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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ij3dptdi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2602-3350</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-3350</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kerim ÇETİNKAYA</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46519/ij3dptdi.1021837</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Artificial Intelligence</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yapay Zeka</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>CLASSIFICATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A SAMPLE APPLICATION FOR DENİZLİ CITY CENTER</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>YAPAY ZEKÂ KULLANILARAK TRAFİK İŞARET LEVHALARININ SINIFLANDIRILMASI: DENİZLİ İL MERKEZİ İÇİN ÖRNEK BİR UYGULAMA</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-6129</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Palandız</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tolga</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ISPARTA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-7310</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bayrakçı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hilmi Cenk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ISPARTA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-6497</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özkahraman</surname>
                                    <given-names>Merdan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ISPARTA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20211230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>645</fpage>
                                        <lpage>653</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20211110">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20211226">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Today, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable part of our lives with the constantly advancing technological developments. One of the fields of study where artificial neural networks are used is transportation. Artificial intelligence is used in driver support systems applications in order to reduce possible accidents in the field of transportation. In this study, a dataset consisting of images of 4000 traffic sign images in total, both the dataset created individually by taking the photos of the traffic signs and the dataset obtained from the open source website (kaggle.com) was used. The dataset contains 3200 training data and 800 test data. The prepared data sets were trained with three different deep learning methods, namely ResNet50, MobileNetV2 and NASNetMobile, together with the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model, and their performance was evaluated according to the factors of training accuracy, test accuracy, training loss and test loss. With the ResNet50 method, the training accuracy was 97.62%, the test accuracy was 78.75%, the training loss was 0.1%, and the test loss was 6.28%. With the MobileNetV2 method, the training accuracy was 97.8%, the test accuracy was 48.12%, the training loss was 0.38%, and the test loss was 38.34%. With the NASNetMobile method, the training accuracy was 98.56%, the test accuracy was 41.56%, the training loss was 0.1%, and the test loss was 17.28%.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Günümüzde sürekli olarak ilerlemekte olan teknolojik gelişmeler ile yapay zeka hayatımızın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Yapay sinir ağlarının kullanıldığı çalışma alanlarından birisi de ulaşımdır. Ulaşım alanında olası kazaların azaltılması amacıyla sürücü destek sistemleri uygulamalarında yapay zeka kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hem trafik işaret levhalarının fotoğraflarının çekilmesiyle bireysel olarak oluşturulan veri seti hem de açık kaynak erişimli internet sitesinden (kaggle.com) elde edilen veri seti olmak üzere toplamda 4000 adet trafik işaret levhası görüntüsüne ait resimlerden oluşan veri seti kullanılmıştır.  Veri seti 3200 adet eğitim verisi ve 800 adet test verisi içermektedir. Hazırlanan veri setleri CNN (Evrişimli Sinir Ağları) modeliyle birlikte ResNet50, MobileNetV2 ve NASNetMobile olmak üzere üç farklı derin öğrenme metoduyla eğitilerek eğitim doğruluğu, test doğruluğu, eğitim kaybı ve test kaybı faktörlerine göre performansları değerlendirilmiştir. ResNet50 metoduyla eğitim doğruluğu %97.62, test doğruluğu %78.75, eğitim kaybı %0.1 ve test kaybı %6.28 olmuştur. MobileNetV2 metoduyla eğitim doğruluğu %97.8, test doğruluğu %48.12, eğitim kaybı %0.38 ve test kaybı %38.34 olmuştur. NASNetMobile metoduyla eğitim doğruluğu %98.56, test doğruluğu %41.56, eğitim kaybı %0.1 ve test kaybı %17.28 olmuştur.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Yapay Zeka</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Derin Öğrenme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sınıflandırma</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Deep Learning</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Classification</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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