Kamu Görevlilerinin Politik Davranışlarını Biçimlendirmede Yasal Düzenlemelerin Zorlayıcı Etkilerinden Yararlanmak: Hatch Kanunu Örneği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 78 Sayı: 4, 1989 - 2023, 13.02.2021

Oktay Koç Abdullah Kıray Osman Abdullah Günaydın

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0009

Öz

Çalışma, kamu görevlilerinin yansızlıklarını tesis etme ve bu anlamda politik davranmalarına mani olma bakımından yasal düzenlemelerin etkilerini araştırmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayı motive eden temel gerekçe; özellikle kamu görevlilerinin partizanca hareket etmelerinin veya daha yumuşak bir ifade ile kamu görevlilerinin politik davranma eğilimlerinin ortaya çıkabilmesi ve bunlara karşı mutlaka bir tedbirin alınması gerektiğine ilişkin temel varsayımlardır. Çünkü kamu görevlilerinin, özellikle politikaları uygulama yönüyle güçlü bir yanlarının olduğu ve bu anlamda seçmenleri etkileyebilecek avantajlara sahip oldukları ileri sürülmektedir. Gerçekten de siyaset-idare ayrımının kamu yönetimi alanında oldukça belirleyici etkisi olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Bu kapsamda idarecilere çoklukla sadece politikaların uygulanması bakımından bazı rollerin verildiği ve politik açıdan yansız olmalarını sağlayacak bazı tedbirlerin alındığı bilinmektedir. Bu tedbirlerin en bilindik olanlarından biri Amerikan Hatch Kanunu’dur. Hatch Kanunu; federal, eyalet ve yerel idarelerde çalışanların, politik yansızlıklarını tesis etmede bir kurumsal düzen oluşturmuştur. Bu düzenin oluşturulması ve sürdürülmesinde birtakım zorlayıcı önlemlerin de kanunla tesis edildiği ifade edilebilir. Analiz için, belirli arşiv belgeleri ve diğer ilgili metinler açık kaynaklar (yasal belgeler ve internet kaynakları) vasıtasıyla veri olarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplandıktan sonra araştırma sorularına uygun cevapların bulunması için içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın potansiyel katkıları çok yönlüdür. Öncelikle, kamu görevlilerinin siyasi veya partizan davranışları veya faaliyetleri hem genel olarak ve hem de spesifik olarak Hatch Kanunu kapsamında tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca kamu görevlilerinin politik davranışlarının engellenmesinde yasal düzenlemelerin zorlayıcı etkileri, bunun için oluşturulan aktör ve mekanizmalar ile uygulamada üretilen çıktılar gibi meseleler etraflı olarak ortaya konmuştur. Bunların yanı sıra, bu tür kurumsal düzenlerin sürdürülmesine de açıklık getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyaset-idare ayrımı, politik yansızlık, kurumsal düzenlemeler, zorlayıcı etki, Hatch Kanunu

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

Taking the Advantage of the Coercive Effects of Legal Arrangements in Shaping Public Servants’ Political Behaviors: The Case of the Hatch Act

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of legal arrangements in terms of providing neutrality for public servants, and in this essence hindering them from behaving politically. The main rationale motivating this study is basic propositions about the possibile political behaviors of public servants and the necessities of avoiding such behaviors. In fact, it can be assumed that the politics-administration dichotomy has an incredibly deterministic effect in the public administration field. In this scope, some roles have mostly been given to public administrators in terms of just implementing policies and some measures have been taken for providing administrators’ political neutrality. One of the best-known of these measures is the Hatch Act in the USA. The Hatch Act has been built as an institutional order in providing political neutrality of federal, state and local employees. In can also be expressed that several coercive measures were established for building and maintaining this order. For analysis, specific archive documents and other relevant texts were collected by using open sources (i.e. legal documents and internet resources). After collecting data, the content analysis technic was used to find apposite answers for the research questions. This study’s potential contributions are manyfold. Firstly, it defines political or partizan behaviors or activities of public servants in general and more specifically in the scope of the Hatch Act to some extent. Besides this, many issues such as the coercive effects of legal arrangements in hindering political behavior of public servants, established actors and mechanisms for this aim and produced outcomes in implementation have been put forth in detail. Along with these it also clarifies the maintenance of such institutional orders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Politics-administration dichotomy, political neutrality, institutional arrangements, coercive effect, the Hatch Act

Kaynakça

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