Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Effect of Changes in Rehabilitation Practice Methods on the Reading Performance of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders During the Pandemic Process: A Pilot Study

Yıl 2021, , 509 - 526, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.972798

Öz

Objective: During the pandemic process, all individuals, including children, had difficulties in fulfilling their roles and children with neurodevelopmental disorders faced many difficulties in attending therapies since the pandemic began. This study was aimed to investigate the change in the occupational performance of the children with neurodevelopmental disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Material and Method: Children aged 2-13 years with neurodevelopmental disorders and their caregivers (n=40) were included in the study from Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, pediatric unit. After pandemic, the children with neurodevelopmental disabilities who came to the clinic for occupational therapy were diluted and some of them continued face-to-face therapies, while others continued their therapy with the tele-rehabilitation method. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was applied to caregivers twice, in March 2020 and March 2021. In addition, in the second evaluation, the Life Participation For Parents Scale was used to measure the participation status of the families. Analyzes were examined with the Mann Whitney U test and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient.
Results: Even though the change in occupational performance was clinically significant in children who received therapy face-to-face, but there was no statistically significant change in occupational performances with either method (p>0.05). It is seen that there is a positive, weak and moderate relationship between the Life Participation For Parents Scale and the Occupational Performance satisfaction score (p=0.047, r=0.304), while there is no significant relationship between the Life Participation For Parents Scale and the Occupational Performance performance score (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was no significant change found in the occupational performance (performance and satisfaction) scores during the pandemic. The reason may have been participants' desires and situations to continue the therapies were affected negatively and the level of anxiety of families was increased. In addition, the reason why the Life Participation For Parents Scale is only related to the measurement of ocupational performance satisfaction suggests that this scale provides information on the level of satisfaction with their participation.

