333
- 29. Sipos B, Katona G, Csóka I. A systematic, knowledge spacebased
proposal on quality by design-driven polymeric micelle
development. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050702
- 30. Dhote V, Dangi U, Mandloi AS, Soni M, Shukla DN, Kawadkar
M, et al. Preferential cyclooxygenase inhibition by Jasminum
sambac: A possible relationship with potent anti-arthritic
activity. J Tradit Complement Med. 2021;11(3):217–27.
10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.04.002
- 31. de Barros C, Aranha N, Severino P, Souto EB, Zielińska A, Lopes
A, et al. Quality by design approach for the development
of liposome carrying ghrelin for intranasal administration.
Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050686
- 32. Gunda RK, Manchineni PR. Statistical design and optimization
of sustained release formulations of pravastatin.
Turkish J Pharm Sci. 2020;17(2):221–7. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.
2019.70048
- 33. Rana H, Dholakia M, Gohel M, Omri A, Thakkar V, Gandhi
T. Demonstration of Advanced Data Mining Tools for Optimization
of Pellets Employing Modified Extrusion-pelletization
Technique. Curr Drug ther. 2020;16(2):154–69. 10.2174/1574
885515999201217155123
- 34. Umar AK, Butarbutar M, Sriwidodo S, Wathoni N. Filmforming
sprays for topical drug delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther.
2020;14:2909–25. 10.2147/DDDT.S256666
- 35. Ruwaida W. Abdo, Najlaa Saadi NIH and YAS. Evaluation of
Pharmaceutical Aerosols. In: Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier;
2020. p. 580–614. 10.1016/B978-0-12-814487-9.00012-0579
- 36. Aravindhanthan V. Sublingual spray: a new technology oriented
formulation with multiple benefits. Int J Res Pharm Sci.
2019;10(4):2875–85. 10.1144/gsl.mem.1999.018.01.02
- 37. Shah M, Patel D. Development and characterization of tadalafil
solid dispersion using skimmed milk for improved the
solubility and dissolution release profile. Res J Pharm Technol.
2020;13(12):6212–7. 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01083.5
- 38. Basu S, Holbrook LT, Kudlaty K, Fasanmade O, Wu J, Burke
A, et al. Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved
nasal drug delivery. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–18. 10.1038/
s41598-020-66716-0
- 39. Peng Y, Via B. The effect of cellulose nanocrystal suspension
treatment on suspension viscosity and casted film property.
Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(13). 10.3390/polym13132168
- 40. Bartos C, Szabó-Révész P, Horváth T, Varga P, Ambrus R.
Comparison of modern in vitro permeability methods with
the aim of investigation nasal dosage forms. Pharmaceutics.
2021;13(6). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060846
- 41. ICH. ICH harmonised tripartite guideline stability testing of
New drug substances and products Q1A (R2). Stability Testing
of New Drug Substances and Products 2003 p. 24.
- 42. Lin SY. Current and potential applications of simultaneous
DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy for pharmaceutical analysis.
J Food Drug Anal. 2021;29(2):182–202. 10.38212/2224-
6614.3345
- 43. Shan X, Moghul MA, Williams AC, Khutoryanskiy V V. Mutual
effects of hydrogen bonding and polymer hydrophobicity
on ibuprofen crystal inhibition in solid dispersions with
poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(2-oxazolines). Pharmaceutics.
2021;13(5).
Year 2025,
Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 43 - 56, 01.03.2025
Hardik Rana
,
Vaishali Gandhi
,
Tejal Gandhi
References
- 1. Grice PT, Liu J, Gabrielson AT, Pearce I, Bivalacqua TJ, Modgil
V. Drug delivery options and therapeutic advances in the
management of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Drug Deliv.
2020;17(9):1259–68. 10.1080/17425247.2020.1782383
- 2. Goldstein I, Goren A, Li VW, Tang WY, Hassan TA. Epidemiology
Update of Erectile Dysfunction in Eight Countries
with High Burden. Sex Med Rev. 2020;8(1):48–58. 10.1016/j.
sxmr.2019.06.008
- 3. Kaabi Y. Comprehensive analysis of global research
on overactive bladder: A scientometric approach. Int J
Gen Med. 2023;16:5729–41. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fsurg.2022.1078052
- 4. Rezali MS, Mohamad Anuar MF, Abd Razak MA, Chong ZL,
Shaharudin AB, Kassim MSA, et al. Prevalence and associated
factors of moderate to severe erectile dysfunction among
adult men in Malaysia. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):1–10. 10.1038/
s41598-023-48778-y
- 5. Shiferaw WS, Akalu TY, Aynalem YA. Prevalence of Erectile
Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association
with Body Mass Index and Glycated Hemoglobin in
Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol.
2020;2020. 10.1155/2020/5148370
- 6. Pang K, Pan D, Xu H, Ma Y, Wang J, Xu P, et al. Advances
in physical diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction.
