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Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 70 - 77, 20.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1588214

Abstract

Heat exchangers with periodic cellular metals (PCM) have become a substitute for those having louvered fins since they present good thermal performance and high mechanical strength for a given weight. Accordingly, heat transfer of a Wire-woven Bulk Kagome (WBK) sandwich panel was investigated in this study under constant heat flux conditions for various values of helical pitch lengths and wire diameters. The simulations for the flow, convection, and conduction were conducted by using the k-epsilon turbulence model. The channel was extended to avoid any entrance or exit effects. The numerical results showed that the friction factor and heat transfer increased by around 50% and 30%, respectively, with the wire diameter. Additionally, increasing the wire diameter increases heat transfer performance by around 30% for identical pumping power conditions. Friction factor and heat transfer increase up to 35% with decreasing helical pitch length. Heat transfer performance decreases with the change of helical pitch length from 12.5 mm to 17.5 mm by around 35% for a given pumping power. Also, high temperature differences seen in the WBK structure show the potential for further heat transfer enhancement by other possible configurations.

Project Number

Research Fund of the Trakya University. Project Number: 2017/107

References

  • 1. Kang, K.-J., Wire-woven cellular metals: The present and future. Progress in Materials Science, 2015. 69: p. 213-307.
  • 2. Lim, C.-H., I. Jeon, and K.-J. Kang, A new type of sandwich panel with periodic cellular metal cores and its mechanical performances. Materials & Design, 2009. 30(8): p. 3082-3093.
  • 3. Sugimura, Y., Mechanical response of single-layer tetrahedral trusses under shear loading. Mechanics of materials, 2004. 36(8): p. 715-721.
  • 4. Lu, T., L. Valdevit, and A. Evans, Active cooling by metallic sandwich structures with periodic cores. Progress in Materials Science, 2005. 50(7): p. 789-815.
  • 5. Tian, J., et al., The effects of topology upon fluid-flow and heat-transfer within cellular copper structures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004. 47(14-16): p. 3171-3186.
  • 6. Singh, P., et al., Experimental study on flow and thermal transport in additively manufactured lattices based on cube-shaped unit cell. ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2025. 147(2).
  • 7. Xu, L., et al., Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a staggered array of Kagome lattice structures in rectangular channels. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022. 58(1): p. 41-64.
  • 8. Ma, W.W.S., et al., Multi‐Physical Lattice Metamaterials Enabled by Additive Manufacturing: Design Principles, Interaction Mechanisms, and Multifunctional Applications. Advanced Science, 2025: p. 2405835.
  • 9. Feng, S.S., et al., Thermomechanical Properties of Brazed Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Cellular Metals for Multifunctional Applications. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2012. 26(1): p. 66-74.
  • 10. Ferrari, L., et al., Sandwich structured ceramic matrix composites with periodic cellular ceramic cores: an active cooled thermal protection for space vehicles. Composite Structures, 2016. 154: p. 61-68. 11. Kaur, I., et al., Thermal-hydraulic performance of additively manufactured lattices for gas turbine blade trailing edge cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022. 211: p. 118461.
  • 12. Yan, H.B., Q.C. Zhang, and T.J. Lu, Heat transfer enhancement by X-type lattice in ventilated brake disc. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016. 107: p. 39-55.
  • 13. Wadley, H., Fabrication and structural performance of periodic cellular metal sandwich structures. Composites Science and Technology, 2003. 63(16): p. 2331-2343.
  • 14. Lee, Y.-H., et al., Wire-woven bulk Kagome truss cores. Acta Materialia, 2007. 55(18): p. 6084-6094.
  • 15. Kang, K.J. and Y.H. Lee, Three-dimensional cellular light structures directly woven by continuous wires and the manufacturing method of the same. 2011, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • 16. Hur, H.-K., J.-H. Joo, and K.-J. Kang, Geometrical Modeling and Collapse Surfaces of Wire-woven Bulk Kagome Structures. American Institute of Aeronautics and Asrtonautics, 2010.
  • 17. Ko, G.-D., et al. Application of Wire-woven Bulk Kagome as a Vibration Control Device for a Building Structure. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Building Asia. February, 2010. Seoul.
  • 18. Lee, Y.-H. and K.-J. Kang, A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-I, optimal design for applications as sandwich core. Materials & Design, 2009. 30(10): p. 4434-4443.
  • 19. Tondi, G., et al., Tannin-based rigid foams: a survey of chemical and physical properties. Bioresour Technol, 2009. 100(21): p. 5162-9.
  • 20. Choi, J.-E., G.-D. Ko, and K.-J. Kang, Taguchi method-based sensitivity study of design parameters representing specific strength of wire-woven bulk Kagome under compression. Composite Structures, 2010. 92(10): p. 2547-2553.
  • 21. Joo, J.H., et al., Forced convective heat transfer in all metallic wire-woven bulk Kagome sandwich panels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 54(25-26): p. 5658-5662.
  • 22. Yang, X., et al., Effective thermal conductivity of wire-woven bulk Kagome sandwich panels. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 2014. 4(5).
  • 23. Yang, X.H., et al., Experimental Investigations of Natural Convection in Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome. Transport in Porous Media, 2014. 105(1): p. 1-22.
  • 24. Hoffmann, F., H. Hodson, and T. Lu, Heat transfer performance and pressure drop of Kagome core metal truss panels. 2003: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, U.K.
  • 25. Kemerli, U. and K. Kahveci, Conjugate forced convective heat transfer in a sandwich panel with a Kagome truss core: The effects of strut length and diameter. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020. 167: p. 114794.
  • 26. Cengel, Y.A., Fluid mechanics. 2010: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 27. Shen, B., et al., Heat transfer enhancement of wedge-shaped channels by replacing pin fins with Kagome lattice structures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019. 141: p. 88-101.
  • 28. Li, Y., et al., Heat transfer enhancement of rotating wedge-shaped channels with pin fins and Kagome lattices. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2020. 77(12): p. 1014-1033.
  • 29. Launder, B.E. and D.B. Spalding, Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence. 1972.
  • 30. Ansys, Ansys Fluent 17.0 Theory Guide. 2013.