Kaynakça

  • Balıkçı, A. (2013). Duyu Bütünleme Terapisinde Çevresel Düzenleme ve Materyalin Önemi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 1(2), 97-99. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2013108
  • Ben-Pazi, H., Beni-Adani, L., ve Lamdan, R. (2020). Accelerating Telemedicine for Cerebral Palsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Front Neurol, 11, 746 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00746.
  • Brennan, D., Tindall, L., Theodoros, D., Brown, J., Campbell, M., Christiana, D., . . . Lee, A. (2010). A blueprint for telerehabilitation guidelines. Int J Telerehabil, 2(2), 31-34 doi:10.5195/ijt.2010.6063.
  • Bumin, G., Akel, B., ve Öksüz, Ç. (2019). Ergoterapi Teoriler, Modeller ve Uygulama Yaklaşımları. Ankara: Hipokrat.
  • Bumin , G., Akyürek, G., Çelik, Z., ve Yıldız, B. (2018). The parents participation of life validity and reliability of Turkish version. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60. (supp2).
  • Cacioppo, M., Bouvier, S., Bailly, R., Houx, L., Lempereur, M., Mensah-Gourmel, J., . . . Pons, C. (2020). Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 101429 doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.08.001.
  • Cangür, Ş., Civan, G., Çoban, S., Mazhar, K., Karakoç, H., Budak, S., . . . Ankaralı, H. (2013). Düzce ilinde bedensel ve/veya zihinsel engelli bireylere sahip ailelerin toplumsal yaşama katılımlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Aleem, A., Dulebohn, S. C., ve Di Napoli, R. (2021). Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.
  • Caughlin, S., Mehta, S., Corriveau, H., Eng, J. J., Eskes, G., Kairy, D., . . . Teasell, R. (2020). Implementing Telerehabilitation After Stroke: Lessons Learned from Canadian Trials. Telemed J E Health, 26(6), 710-719 doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0097.
  • D Leochico, C. F. (2020). Adoption of telerehabilitation in a developing country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 63(6), 563-564 doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.06.001.
  • Fingerhut, P. E. (2005). The impact of caring for children with special needs on the ability of parents/caregivers to engage in occupations to support participation: Texas Woman's University.
  • Hammell, K. W. (2020). Engagement in living during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing occupational disruption. Occupational Therapy Now, 22, 7-8. Imran, N., Zeshan, M., ve Pervaiz, Z. (2020). Mental health considerations for children & adolescents in COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci, 36(Covid19-s4), S67-s72 doi:10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2759.
  • Jeste, S., Hyde, C., Distefano, C., Halladay, A., Ray, S., Porath, M., . . . Thurm, A. (2020). Changes in access to educational and healthcare services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities during COVID-19 restrictions. J Intellect Disabil Res doi:10.1111/jir.12776.
  • Kahraman, T. Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) Pandemisi ve Telerehabilitasyon. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 87-92.
  • Kars, S., ve Akı, E. (2019). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Oyun Davranışlarının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(1), 53-62.
  • Köksal, G., ve Kabasakal, Z. (2012). Zihinsel Engelli Çocukları Olan Ebeveynlerin Yaşamlarında Algıladıkları Stresi Yordayan Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(32), 71-91.
  • Kutlu, R. (2020). What We Have Learned About The New Coronavirus Pandemic, Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches and The Situation in Turkey. TJFMPC, 14(2), 329-344. Retrieved from http://www.tjfmpc.gen.tr/tjfmpc_022016/tjfmpc_022016_0001040_doc_pdf_other_files/articles_pdf/2020_6_14_2_25.pdf
  • Longo, E., de Campos, A. C., ve Schiariti, V. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Is This a Good Time for Implementation of Home Programs for Children's Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? Phys Occup Ther Pediatr, 40(4), 361-364 doi:10.1080/01942638.2020.1759947.
