The effect of different sliding speeds on wear behavior of ZrO2 reinforcement aluminium matrix composite materials

Abstract

Due to the many advantages it provides metal matrix composite materials, it is used as a publication in many industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry. Therefore, it is necessary to know the properties of these materials such as mechanical, tribological and corrosion. In this study, the effect of different sliding speeds was investigated on wear behavior of aluminum matrix composite materials produced by adding different amounts of ZrO2 by mechanical alloying method. 4 different amounts (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) ZrO₂ were added to the aluminum 2% graphite matrix. Composite powders mechanically alloyed for 60 minutes, were produced green compact samples by cold pressed with a pressure of 700 MPa. The green compacts produced were sintered for 2 hours at 600 °C. The produced aluminum composites were characterized by microstructure, density and hardness measurements. Wear tests were carried out on a block on-ring type wear testing device, under 20 N load and three different sliding speed (0.2 ms^-1, 0.4 ms-1 and 0.6 ms-1) and three different sliding distances (53 m, 72 m and 94 m). As a result of the studies, hardness and density values increased as the amount of ZrO2 in the matrix increased. Wear test results showed that weight loss decreased with increasing amount of reinforcement in the matrix. 

Keywords

• Al composite,Mechanical alloying,Wear,ZrO2

References

1. 1. Das, S., Das, S., and Das, K., Abrasive wear of zircon sand and alumina reinforced Al–4.5 wt%Cu alloy matrix composites-A comparative study. Composites Science and Technology, 2007. 67(3-4): p. 746-751.
2. 2. Idusuyi, N., and Olayinka, J. I., Dry sliding wear characteristics of aluminium metal matrix composites: a brief overview. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019, 8(3): p. 3338-3346.
3. 3. Hemanth, J., Tribological behavior of cryogenically treated B4Cp/Al–12% Si composites. Wear, 2005. 258: p. 1732-1744.
4. 4. Özyürek, D., Tekeli, S., An investigation on wear resistance of SiCp-reinforced aluminium composites produced by mechanical alloying method. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 2010. 17(1): p. 31-38.
5. 5. Çam, S., Demir, V., and Özyürek, D., Wear behaviour of A356/TiAl3 in situ composites produced by mechanical alloying. Metals, 2016. 6: p. 34-42.
6. 6. Parvin, N., Assadifard, R., Safarzadeh, P., Sheibani, S., and Marashi, P., Preparation and mechanical properties of SiC-reinforced Al6061 composite by mechanical alloying. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008. 492: p. 134-140.
7. 7. Sozhamannan, G.G., Yusuf, M.M., Aravind, G., Kumaresan, G., and Velmurugan, K., Venkatachalapathy, V.S.K., Effect of applied load on the wear performance of 6061 Al/ nano TiCp/ Gr hybrid composites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5: p. 6489-6496.
8. 8. Şimşek, D., Şimşek, İ., Özyürek, D., Production and Characterization of Al-SiC Composites by Mechanical Milling. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019. p. 8 (1): 227-233.

