Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 217 - 222, 15.12.2018
Korkmaz Yıldırım
,
Mensur Sümer
,
Yüksel Furkan Yıldırım
Kaynakça
- 1. Nagataki, S.,Ohga, H., andInoue, T., Evaluation of Fly Ash for Controlling Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, 955-972, Proc. 2nd International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Montreal, Canada, 1991, p. 955-972.
- 2. Rydjolm, SA., Pulpin Processen İnter Science Publishers, Newyork,1965, p. 1269.
- 3. Cook,J., Using Rice Husk Formaking Cement like Materials, Approproite Technology 1980, 6(4): p. 9-11.
- 4. James, J., Rao,S., Silica from Rice Husk through Thermal de Compositioon, Termochimica Acta, 1986. 97: p. 329-336.
- 5. R., Ngee, C.C., Yeoh, A.K., Ping, C.B., Rice Husk Cement, Standarts Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia, 1984.
- 6. Dass, A., Puzzolanic behaviour of Rice Husk Ash, Building Research and Practice, 1984. 12(5): p. 307-311.
- 7. Mızrak, G., Nut Specialization Commodity Exchange, 2005, Ordu, p. 49.
- 8. Halisdemir, B., Identification of Thermal Value of Organic Substances in Municipal Rubbish Composition, Master’s Thesis, Institute of Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin, 2001, p: 65.
- 9. Jamali,H.A, Mahvi,A.H, and Nazmara Shanrookh, Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions by Hazel Nut Shell, World Applied Sciences Journal, 2009, 5: p. 16-20.
- 10. Özçimen, D. Ersoy, M., Statistical Evaluation of the Carbonization Results of Hazelnut Shell, Istanbul Technical University Journal, 2009. 8(1): p.116-124.
- 11. Pehlivan, E. Taner, F., Determination of Particle Size and Inner Pressure on Liquefaction Performance of Hazelnut Shell in HP/HT Small Reactor, Selçuk University, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 2006. 21 n.1-2.
- 12. TS EN 196-1, Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002.
- 13. TS-EN 197-1, General Cements-Composition and Conformity Criteria, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002.
- 14. Yıldırım, K., Sumer, M., (2014), Comparative Analysis of Fly Ash Effect with three Different Method in Mortars that are Exposed to Alkali Silica Reaction, Composites: Part B, 2014, 61: 110–115.
- 15. ASTM C618 - 12a Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM Internatıonal, West Conshohocken PA, 2012, Available from: www.astm.org.
- 16. ASTM C-289-94 Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p. 157-163.
- 17. TS 2517, Chemical Test for Potential Reactivity of Alkali Aggregates, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara,1977.
- 18. ASTM C-227-97, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p. 126-130.
- 19. ASTM C-1260-94, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p 650-653.
- 20. TS EN 12390-3, Testing Hardened Concrete - Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002
Investigation of the usability to nut shell ash as a mineral additive in concrete
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 217 - 222, 15.12.2018
Korkmaz Yıldırım
,
Mensur Sümer
,
Yüksel Furkan Yıldırım
Öz
Experimental
studies are being carried out to obtain puzzolan materials from agricultural
wastes. The aim of this study was to minimize environmental damage of nut
shells, which are discarded as waste material after the harvesting of crops. Puzzolanic activity test
conducted in experimental study showed that nut shell ash provided compressive
strength at 0.59 level. An analysis of compressive strength results revealed
that compressive strength increases in 28-90 and 180 day values of the
specimens containing nut ash additive. Reference
compressive strength results showed that compressive strength increased by
approximately 57% when water/cement ratio increases and that compressive
strength decreased to 50% level with the increase of additive amount in both
groups of concretes with nut shell additives. ASR test results showed that ash additive used in mortar types
used in 5%-10%-15%-20%-25%-30% ratios had an effect and that it reduced ASR in
mortar type containing 20% additive below 0.20 maximum value which is the
standard value. Improvement of
ash preparation conditions will enable the use of nut shell ash as a mineral
additive.
Kaynakça
- 1. Nagataki, S.,Ohga, H., andInoue, T., Evaluation of Fly Ash for Controlling Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, 955-972, Proc. 2nd International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Montreal, Canada, 1991, p. 955-972.
- 2. Rydjolm, SA., Pulpin Processen İnter Science Publishers, Newyork,1965, p. 1269.
- 3. Cook,J., Using Rice Husk Formaking Cement like Materials, Approproite Technology 1980, 6(4): p. 9-11.
- 4. James, J., Rao,S., Silica from Rice Husk through Thermal de Compositioon, Termochimica Acta, 1986. 97: p. 329-336.
- 5. R., Ngee, C.C., Yeoh, A.K., Ping, C.B., Rice Husk Cement, Standarts Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia, 1984.
- 6. Dass, A., Puzzolanic behaviour of Rice Husk Ash, Building Research and Practice, 1984. 12(5): p. 307-311.
- 7. Mızrak, G., Nut Specialization Commodity Exchange, 2005, Ordu, p. 49.
- 8. Halisdemir, B., Identification of Thermal Value of Organic Substances in Municipal Rubbish Composition, Master’s Thesis, Institute of Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin, 2001, p: 65.
- 9. Jamali,H.A, Mahvi,A.H, and Nazmara Shanrookh, Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions by Hazel Nut Shell, World Applied Sciences Journal, 2009, 5: p. 16-20.
- 10. Özçimen, D. Ersoy, M., Statistical Evaluation of the Carbonization Results of Hazelnut Shell, Istanbul Technical University Journal, 2009. 8(1): p.116-124.
- 11. Pehlivan, E. Taner, F., Determination of Particle Size and Inner Pressure on Liquefaction Performance of Hazelnut Shell in HP/HT Small Reactor, Selçuk University, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 2006. 21 n.1-2.
- 12. TS EN 196-1, Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002.
- 13. TS-EN 197-1, General Cements-Composition and Conformity Criteria, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002.
- 14. Yıldırım, K., Sumer, M., (2014), Comparative Analysis of Fly Ash Effect with three Different Method in Mortars that are Exposed to Alkali Silica Reaction, Composites: Part B, 2014, 61: 110–115.
- 15. ASTM C618 - 12a Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM Internatıonal, West Conshohocken PA, 2012, Available from: www.astm.org.
- 16. ASTM C-289-94 Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p. 157-163.
- 17. TS 2517, Chemical Test for Potential Reactivity of Alkali Aggregates, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara,1977.
- 18. ASTM C-227-97, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p. 126-130.
- 19. ASTM C-1260-94, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1994. 4(2): p 650-653.
- 20. TS EN 12390-3, Testing Hardened Concrete - Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, 2002