Front Physiol. 2023;13(January 2023):1–14. 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096741
- 7. Sooriyamoorthy T. Erectile dysfunction. J Med Liban.
2004;52(4):213–6.
- 8. Ong YN, Tan YG, Handayani D, How CH. Erectile dysfunction:
Assessment and management in primary care. Singapore
Med J. 2024;65(3):190–4. 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2022-
101
- 9. El-Osta A, Kerr G, Alaa A, El Asmar ML, Karki M, Webber
I, et al. Investigating self-reported efficacy of lifestyle medicine
approaches to tackle erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional
eSurvey based study. BMC Urol. 2023;23(1):1–12. 10.1186/
s12894-023-01180-2
- 10. Yu X, Tian T, Han W, Zhang X, Wang Q. Attitudes and preferences
towards erectile dysfunction treatment among men
with fertility needs: insights from a clinical study. Sci Rep.
2024;14(1):22256. 10.1038/s41598-024-73328-5
- 11. Gurbel PA, Jeong YH, Tantry US. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
[Internet]. Padda I, Tripp J, editors. NCBI Bookshelf. Pubmed;
2021. 1–17 p. 10.1016/B978-0-12-813456-6.00054-0
- 12. Zhao ZL, Peng D, Liu X, Li XC, Lan LJ, Wu XH, et al. Formulation
and characterization of tadalafil-loaded orodispersible
films with enhanced dissolution rate and membrane permeability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;84(June):1–5. 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104535
- 13. Mehanna MM, Mneimneh AT, Domiati S, Allam AN. Tadalafil-
loaded limonene-based orodispersible tablets: Formulation,
in vitro characterization and in vivo appraisal of gastroprotective
activity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:10099–112.10.2147/IJN.S288552
- 14. Shukla SK, Chan A, Parvathaneni V, Kanabar DD, Patel K,
Ayehunie S, et al. Enhanced solubility, stability, permeation
and anti-cancer efficacy of Celastrol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion
complex. J Mol Liq. 2020;318:113936. 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113936
- 15. Sid D, Baitiche M, Elbahri Z, Djerboua F, Boutahala M,
Bouaziz Z, et al. Solubility enhancement of mefenamic
acid by inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin: in silico
modelling, formulation, characterisation, and in vitro
studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36(1):605–17.
10.1080/14756366.2020.1869225
- 16. Alshehri S, Imam SS, Altamimi MA, Hussain A, Shakeel F,
Alshehri A. Stimulatory Effects of Soluplus ® on Flufenamic
Acid β -Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex : Physicochemical
Characterization and Pre-clinical Anti-in fl ammatory
Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(5):145–57.
- 17. Wang H, Wang S, Zhu H, Wang S, Xing J. Inclusion complexes
of lycopene and β-cyclodextrin: Preparation, characterization,
stability and antioxidant activity. Antioxidants. 2019;8:314.
10.3390/antiox8080314
- 18. Han J, Tang M, Yang Y, Sun W, Yue Z, Zhang Y, et al. Amorphous
solid dispersions: Stability mechanism, design strategy and
key production technique of hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm.
2023;646(November):1–8. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123490
- 19. Bakirova R, Nukhuly A, Iskineyeva A, Fazylov S, Burkeyev
M, Mustafayeva A, et al. Obtaining and Investigation of the β
-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with Vitamin D 3 Oil Solution.
Hindawi Sci. 2020;2020. 10.1155/2020/6148939
- 20. Lopes MS, Catelani TA, Nascimento ALCS, Garcia JS, Trevisan
MG. Ketoconazole: compatibility with pharmaceutical excipients
using DSC and TG techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim.
2020;141(4):1371–8. 10.1007/s10973-019-09137-0
- 21. Muqtader Ahmed M, Fatima F, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A,
Soliman GA, Shaikh AA, et al. Development of spray-dried
amorphous solid dispersions of tadalafil using glycyrrhizin
for enhanced dissolution and aphrodisiac activity in
male rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(12):1817–26. 10.1016/j.
jsps.2020.11.007
- 22. Rana H, Panchal M, Thakkar V, Gandhi T, Dholakia M. Investigating
in-vitro functionality and in-vivo taste assessment of
eco-friendly Tadalafil Pastilles. Heliyon. 2024;10(8):e29543.
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29543
- 23. Mai NNS, Otsuka Y, Kawano Y, Hanawa T. Preparation and
characterization of solid dispersions composed of curcumin,
hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate
by grinding with vibrational ball milling. Pharmaceuticals.
2020;13(11):1–15. 10.3390/ph13110383
- 24. Aminu N, Chan S-Y, Mumuni MA, Umar NM, Tanko N, Zauro
SA, et al. Physicochemical compatibility studies of triclosan
and flurbiprofen with excipients of pharmaceutical formulation
using binary, ternary, and multi-combination approach.