9. 9. Zi-yang, X., Guo-qin, C., Gao-hui, W., Wen-shu, Y., and Yan-mei, L., Effect of volume fraction on microstructure and mechanical properties of Si3N4/Al composites. Transection of Nonferrus Metals Society of China, 2011. 21: p. 285-289.
10. 10. Ahamed, H., and Senthilkumar, V., Role of nano-size reinforcement and milling on the synthesis of nano-crystalline aluminium alloy composites by mechanical alloying. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010. 505: p. 772-782.
11. 11. Zhu, H., Jar, C., Song, J., Zhao, J., Li, J., and Xie, Z., High temperature dry sliding friction and wear behavior of aluminum matrix composites (Al3Zrþa-Al2O3)/Al. Tribology International, 2012. 48: p. 78-86.
12. 12. Özyürek, D., Tuncay, T., Evlen, H., and Çiftci, I., Synthesis, characterization and dry sliding wear behavior of in-situ formed TiAl3 precipitate reinforced A356 alloy produced by mechanical alloying method. Materials Research, 2015. 18(4): p. 813-820.
13. 13. Torralba, J.M., da-Costa, C.E., and Velasco, F., P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003. 133: p. 203-206.
14. 14. Durai, T.G., Das, K., Das, S., Corrosion behavior of Al-Zn/Al2O3 and Al-Zn-X/Al2O3 (X=Cu, Mn) composites synthesized by mechanical–thermal treatment. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008. 462: p. 410-415.
15. 15. Aksoz, S., Bican, O., Calin, R., and Bostan, B., Effect of T7 heat treatment on the dry sliding friction and wear properties of the SiC-reinforced AA 2014 aluminium matrix composites produced by vacuum infiltration. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2013. 228(3): p. 312-319
16. 16. Özyürek, D., and Tekeli, S., An investigation on wear resistance of SiCp-reinforced aluminum composites produced by mechanical alloying. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 2010. 17(1): p. 31-38.
17. 17. Şimşek, İ., Şimşek, D. Özyürek, D., Investigation of the Effect of Ni Amount on the Wear Performance of A356 Cast Aluminum Alloys. Metallurgist (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-020-00917-w
18. 18. Özyürek, D., Tekeli, S., Güral, A., Meyveci, A., and Gürü, M., Effect of Al2O3 amount on microstructure and wear properties of Al-Al2O3 metal matrix composites prepared using mechanical alloying method. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2010. 49(5-6): p. 50-57.
19. 19. Özyürek, D., and Tekeli, S., Wear properties of titanium and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by mechanical milling. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2011. 30(1-2): p. 175-180.
20. 20. Aydın, D.Y., Gürü, M., Ipek, D., and Özyürek, D., Synthesis and characterization of zinc fluoroborate from zinc fluoride and boron by mechanochemical reaction. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2017. 42: p. 4409-4416.
21. 21. Aztekin, H., Özyürek, D., and Çetinkaya, K., Production of hypo-eutectic ΑΙ-Si alloy based metal matrix composite with thixomoulding processing. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2010. 29(3): p 169-178.
22. 22. Özyürek, D., The effect of semi-solid processing parameters on microstructure in Al-7wt.%Si alloy. Scientific Research and Essays, 2011. 6(29): p. 6222-6226.
23. 23. Özyürek, D., Yıldırım, M., and Çiftçi, İ., The tribological properties of A356-SiCp metalmatrix composites fabricated by thixomoulding technique. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 2012. 19(4): p. 351-356.
24. 24. Prabhu, B, Suryanarayana, C., An, L., and Vaidyanathan, R., Synthesis and characterization of high volume fraction Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders by high-energy milling. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006. 425: p. 192-200.
25. 25. Wang, Y.Q., and Song, J.I., Temperature effects on the dry sliding wear of Al2O3f/SiCp/Al MMCs with different fiber orientations and hybrid ratios. Wear, 2011. 270: p. 499-505.
26. 26. Zhu, H.G., Ai, Y.L., Min, J., Wu, Q., and Wang, H.Z., Dry sliding wear behavior of Al-based composites fabricated by exothermic dispersion reaction in an Al-ZrO2-C system. Wear, 2010. 268: p. 1465-1471.
27. 27. Baghchesara, M.A., Abdizadeh, H., Baharvandi, H.R., Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced with ZrO2 particles. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010. 22(5): p. 3824-3834.
28. 28. Ramachandra, M., Abhishek, A., Siddeshwar, P., and Bharathi, V., Hardness and wear resistance of ZrO2 nano particle reinforced Al nanocomposites produced by powder metallurgy. Procedia Materials Science, 2015. 10: p. 212-219.
29. 29. Şimşek, İ., Yıldırım, M., Özyürek, D. and Şimşek, D. Basınçsız infiltrasyon yöntemiyle üretilen SiO2 takviyeli alüminyum kompozitlerin aşınma davranışlarının incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 2019, 22(1): p. 81-85.
30. 30. Şimşek, İ., Şimşek, D. and Özyürek, D. Investigation of the Effect of Ni Amount on the Wear Performance of A356 Cast Aluminum Alloys. Metallurgist, 2020, 63(9-10): p. 993-1001.
31. 31. General Directorate of Highways, “Vehicle Stopping and Transfer Times”, Turkey http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Trafik/DurmaIntikal.aspx. (last access date:17.09.2019)
32. 32. Simsek, I., The effect of B4C amount on wear behaviors of Al-Graphite/B4C hybrid composites produced by mechanical alloying, Journal of Boron, 2019. 4(2): p. 100-106,
33. 33. Chu, H.S., Liu, K.S., and Yeh, J.W., Damping behavior of in situ Al-(graphite, Al4C3) composites produced by reciprocating extrusion. Journal of Materials Research, 2001. 16(5): p. 1372-1380.
34. 34. Sekar, K., Jayachandra, G., and Aravindan, S., Mechanical and welding properties of A6082-SiC-ZrO2 hybrid composite fabricated by stir and squeeze casting. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5: p. 20268-20277.
35. 35. Bostan, B., Ozdemir, A.T., and Kalkanli, A., Microstructure characteristics in Al-C system after mechanical alloying and high temperature treatment. Powder Metallurgy, 2004. 47(1): p. 37-42.
36. 36. Kumar, K.R., Pridhar, T., and Sree, V.S., Mechanical properties and characterization of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and coconut shell ash(CSA) reinforced aluminium (Al 6082) matrix hybrid composite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018. 765: p. 171-179
37. 37. Rao, R. N. and Das, S. Effect of SiC content and sliding speed on the wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites. Materials & Design, 2011, 32(2): p. 1066-1071.
38. 38. Özyürek, D., Tunçay, T., and Kaya, H., The effects of T5 and T6 heat treatments on wear behaviour of AA6063 alloy. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2014. 33(3): p. 231-237.
39. 39. Özyürek, D, Ciftci, I., and Tuncay, T., The effect of aging and sliding speed on wear behaviour of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. Materials Testing, 2013. 55(6): p. 468-471.