  • Mullin, A., Gokhale, A., Moreno-De-Luca, A., Sanyal, S., Waddington, J., ve Faundez, V. (2013). Neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanisms and boundary definitions from genomes, interactomes and proteomes. Translational psychiatry, 3(12), e329-e329. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2013108
  • Mynard, L. (2020). Gone viral: the global spread of an occupational therapy COVID-19 resource. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 76(2), 82-85 doi:10.1080/14473828.2020.1804136.
  • Neece, C., McIntyre, L. L., ve Fenning, R. (2020). Examining the impact of COVID-19 in ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res, 64(10), 739-749 doi:10.1111/jir.12769.
  • Nizzero, A., Cote, P., ve Cramm, H. (2017). Occupational disruption: A scoping review. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(2), 114-127 doi:10.1080/14427591.2017.1306791.
  • Nuara, A., Fabbri-Destro, M., Scalona, E., Lenzi, S. E., Rizzolatti, G., ve Avanzini, P. (2021). Telerehabilitation in response to constrained physical distance: an opportunity to rethink neurorehabilitative routines. J Neurol, 1-12 doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10397-w.
  • Öztürk, O., ve Bayraktar, D. (2020). Pandemilerin Şafağında: COVID-19 ve Fiziksel İnaktivite. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 143-146.
  • Rao, P. T. (2021). A Paradigm Shift in the Delivery of Physical Therapy Services for Children With Disabilities in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Phys Ther, 101(1) doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa192.
  • Salehi, F., Parvin, R., Mahmood, M., Hooshang, D., ve Ahmad Reza, B. (2017). Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Its Relationship With Severity of Disorder and Child’s Occupational Performance. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 11(3), 167-174. Retrieved from https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/99
  • Sarsak, H. (2020). Telerehabilitation services: A successful paradigm for occupational therapy clinical services. J Int Soc Phys Rehabil Med, 5(2), 93-98.
  • Shih, H. I., Wu, C. J., Tu, Y. F., ve Chi, C. Y. (2020). Fighting COVID-19: A quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines. Biomed J, 43(4), 341-354 doi:10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.021.
  • Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., ve Caffery, L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Telemed Telecare, 26(5), 309-313 doi:10.1177/1357633x20916567.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., . . . Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg, 76, 71-76 doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.
  • Stein, J., Visco, C. J., ve Barbuto, S. (2020). Rehabilitation Medicine Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 99(7), 573-579 doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001470.
  • Tekin, N. (2020). Covid-19 Infection Experience of a Family Phycisian in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(2), 166-170. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tjfmpc/article/731521
  • Thapar, A., Cooper, M., ve Rutter, M. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 339-346 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30376-5.
  • Thapar, A., Pine, D., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., ve Taylor, E. A. (2017). Rutter's child and adolescent psychiatry: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Thompson, L. A., ve Rasmussen, S. A. (2021). Potentials of Telerehabilitation for Families of Children With Special Health Care Needs During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency-Reply. JAMA Pediatr, 175(1), 105-106 doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2357.
  • Torpil, B. (2017). Multipl Skleroz’lu bireylerde Kanada Aktivite Performans Ölçümü’nün Türkçe kültürel adaptasyonu, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. (master’s thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. (87)
  • VanLeit, B., ve Crowe, T. K. (2002). Outcomes of an occupational therapy program for mothers of children with disabilities: impact on satisfaction with time use and occupational performance. Am J Occup Ther, 56(4), 402-410 doi:10.5014/ajot.56.4.402.