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 70 - 77, 20.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1588214

Abstract

Project Number

Research Fund of the Trakya University. Project Number: 2017/107

References

  • 1. Kang, K.-J., Wire-woven cellular metals: The present and future. Progress in Materials Science, 2015. 69: p. 213-307.
  • 2. Lim, C.-H., I. Jeon, and K.-J. Kang, A new type of sandwich panel with periodic cellular metal cores and its mechanical performances. Materials & Design, 2009. 30(8): p. 3082-3093.
  • 3. Sugimura, Y., Mechanical response of single-layer tetrahedral trusses under shear loading. Mechanics of materials, 2004. 36(8): p. 715-721.
  • 4. Lu, T., L. Valdevit, and A. Evans, Active cooling by metallic sandwich structures with periodic cores. Progress in Materials Science, 2005. 50(7): p. 789-815.
  • 5. Tian, J., et al., The effects of topology upon fluid-flow and heat-transfer within cellular copper structures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004. 47(14-16): p. 3171-3186.
  • 6. Singh, P., et al., Experimental study on flow and thermal transport in additively manufactured lattices based on cube-shaped unit cell. ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2025. 147(2).
  • 7. Xu, L., et al., Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a staggered array of Kagome lattice structures in rectangular channels. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022. 58(1): p. 41-64.
  • 8. Ma, W.W.S., et al., Multi‐Physical Lattice Metamaterials Enabled by Additive Manufacturing: Design Principles, Interaction Mechanisms, and Multifunctional Applications. Advanced Science, 2025: p. 2405835.
  • 9. Feng, S.S., et al., Thermomechanical Properties of Brazed Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Cellular Metals for Multifunctional Applications. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2012. 26(1): p. 66-74.
  • 10. Ferrari, L., et al., Sandwich structured ceramic matrix composites with periodic cellular ceramic cores: an active cooled thermal protection for space vehicles. Composite Structures, 2016. 154: p. 61-68. 11. Kaur, I., et al., Thermal-hydraulic performance of additively manufactured lattices for gas turbine blade trailing edge cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022. 211: p. 118461.
  • 12. Yan, H.B., Q.C. Zhang, and T.J. Lu, Heat transfer enhancement by X-type lattice in ventilated brake disc. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016. 107: p. 39-55.
  • 13. Wadley, H., Fabrication and structural performance of periodic cellular metal sandwich structures. Composites Science and Technology, 2003. 63(16): p. 2331-2343.
  • 14. Lee, Y.-H., et al., Wire-woven bulk Kagome truss cores. Acta Materialia, 2007. 55(18): p. 6084-6094.
  • 15. Kang, K.J. and Y.H. Lee, Three-dimensional cellular light structures directly woven by continuous wires and the manufacturing method of the same. 2011, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • 16. Hur, H.-K., J.-H. Joo, and K.-J. Kang, Geometrical Modeling and Collapse Surfaces of Wire-woven Bulk Kagome Structures. American Institute of Aeronautics and Asrtonautics, 2010.
  • 17. Ko, G.-D., et al. Application of Wire-woven Bulk Kagome as a Vibration Control Device for a Building Structure. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Building Asia. February, 2010. Seoul.
  • 18. Lee, Y.-H. and K.-J. Kang, A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-I, optimal design for applications as sandwich core. Materials & Design, 2009. 30(10): p. 4434-4443.
  • 19. Tondi, G., et al., Tannin-based rigid foams: a survey of chemical and physical properties. Bioresour Technol, 2009. 100(21): p. 5162-9.
