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GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ VE İŞSİZLİĞİN OBEZİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 93 - 104, 03.09.2022

Öz

Çalışmada orta gelirli ülkelerde gelir eşitsizliği ve işsizliğin obezite üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan 21 ülkeye ait veriler ile 2000-2016 yılları arasında panel regresyon analiziyle incelenmiş olup gelir eşitsizliği ve işsizliğin obezite prevelansı üzerindeki etkisi panel regresyon denklemi yardımı ile araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucundan elde edilen bulgulara göre orta gelirli ülkelerde hem işsizlik hem de gelir eşitsizliğinin obezitenin yaygınlığı üzerinde negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu negatif etkiyi gelir eşitsizliği ve işsizlik nedeniyle bireylerin refah ve gelir düzeyindeki azalma ve yoksulluğun getirdiği ekonomik açıdan gıdaya erişim ve yetersiz beslenme (az enerji alımı) ile açıklamak mümkündür. Yetersiz beslenmenin getirdiği sağlık problemleri göz önüne alındığında ise çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği orta gelir düzeyine sahip ülkelerde işsizlik ve gelir eşitsizliğinin azaltılmasına yönelik getirilecek politika önerililerinin obezite prevelansı da dikkate alınarak geliştirilmesinin toplum sağlığı açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization technical report series, 2000; 894: i–253.
  • 2. Apovian, C.M. Obesity: Definition, Comorbidities, Causes, and Burden Supplements and Featured Publications, Impact of Obesity Interventions on Managed Care, 2016; 22(7): 176-185.
  • 3. World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight. 2021 [Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • 4. Hruby, A., Manson, J. E., Qi, L., Malik, V. S., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., ve ark. Determinants and Consequences of Obesity. American journal of public health, 2016; 106(9): 1656–1662.
  • 5. Wolf, A.M. Economic outcomes of the obese patient. Obesity Research 2002; 10(1): 57-62.
  • 6. Songtao, T., Zhirong, L. Emergence of income inequality: Origin, distribution and possible policies Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 2019; 537: 1-13.
  • 7. Atkinson, A. B. Inequality: What Can Be Done? Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2015.
  • 8. UNDP (UN Development Programme). Humanity Divided: Confronting Inequality in Developing Countries. New York, 2013.
  • 9. Smith A. The Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classic, New York, 2003.
  • 10. OECD. Divided we stand: why inequality keeps rising, OECD Publishing, 2011.
  • 11. Tao Y., Wu X.J., Zhou T., Yan W.B., Huang Y.Y.X., Yu H., ve ark. Exponential structure of income inequality: evidence from 67 countries J. Econ. Interact. Coord., 2019; 14: 345-376.
  • 12. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social science & medicine. 2015; 128: 316–326.
  • 13. Banerjee, A., Galiani, S., Levinsohn, J., Maclaren, Z., Woolard, I. Why has unemployment risen in South Africa?, Economics of Transition, 2008; 16 (4): 715–740.
  • 14. Namkee A., Juan R. G., Juan F. J. The Impact of Unemployment on Individual Well-Being in the EU. ENEPRI Working Paper, 2004; 29: 1-17.
  • 15. European Commission. Urban Cities Facing the Crisis. Impact and Responses. Paris: European Commission, 2010.
  • 16. Dahlgren, G., Whitehead, M. European strategies for tackling social inequities in health: Levelling up Part 2, WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 2007.
  • 17. Yerdelen, T.F. Panel Veri Ekonometrisi/Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım Yayım, 2020.
  • 18. Levine J. A. Poverty and obesity in the U.S. Diabetes, 2011; 60(11): 2667–2668
  • 19. Fan, J. X., Wen, M., Kowaleski-Jones, L. Tract- and county-level income inequality and individual risk of obesity in the United States. Social science research, 2016; 55: 75-82.
  • 20. Bjornstrom E. E. An examination of the relationship between neighborhood income inequality, social resources, and obesity in Los Angeles County. American journal of health promotion: AJHP, 2011; 26(2): 109–115.
  • 21. Chang, V. W., Christakis, N. A. Income inequality and weight status in US metropolitan areas. Social science & medicine, 2005; 61(1): 83–96.
  • 22. Devaux, M., Sassi, F. Social inequalities in obesity and overweight in 11 OECD countries. European journal of public health, 2013; 23(3): 464–469.
  • 23. Sağın, A., Karasaç, F. Obezitenin sosyo-ekonomik belirleyicileri: OECD ülkeleri analizi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020; 15(21): 183-200.
  • 24. Parks, S.E., Housemann, R.A., Brownson, R.C. Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003; 57(1): 29–35.
  • 25. Adams, J. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of “active transport” in the UK: analysis of the UK time use survey 2005. Prev. Med., 2010; 50 (4): 199-203
  • 26. Hughes A. ve Kumari M. Unemployment, underweight, and obesity: Findings from Understanding Society (UKHLS). Preventive Medicine, 2017; 97: 19-25.
  • 27. Norrbäck, M., Tynelius, P., Ahlström, G. The association of mobility disability and obesity with risk of unemployment in two cohorts from Sweden. BMC Public Health 2019; 19: 347.

