International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 2146-9067 Murat CİNİVİZ 10.18245/ijaet.1523772 Automotive Safety Engineering Otomotiv Güvenlik Mühendisliği Comparative conflict analysis of human-driven and autonomous vehicles at signalized intersections Comparative conflict analysis of human-driven and autonomous vehicles at signalized intersections https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6673-363X Albdairi Mustafa ÇANKAYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-2492 Almusawi Ali ÇANKAYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2950-3993 Qadri Syed Shah Sultan Mohiuddin ÇANKAYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 12 31 2024 13 4 180 190 07 28 2024 10 16 2024 Copyright © 2012, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 2012 International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban traffic systems presents both opportunities and challenges, especially at signalized intersections. This study offers a comparative conflict analysis of human-driven vehicles and AVs at a busy four-legged signalized intersection in Balgat, Ankara, Turkey. Using PTV VISSIM for detailed traffic simulation, the research assesses the effects of various AV driving styles - cautious, normal, aggressive, and a mix of all three - at different penetration rates (25% to 100%), alongside standard human-driven vehicle scenarios. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is employed to analyze safety implications both before and after intersection design calibration. The findings demonstrate notable differences in conflict points between human-driven and AV scenarios. Before calibration, cautious AV behaviors result in higher conflict points due to increased queuing, while aggressive behaviors reduce conflicts through more efficient traffic flow. Human-driven vehicles exhibit varied conflict levels based on driver behavior. After calibration, significant improvements are observed across all scenarios, with aggressive AVs achieving the greatest reduction in conflict points. This study highlights the potential for AVs to improve intersection safety and efficiency when appropriate design calibration measures are implemented.

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban traffic systems presents both opportunities and challenges, especially at signalized intersections. This study offers a comparative conflict analysis of human-driven vehicles and AVs at a busy four-legged signalized intersection in Balgat, Ankara, Turkey. Using PTV VISSIM for detailed traffic simulation, the research assesses the effects of various AV driving styles - cautious, normal, aggressive, and a mix of all three - at different penetration rates (25% to 100%), alongside standard human-driven vehicle scenarios. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) is employed to analyze safety implications both before and after intersection design calibration. The findings demonstrate notable differences in conflict points between human-driven and AV scenarios. Before calibration, cautious AV behaviors result in higher conflict points due to increased queuing, while aggressive behaviors reduce conflicts through more efficient traffic flow. Human-driven vehicles exhibit varied conflict levels based on driver behavior. After calibration, significant improvements are observed across all scenarios, with aggressive AVs achieving the greatest reduction in conflict points. This study highlights the potential for AVs to improve intersection safety and efficiency when appropriate design calibration measures are implemented.

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