Yetişkin Türk Sigara İçicilerinde Sigara Bırakma Tetikleyicilerinde Cinsiyet ve Yaş Farklılıkları Gender and Age Differences in the Triggers for Smoking Cessation in Adult Turkish Smokers

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 41 - 51, 23.07.2024

Hülya Abalı , Fatma Tokgöz Akyıl , Nurdan Şimşek Veske , Seda Tural Önür

Öz

Amaç: Sigara dumanından kaynaklanan sağlık riskleri, sigarayı bırakarak belirli bir yoksunluk sürecinden sonra azaltılabilir. Sigarayı bırakmayı tetikleyen faktörlerin cinsiyet ve yaşa göre farklılıklarını tespit etmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma Mayıs-Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran, sigarayı bir yıldan fazla süredir bırakan ve anketi yanıtlamayı kabul eden 185 hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Ankette katılımcıların demografik özellikleri, sigara içme ve sigarayı bırakma özellikleri, bırakmaya yönelik destekler ve sigarayı bırakmayı tetikleyen bildirilmiş 25 faktör (psikososyal, ekonomik ve tıbbi faktörler) değerlendirildi. Sigarayı bırakmayı tetikleyen faktörler kadın ve erkekler arasında ve ayrıca yaş grupları (≤ 50 yaş ve > 50 yaş) arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 58±13’dü (yıl) olup %23’ü kadındı. Katılımcıların sigarayı bırakmalarını sağlayan en önemli faktör sigaranın sağlığa zararlarının bilinmesi (%65) oldu. Kadınlar erkeklerden daha gençti ve yılda daha az paket sigara içiyordu (sırasıyla P<0.001, P=0.008). Erkeklere göre kadınlarda ortalama sigaraya başlama yaşı daha geç, ortalama sigarayı bırakma yaşı ise daha erkendi (sırasıyla P=0.036, P=0.00). Sigara içmenin sağlığa zararları konusundaki farkındalık, erken ölüm kaygısı ve Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) tanısı erkekler üzerinde daha fazla etkiliyken (sırasıyla P=0,026, P=0,01, P=0,009) astım tanısı kadınlar üzerinde daha fazla etkiliydi (P=0.01). Ailede akciğer kanseri öyküsü genç katılımcılar için sigarayı bırakma konusunda daha cesaret vericiyken, kronik hastalıklar (KOAH ve kalp hastalıkları) yaşlılar için daha cesaret vericiydi (sırasıyla P=0.003, P=0.001).
Sonuç: Sigarayı bırakmayı tetikleyen faktörler cinsiyete ve yaşa göre değişmektedir. Hekimler bu farklı özellikleri dikkate alarak bireysel tedavi yaklaşımları geliştirebilirler. Hekimler polikliniklerde ve halka açık sigara karşıtı kampanyalarda sigara içmenin sağlık risklerini vurgulamalıdır.

Gender and Age Differences in the Triggers for Smoking Cessation in Adult Turkish Smokers
Hülya Abalı, Fatma Tokgoz Akyil, Nurdan Şimşek Veske, Seda Tural Önür
University Of Health Sciences, Yedikule Chest Diseases And Thoracic Surgery Training And Research Hospital
Objective: Health risks due to cigarette smoke can be reduced after a period of abstinence by quitting smoking. We intended to detect trigger factors and variations in triggering factors for smoking cessation regarding gender and age.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 185 patients applied to the pulmonology polyclinics, who quit smoking for more than one year and who accepted to answer the questionnaire between May and Sep 2022. The questionnaire evaluated the participants’ demographic, smoking, and quitting smoking characteristics, supports for quitting, and the reported 25 trigger factors for smoking cessation (psychosocial, economic, and medical factors). The triggers for smoking cessation were compared between females and males, and also age groups (≤ 50 years and> 50 years).
Results: Of the participants, the mean age was 58±13 yrs, and 23% were female. The most seen factor enabling participants to quit smoking was awareness of smoking harms to health (65%). Females were younger and smoked fewer packs/year cigarettes than males (P<0.001, P=0.008, respectively). The mean initiation age of smoking was later, and the mean age of smoking cessation was earlier in females compared to males (P=0.036, P=0.00, respectively). The awareness of health harms of smoking, anxiety about premature death, and diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) had higher effects on males (P=0.026, P=0.01, P=0.009, respectively), and diagnosis of asthma had a higher impact on females (P=0.01). While a family history of lung cancer was more encouraging to younger participants for smoking cessation, chronic diseases (COPD and cardiac diseases) were more encouraging to elders (P=0.003, P=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: The trigger factors for smoking cessation vary according to gender and age. Physicians may develop individual treatment approaches by taking these different characteristics into account. Physicians should emphasize the health risks of smoking in polyclinics and public anti-smoking campaigns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sigara bırakma, sağlık bilgisi, kronik hastalık, cinsiyet, yaş

Etik Beyan

var

Kaynakça

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