Uluslararası Siber Güvenlik Normları ve Sorumlu Siber Egemenlik

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 79 Sayı: 1, 345 - 376, 27.04.2021

Tuba Eldem

Öz

Başlangıçta, devlet düzenlemesi ve müdahalesinden arınmış kişiler-arası özgür ve açık bir iletiş im, haberleş me ve paylaş ma alanı olarak tahayyül edilen siber alan kısa sürede ulusal ve küresel siyasetin temel bir konusu haline gelmiştir. 2007’de Estonya’ya, 2008’de Gürcistan’a ve 2010’da İran’a yönelik devlet-destekli olduğu iddia edilen siber operasyonlar, siber güvenliğin ulusal ve uluslararası bir güvenlik meselesine dönüşmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Her ne kadar siber diplomasi ve uluslararası hukuk, siber alanın militerleşmesini geriden takip etse de son on yılda uluslararası siber güvenlik normların benimsenmesi amacıyla birçok uluslararası girişim olmuştur. Bu makale, Martha Finnemore ve Kathryn Sikkink (1998) tarafından geliştirilen normların yaşam döngüsü modeli çerçevesinde Birleşmiş Milletler’in silahsızlanma ve uluslararası güvenlik konuları ile ilgilenen Birinci Komitesi’nde yirmi yıldan uzun bir süredir uluslararası güvenlik bağlamında devletlerin siber teknoloji kullanımlarına yönelik sürdürülen müzakerelere odaklanarak uluslararası siber güvenlik normlarının ortaya çıkışına ve siber alana ilişkin uluslararası rejimlerin oluşumunun ilk aşamasına, yani norm yaşam döngüsünün başlangıcına ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale, Birleşmiş Milletler’in Birinci Komitesi altında görev yapan Açık Uçlu Çalışma Grubu’nun 2021 yılındaki nihai raporunun siber alanda sorumlu devlet davranışına ilişkin normların ilk aşamadan ikinci aşamaya geçmesi bakımından kritik öneme sahip olduğunu iddia edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası siyaset, Uluslararası normlar, Uluslararası siber güvenlik, Birleşmiş milletler, Uluslararası örgütler, Siber alan, Enformasyon güvenliği, Uluslararası hukuk, Siber savaş, Siber normlar, Uluslararası siber güvenlik normları

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

International Cybersecurity Norms and Responsible Cyber Sovereignty

Öz

Initially envisioned as a free and open communication space between people, free from state regulation and intervention, cyberspace has become a fundamental subject of national and global politics over the last decade. Allegedly state-sponsored cyber operations against Estonia in 2007, Georgia in 2008 and Iran in 2010 played an important role in turning cybersecurity into a national and international security issue. Although the development of cyber diplomacy and international cybersecurity law were left behind the militarization of cyberspace, nevertheless, there have been many international initiatives to adopt international cybersecurity norms in the past decade. Within the framework of the life cycle model of the norms developed by Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink (1998), this article aims to shed light on the emergence of international cybersecurity norms by focusing on the negotiations held at the First Committee of the United Nations for more than twenty years. The article argues that those negotiations held under the First Committee dealing with disarmament and international security issues indicate the first stage of the formation of international rules related to cyberspace, and the negotiations to be completed under the UN Open-Ended Working Group in 2021 is critical for the transition of international cybersecurity norms from the first to the second stage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International politics, International norms, International cyber security, United nations, International organizations, Cyberspace, Information security, International law, Cyber war, Cyber norms, International cybersecurity norms

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