  • 20. Choi, J.-E., G.-D. Ko, and K.-J. Kang, Taguchi method-based sensitivity study of design parameters representing specific strength of wire-woven bulk Kagome under compression. Composite Structures, 2010. 92(10): p. 2547-2553.
  • 21. Joo, J.H., et al., Forced convective heat transfer in all metallic wire-woven bulk Kagome sandwich panels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 54(25-26): p. 5658-5662.
  • 22. Yang, X., et al., Effective thermal conductivity of wire-woven bulk Kagome sandwich panels. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 2014. 4(5).
  • 23. Yang, X.H., et al., Experimental Investigations of Natural Convection in Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome. Transport in Porous Media, 2014. 105(1): p. 1-22.
  • 24. Hoffmann, F., H. Hodson, and T. Lu, Heat transfer performance and pressure drop of Kagome core metal truss panels. 2003: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, U.K.
  • 25. Kemerli, U. and K. Kahveci, Conjugate forced convective heat transfer in a sandwich panel with a Kagome truss core: The effects of strut length and diameter. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020. 167: p. 114794.
  • 26. Cengel, Y.A., Fluid mechanics. 2010: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 27. Shen, B., et al., Heat transfer enhancement of wedge-shaped channels by replacing pin fins with Kagome lattice structures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019. 141: p. 88-101.
  • 28. Li, Y., et al., Heat transfer enhancement of rotating wedge-shaped channels with pin fins and Kagome lattices. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2020. 77(12): p. 1014-1033.
  • 29. Launder, B.E. and D.B. Spalding, Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence. 1972.
  • 30. Ansys, Ansys Fluent 17.0 Theory Guide. 2013.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ubade Kemerli 0000-0003-4660-9121

Kamil Kahveci 0000-0003-2492-8690

Project Number Research Fund of the Trakya University. Project Number: 2017/107
Publication Date August 20, 2025
Submission Date November 19, 2024
Acceptance Date June 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kemerli, U., & Kahveci, K. (2025). Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 9(2), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1588214
AMA Kemerli U, Kahveci K. Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. August 2025;9(2):70-77. doi:10.35860/iarej.1588214
Chicago Kemerli, Ubade, and Kamil Kahveci. “Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With a Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Structure”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 9, no. 2 (August 2025): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1588214.
EndNote Kemerli U, Kahveci K (August 1, 2025) Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 9 2 70–77.
IEEE U. Kemerli and K. Kahveci, “Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure”, Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 70–77, 2025, doi: 10.35860/iarej.1588214.
ISNAD Kemerli, Ubade - Kahveci, Kamil. “Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With a Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Structure”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 9/2 (August2025), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1588214.
JAMA Kemerli U, Kahveci K. Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. 2025;9:70–77.
MLA Kemerli, Ubade and Kamil Kahveci. “Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With a Wire-Woven Bulk Kagome Structure”. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 70-77, doi:10.35860/iarej.1588214.
Vancouver Kemerli U, Kahveci K. Flow and heat transfer in a channel with a wire-woven bulk Kagome structure. Int. Adv. Res. Eng. J. 2025;9(2):70-7.



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