Pandemi Sürecinde Rehabilitasyon Uygulama Yöntemlerindeki Değişimin Nörogelişimsel Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Okupasyonel Performansları Üzerine Etkisi: Pilot Çalışma

Yıl 2021, , 509 - 526, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.972798

Öz

Amaç: Pandemi sürecinde kısıtlamalar ile çocuklar da dahil olmak üzere tüm bireyler, rollerini yerine getirmekte zorlandılar ve nörogelişimsel bozukluğu olan çocuklar terapilere katılmada birçok zorlukla karşı karşıya kaldılar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pandemi sürecinde rehabilitasyon uygulama yöntemlerindeki değişimin nörogelişimsel bozukluğu olan çocukların okupasyonel performansları üzerine etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi ergoterapi anabilim dalı pediatri ünitesinden 2-13 yaş arası nörogelişimsel bozukluğu olan çocukların bakım verenleri (n=40) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Pandemi sürecinde pediatri ünitelerinde alınan çocukların seyreltilmesi nedeni ile çalışmaya dahil edilen bu çocukların bazıları yüz yüze; bazıları telerehabilitasyon yöntemi ile tedavilerine devam ederken diğerleri sadece aralıklı kontrol seansları ile takip edildi. Kanada Aktivite Performans Ölçümü (KAPÖ) çocukların okupasyonel performanslarını; Ebeveynin Yaşam Katılımı (EYK) ölçeği ise bakım veren ebeveynlerin yaşam katılım durumunu ölçmek amacı ile uygulandı. Analizler Wilcoxon Sign Rank testi ve Spearman’s Korelasyon Katsayısı ile incelendi.
Bulgular: Pandemi süreci ile rehabilitasyon yöntemi değişen nörogelişimsel bozukluğu olan çocuklarda KAPÖ puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Ancak terapilere yüz yüze devam edenlerde anlamlı bir değişim söz konusudur (p=0,001). EYK ölçeği ile KAPÖ memnuniyet puanını arasında pozitif yönde zayıf-orta bir ilişki olduğu (p=0,047, r=0,304) bulunmakla beraber, EYK ölçeği ile KAPÖ performans puanını arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır (p=0,153).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, pandemi sırasında terapi yönteminin değişimi okupasyonel performans (performans ve memnuniyet) puanlarında anlamlı bir değişikliğe neden olmamıştır. Bunun nedeni, telerehabilitasyon uygulayan terapistlerin telerehabilitasyon uygulama ile ilgili deneyimlerinin yetersiz olmasından kaynaklanabileceği gibi katılımcıların terapilere devam etme arzuları ve durumlarının olumsuz etkilenmesi ve bakım veren ebeveynlerin kaygı düzeyinin artması olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, EYK ölçeğinin sadece KAPÖ memnuniyet puanı ile ilişkili olmasının sebebi, bu ölçeğin bakım verenin yaşam katılımı ile ilgili memnuniyet düzeyinde bilgi vermesi olarak düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Balıkçı, A. (2013). Duyu Bütünleme Terapisinde Çevresel Düzenleme ve Materyalin Önemi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 1(2), 97-99. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2013108
  • Ben-Pazi, H., Beni-Adani, L., ve Lamdan, R. (2020). Accelerating Telemedicine for Cerebral Palsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Front Neurol, 11, 746 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00746.
  • Brennan, D., Tindall, L., Theodoros, D., Brown, J., Campbell, M., Christiana, D., . . . Lee, A. (2010). A blueprint for telerehabilitation guidelines. Int J Telerehabil, 2(2), 31-34 doi:10.5195/ijt.2010.6063.
  • Bumin, G., Akel, B., ve Öksüz, Ç. (2019). Ergoterapi Teoriler, Modeller ve Uygulama Yaklaşımları. Ankara: Hipokrat.
  • Bumin , G., Akyürek, G., Çelik, Z., ve Yıldız, B. (2018). The parents participation of life validity and reliability of Turkish version. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60. (supp2).
  • Cacioppo, M., Bouvier, S., Bailly, R., Houx, L., Lempereur, M., Mensah-Gourmel, J., . . . Pons, C. (2020). Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 101429 doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.08.001.
  • Cangür, Ş., Civan, G., Çoban, S., Mazhar, K., Karakoç, H., Budak, S., . . . Ankaralı, H. (2013). Düzce ilinde bedensel ve/veya zihinsel engelli bireylere sahip ailelerin toplumsal yaşama katılımlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Aleem, A., Dulebohn, S. C., ve Di Napoli, R. (2021). Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.
  • Caughlin, S., Mehta, S., Corriveau, H., Eng, J. J., Eskes, G., Kairy, D., . . . Teasell, R. (2020). Implementing Telerehabilitation After Stroke: Lessons Learned from Canadian Trials. Telemed J E Health, 26(6), 710-719 doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0097.
  • D Leochico, C. F. (2020). Adoption of telerehabilitation in a developing country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 63(6), 563-564 doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.06.001.
  • Fingerhut, P. E. (2005). The impact of caring for children with special needs on the ability of parents/caregivers to engage in occupations to support participation: Texas Woman's University.
  • Hammell, K. W. (2020). Engagement in living during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing occupational disruption. Occupational Therapy Now, 22, 7-8. Imran, N., Zeshan, M., ve Pervaiz, Z. (2020). Mental health considerations for children & adolescents in COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci, 36(Covid19-s4), S67-s72 doi:10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2759.
  • Jeste, S., Hyde, C., Distefano, C., Halladay, A., Ray, S., Porath, M., . . . Thurm, A. (2020). Changes in access to educational and healthcare services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities during COVID-19 restrictions. J Intellect Disabil Res doi:10.1111/jir.12776.
  • Kahraman, T. Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) Pandemisi ve Telerehabilitasyon. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 87-92.
