The Future of Terrorism

Mehmet Erkin Kara

doi:10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600

The Future of Terrorism

Abstract

The dramatic rise of terrorism has accelerated after the 9/11 attacks, and it has comprehensively affected the world within the public eyes and academic world. Although every human being uses the term terrorism and knows what a terrorist’s methods are, most of them cannot explain properly the meaning of terrorism or the theory of terrorism. Evaluating the modern history of terrorism is very difficult to categorise too. Furthermore, there are a lot of definitions and descriptions of terrorism in the academic world. However, there is no prominent consensus about its definition and description in the international community. However, David Rapoport’s academic article “The Four Waves of Terrorism” has been accepted as the most respectful analysed theory which is about history of modern international terrorism in the security and terrorism studies literature. According to his theory, terrorism waves emerge, peak, and recede in a wavelike pattern. The first wave began with anarchist terrorism, and they have been currently going on with the fourth wave of terrorism, which is a religion wave. Numerous studies were conducted after his four waves of modern terrorism theory. Most of them have searched for the fifth waves that may be seen in the future. But they have not been as influential as David Rapoport’s four waves of terrorism theory. From this perspective, this study aims to add a new accessible approach for the fifth wave of terrorism. Thus, it simply seeks to fulfil this need.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Security

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mehmet Erkin Kara ^*
0000-0001-9546-6847
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 28, 2025

Submission Date

February 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 2 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA38AT47UE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kara, M. E. (2025). The Future of Terrorism. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600

AMA

1.Kara ME. The Future of Terrorism. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice. 2025;2(1):1-12. doi:10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600

Chicago

Kara, Mehmet Erkin. 2025. “The Future of Terrorism”. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice 2 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600.

EndNote

Kara ME (August 1, 2025) The Future of Terrorism. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice 2 1 1–12.

IEEE

[1]M. E. Kara, “The Future of Terrorism”, Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600.

ISNAD

Kara, Mehmet Erkin. “The Future of Terrorism”. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice 2/1 (August 1, 2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600.

JAMA

1.Kara ME. The Future of Terrorism. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice. 2025;2:1–12.

MLA

Kara, Mehmet Erkin. “The Future of Terrorism”. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice, vol. 2, no. 1, Aug. 2025, pp. 1-12, doi:10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600.

Vancouver

1.Mehmet Erkin Kara. The Future of Terrorism. Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice. 2025 Aug. 1;2(1):1-12. doi:10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600