Ploidy estimation in pepper and eggplant via stomata characteristics

Abstract

The most reliable methods to confirm the ploidy level in plants are to count the chromosomes or to measure the DNA in the cells by flow cytometry. However, these methods are laborious, time consuming, and require special equipment. In this study, the reliability of stomatal characteristics in confirming the ploidy level was investigated in haploid and spontaneous double haploid (SDH) pepper and eggplant plants. Stomatal characteristics were measured using a digital camera and related software from light microscope images in 100 samples at each ploidy level. Stomatal density, guard cell width and length were measured in random fields of view, and chloroplasts were counted. Mean stomatal lengths were determined as 28.34 µm and 40.39 µm, and mean stomatal widths were determined as 22.52 µm and 29.50 µm respectively for haploid and SDH plants in pepper. The stomatal density was 10.71 in haploid and 27.07 in SDH. Average stomatal lengths were determined as 22.32 µm and 32.00 µm, and mean stomatal widths were determined as 17.36 µm and 22.32 µm, respectively, in haploid and SDH eggplant. The stomatal density of eggplants were found to be 29.20 in haploid plants and 12.61 in SDHs. Chloroplast numbers in guard cells of SDH plants were determined to be 2 fold more than haploids. In haploid and SDH peppers 9.93 and 18.66 chloroplasts were counted, respectively, and 6.39 and 11.19 chloroplasts were counted in eggplants, respectively. There were positive relationships between stomatal size and chloroplast number and ploidy level, and negative relationships between stomatal density and ploidy level, which can be presented as an early marker to determination ploidy levels in both species.

Keywords

• chloroplast
• ploidy level
• stomata
• anther culture

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