  • Kars, S., ve Akı, E. (2019). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Oyun Davranışlarının İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 8(1), 53-62.
  • Köksal, G., ve Kabasakal, Z. (2012). Zihinsel Engelli Çocukları Olan Ebeveynlerin Yaşamlarında Algıladıkları Stresi Yordayan Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(32), 71-91.
  • Kutlu, R. (2020). What We Have Learned About The New Coronavirus Pandemic, Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches and The Situation in Turkey. TJFMPC, 14(2), 329-344. Retrieved from http://www.tjfmpc.gen.tr/tjfmpc_022016/tjfmpc_022016_0001040_doc_pdf_other_files/articles_pdf/2020_6_14_2_25.pdf
  • Longo, E., de Campos, A. C., ve Schiariti, V. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Is This a Good Time for Implementation of Home Programs for Children's Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? Phys Occup Ther Pediatr, 40(4), 361-364 doi:10.1080/01942638.2020.1759947.
  • Mullin, A., Gokhale, A., Moreno-De-Luca, A., Sanyal, S., Waddington, J., ve Faundez, V. (2013). Neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanisms and boundary definitions from genomes, interactomes and proteomes. Translational psychiatry, 3(12), e329-e329. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2013108
  • Mynard, L. (2020). Gone viral: the global spread of an occupational therapy COVID-19 resource. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 76(2), 82-85 doi:10.1080/14473828.2020.1804136.
  • Neece, C., McIntyre, L. L., ve Fenning, R. (2020). Examining the impact of COVID-19 in ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res, 64(10), 739-749 doi:10.1111/jir.12769.
  • Nizzero, A., Cote, P., ve Cramm, H. (2017). Occupational disruption: A scoping review. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(2), 114-127 doi:10.1080/14427591.2017.1306791.
  • Nuara, A., Fabbri-Destro, M., Scalona, E., Lenzi, S. E., Rizzolatti, G., ve Avanzini, P. (2021). Telerehabilitation in response to constrained physical distance: an opportunity to rethink neurorehabilitative routines. J Neurol, 1-12 doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10397-w.
  • Öztürk, O., ve Bayraktar, D. (2020). Pandemilerin Şafağında: COVID-19 ve Fiziksel İnaktivite. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 143-146.
  • Rao, P. T. (2021). A Paradigm Shift in the Delivery of Physical Therapy Services for Children With Disabilities in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Phys Ther, 101(1) doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa192.
  • Salehi, F., Parvin, R., Mahmood, M., Hooshang, D., ve Ahmad Reza, B. (2017). Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Its Relationship With Severity of Disorder and Child’s Occupational Performance. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 11(3), 167-174. Retrieved from https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/99
  • Sarsak, H. (2020). Telerehabilitation services: A successful paradigm for occupational therapy clinical services. J Int Soc Phys Rehabil Med, 5(2), 93-98.
  • Shih, H. I., Wu, C. J., Tu, Y. F., ve Chi, C. Y. (2020). Fighting COVID-19: A quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines. Biomed J, 43(4), 341-354 doi:10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.021.
  • Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., ve Caffery, L. J. (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Telemed Telecare, 26(5), 309-313 doi:10.1177/1357633x20916567.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., . . . Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg, 76, 71-76 doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.
  • Stein, J., Visco, C. J., ve Barbuto, S. (2020). Rehabilitation Medicine Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 99(7), 573-579 doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001470.
  • Tekin, N. (2020). Covid-19 Infection Experience of a Family Phycisian in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 14(2), 166-170. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tjfmpc/article/731521
  • Thapar, A., Cooper, M., ve Rutter, M. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 339-346 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30376-5.
  • Thapar, A., Pine, D., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., ve Taylor, E. A. (2017). Rutter's child and adolescent psychiatry: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Thompson, L. A., ve Rasmussen, S. A. (2021). Potentials of Telerehabilitation for Families of Children With Special Health Care Needs During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency-Reply. JAMA Pediatr, 175(1), 105-106 doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2357.
  • Torpil, B. (2017). Multipl Skleroz’lu bireylerde Kanada Aktivite Performans Ölçümü’nün Türkçe kültürel adaptasyonu, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. (master’s thesis). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara. (87)
  • VanLeit, B., ve Crowe, T. K. (2002). Outcomes of an occupational therapy program for mothers of children with disabilities: impact on satisfaction with time use and occupational performance. Am J Occup Ther, 56(4), 402-410 doi:10.5014/ajot.56.4.402.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçen Akyürek 0000-0002-0309-2321

Yasemin Turgut 0000-0001-5107-397X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyürek, G., & Turgut, Y. (2021). Pandemi Sürecinde Rehabilitasyon Uygulama Yöntemlerindeki Değişimin Nörogelişimsel Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Okupasyonel Performansları Üzerine Etkisi: Pilot Çalışma. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 8(3), 509-526. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.972798