THE IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT ON OBESITY: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 93 - 104, 03.09.2022

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of income inequality and unemployment on obesity in middle-income countries. The data of 21 developing countries were examined with panel regression analysis between 2000 and 2016, and the effect of income inequality and unemployment on obesity prevalence was investigated with the help of panel regression equation. According to the findings obtained from the analysis, it was concluded that both unemployment and income inequality have a negative and statistically significant effect on the prevalence of obesity in middle-income countries. It is possible to explain this negative effect with the decrease in the welfare and income level of individuals due to income inequality and unemployment, and the economic access to food and malnutrition (less energy intake) brought about by poverty. Considering the health problems caused by malnutrition, it is thought that it is important for public health to develop policy recommendations to reduce unemployment and income inequality in middle-income countries where the study was conducted, considering the prevalence of obesity.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization technical report series, 2000; 894: i–253.
  • 2. Apovian, C.M. Obesity: Definition, Comorbidities, Causes, and Burden Supplements and Featured Publications, Impact of Obesity Interventions on Managed Care, 2016; 22(7): 176-185.
  • 3. World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight. 2021 [Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • 4. Hruby, A., Manson, J. E., Qi, L., Malik, V. S., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., ve ark. Determinants and Consequences of Obesity. American journal of public health, 2016; 106(9): 1656–1662.
  • 5. Wolf, A.M. Economic outcomes of the obese patient. Obesity Research 2002; 10(1): 57-62.
  • 6. Songtao, T., Zhirong, L. Emergence of income inequality: Origin, distribution and possible policies Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 2019; 537: 1-13.
  • 7. Atkinson, A. B. Inequality: What Can Be Done? Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2015.
  • 8. UNDP (UN Development Programme). Humanity Divided: Confronting Inequality in Developing Countries. New York, 2013.
  • 9. Smith A. The Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classic, New York, 2003.
  • 10. OECD. Divided we stand: why inequality keeps rising, OECD Publishing, 2011.
  • 11. Tao Y., Wu X.J., Zhou T., Yan W.B., Huang Y.Y.X., Yu H., ve ark. Exponential structure of income inequality: evidence from 67 countries J. Econ. Interact. Coord., 2019; 14: 345-376.
  • 12. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social science & medicine. 2015; 128: 316–326.
  • 13. Banerjee, A., Galiani, S., Levinsohn, J., Maclaren, Z., Woolard, I. Why has unemployment risen in South Africa?, Economics of Transition, 2008; 16 (4): 715–740.
  • 14. Namkee A., Juan R. G., Juan F. J. The Impact of Unemployment on Individual Well-Being in the EU. ENEPRI Working Paper, 2004; 29: 1-17.
  • 15. European Commission. Urban Cities Facing the Crisis. Impact and Responses. Paris: European Commission, 2010.
  • 16. Dahlgren, G., Whitehead, M. European strategies for tackling social inequities in health: Levelling up Part 2, WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 2007.
  • 17. Yerdelen, T.F. Panel Veri Ekonometrisi/Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım Yayım, 2020.
  • 18. Levine J. A. Poverty and obesity in the U.S. Diabetes, 2011; 60(11): 2667–2668
  • 19. Fan, J. X., Wen, M., Kowaleski-Jones, L. Tract- and county-level income inequality and individual risk of obesity in the United States. Social science research, 2016; 55: 75-82.
  • 20. Bjornstrom E. E. An examination of the relationship between neighborhood income inequality, social resources, and obesity in Los Angeles County. American journal of health promotion: AJHP, 2011; 26(2): 109–115.
  • 21. Chang, V. W., Christakis, N. A. Income inequality and weight status in US metropolitan areas. Social science & medicine, 2005; 61(1): 83–96.
  • 22. Devaux, M., Sassi, F. Social inequalities in obesity and overweight in 11 OECD countries. European journal of public health, 2013; 23(3): 464–469.
  • 23. Sağın, A., Karasaç, F. Obezitenin sosyo-ekonomik belirleyicileri: OECD ülkeleri analizi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020; 15(21): 183-200.
  • 24. Parks, S.E., Housemann, R.A., Brownson, R.C. Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003; 57(1): 29–35.
  • 25. Adams, J. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of “active transport” in the UK: analysis of the UK time use survey 2005. Prev. Med., 2010; 50 (4): 199-203
  • 26. Hughes A. ve Kumari M. Unemployment, underweight, and obesity: Findings from Understanding Society (UKHLS). Preventive Medicine, 2017; 97: 19-25.
  • 27. Norrbäck, M., Tynelius, P., Ahlström, G. The association of mobility disability and obesity with risk of unemployment in two cohorts from Sweden. BMC Public Health 2019; 19: 347.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Anı Hande Mete 0000-0002-4077-2895

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mete, A. H. (2022). GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ VE İŞSİZLİĞİN OBEZİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences, 8(2), 93-104.

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