Futur J Pharm Sci. 2021;7(1). 10.1186/s43094-021-00302-7
- 25. Mondal S, Sirvi A, Jadhav K, Sangamwar AT. Supersaturating
lipid-based solid dispersion of atazanavir provides enhanced
solubilization and supersaturation in the digestive aqueous
phase. Int J Pharm. 2023;638(May):1–10. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.
2023.122919
- 26. Cheung LC, Nguyen M, Tang E, von Ungern Sternberg BS,
Salman S, Tuleu C, et al. Taste evaluation of a novel midazolam
tablet for pediatric patients: In vitro drug dissolution,
in vivo animal taste aversion and clinical taste perception
profiles. Int J Pharm. 2018;535(1–2):194–200. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.
2017.10.060
- 27. Clapham D, Belissa E, Inghelbrecht S, Pensé-Lhéritier AM,
Ruiz F, Sheehan L, et al. A Guide to Best Practice in Sensory
Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations. Pharmaceutics.
2023;15(9). 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092319
- 28. Sugibayashi K, Yamamoto N, Itakura S, Okada A, Hijikuro
I, Todo H. Development of spray formulations applied to the
oral mucosa using non-lamellar liquid crystal-forming lipids.
Chem Pharm Bull. 2020;68(11):1025–33. 10.1248/cpb.c20-
00333
- 29. Sipos B, Katona G, Csóka I. A systematic, knowledge spacebased
proposal on quality by design-driven polymeric micelle
development. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050702
- 30. Dhote V, Dangi U, Mandloi AS, Soni M, Shukla DN, Kawadkar
M, et al. Preferential cyclooxygenase inhibition by Jasminum
sambac: A possible relationship with potent anti-arthritic
activity. J Tradit Complement Med. 2021;11(3):217–27.
10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.04.002
- 31. de Barros C, Aranha N, Severino P, Souto EB, Zielińska A, Lopes
A, et al. Quality by design approach for the development
of liposome carrying ghrelin for intranasal administration.
Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(5). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050686
- 32. Gunda RK, Manchineni PR. Statistical design and optimization
of sustained release formulations of pravastatin.
Turkish J Pharm Sci. 2020;17(2):221–7. 10.4274/tjps.galenos.
2019.70048
- 33. Rana H, Dholakia M, Gohel M, Omri A, Thakkar V, Gandhi
T. Demonstration of Advanced Data Mining Tools for Optimization
of Pellets Employing Modified Extrusion-pelletization
Technique. Curr Drug ther. 2020;16(2):154–69. 10.2174/1574
885515999201217155123
- 34. Umar AK, Butarbutar M, Sriwidodo S, Wathoni N. Filmforming
sprays for topical drug delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther.
2020;14:2909–25. 10.2147/DDDT.S256666
- 35. Ruwaida W. Abdo, Najlaa Saadi NIH and YAS. Evaluation of
Pharmaceutical Aerosols. In: Drug Delivery Systems. Elsevier;
2020. p. 580–614. 10.1016/B978-0-12-814487-9.00012-0579
- 36. Aravindhanthan V. Sublingual spray: a new technology oriented
formulation with multiple benefits. Int J Res Pharm Sci.
2019;10(4):2875–85. 10.1144/gsl.mem.1999.018.01.02
- 37. Shah M, Patel D. Development and characterization of tadalafil
solid dispersion using skimmed milk for improved the
solubility and dissolution release profile. Res J Pharm Technol.
2020;13(12):6212–7. 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.01083.5
- 38. Basu S, Holbrook LT, Kudlaty K, Fasanmade O, Wu J, Burke
A, et al. Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved
nasal drug delivery. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–18. 10.1038/
s41598-020-66716-0
- 39. Peng Y, Via B. The effect of cellulose nanocrystal suspension
treatment on suspension viscosity and casted film property.
Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(13). 10.3390/polym13132168
- 40. Bartos C, Szabó-Révész P, Horváth T, Varga P, Ambrus R.
Comparison of modern in vitro permeability methods with
the aim of investigation nasal dosage forms. Pharmaceutics.
2021;13(6). 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060846
- 41. ICH. ICH harmonised tripartite guideline stability testing of
New drug substances and products Q1A (R2). Stability Testing
of New Drug Substances and Products 2003 p. 24.
- 42. Lin SY. Current and potential applications of simultaneous
DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy for pharmaceutical analysis.
J Food Drug Anal. 2021;29(2):182–202. 10.38212/2224-
6614.3345
- 43. Shan X, Moghul MA, Williams AC, Khutoryanskiy V V. Mutual
effects of hydrogen bonding and polymer hydrophobicity
on ibuprofen crystal inhibition in solid dispersions with
poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(2-oxazolines). Pharmaceutics.
2021;13(5).