The Effect of Different Drying Processes on the Quality of Pepper Seeds Harvested in Uşak Conditions

Abstract

It stated that drying can delay post-harvest metabolic and physiological processes that contribute to the deterioration of seed quality with storage processes. Generally, as a dryer; silica gel, activated charcoal, bentonite, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and zeolite are used. The aim of our study was to determine that different drying methods (FD (frist drying)-SD (second drying)) and post-harvest ripening processes were harvested in Uşak conditions in 3 different maturation periods in the first year after flowering and in 4 different maturation periods in the second year and the change in the viability of pepper seeds. At the end of the applications, parameters such as germination and seedling emergence rate test, and seedling fresh and dry weight and enzyme activity were examined. While pepper seed germination values were tested, the drying and drying+ripening treatments applied to the seed lots that were immature had a positive effect on the results. CAT activity in pepper results, C (control), and PHR (post-harvest ripening) in 60th-day seeds; SOD activity is SD in the first year, C in the second year; APX was found to be high in C and PHR applications. In general, drying and drying+ripening processes according to the harvest periods were found to be advantageous in pepper species.

Keywords

• Pepper
• drying
• postharvest ripening
• enzyme activity
• seed viability

References

1. Alan, O., Eser, B. (2007). Pepper seed yield and quality in relation to fruit position on the mother plant. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 10(23), 4251-4255.
2. Alan, Ö., Eser, B. (2008). The effect of fruit maturity and post-harvest ripening on seed quality in hot and conic pepper cultivars. Seed Science and Technology, 36(2), 467-474.
3. Ali, I., Nulit, R., Ibrahim, M. H., Uddin, M. K. (2017). Deterioration of quality soybean seeds (Glycine Max (L.) Merr. AGS 190) at harvest stages, seed moisture content and storage temperature in Malaysia. Int. J. Biosci, 10, 372-381.
4. Ashok, N. M. S., Gowda, B. (2017). Ultra–dry seed storage: A novel technology for enhancing seed longevity. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(5), 1851-1857.
5. Bektaş, M., 2003, The effect of drying temperature in pepper on the quality of seeds harvested at different growth stages, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
6. Christinal, V., Tholkkappian, P. (2012). Seed quality in chilli influenced by the different types of drying methods. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res, 3, 766-70.
7. Cui, K., Wang, H., Li, K., Liao, S., Li, L., Zhang, C. (2014). Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Ultra‐Dry Storage on Barbados Nut Seeds. Crop Science, 54(4), 1748-1755.
8. Demir, E., Balkaya, A. (2005). Determination of Seed Maturation Periods in Leaf Cabbage Genotypes (Brassica Oleracea var. acephala) in Samsun Ecological Conditions. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 52-56.

9. Demir, İ., Günay, A. (1994). The effect of differences in seed quality on germination, emergence and post-seedling development of cucumber seeds. Bahçe, 23(1-2), 27-32.
10. Gill, S. S., Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930.
11. Groot, S.P.C. Groot, L., 2008, Seed quality in genetic resources conservation, Centre for Genetic Resources of Netherlands (CGN), 11, 1-47.
12. Goncalves, C. P., Oliveira, A. P. (1998). Production and quality of pepper cultivar All-big seeds in Paraiba State. Agropecuaria-Catarinense, 11(3), 52-57.
13. Herter, U., Burris, J. S. (1989). Effect of drying rate and temperature on drying injury of corn seed. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 69(3), 763-774.
14. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), 2003. International Rules for Testing Seed, Seed Science and Technology, 21.Supplement.
15. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), 2005. International rules for seed testing, Edition 2005
16. Jebara, S., Jebara, M., Limam, F., Aouani, M. E. (2005). Changes in ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules under salt stress. Journal of plant physiology, 162(8), 929-936.
17. Navratil, R. J., Burris, J. S. (1984). The effect of drying temperature on corn seed quality. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 64(3), 487-496.
18. Oliveira, A. P., Gonçalves, C. P., Bruno, R. L. A., Alves, E. (1999). Maturação fisiológica de sementes de pimentão, em função de idade de frutos após a antese. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 21(2), 88-94.
19. Sairam, R. K., Saxena, D. C. (2000). Oxidative stress and antioxidants in wheat genotypes: possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184(1), 55-61.
20. Toole, E. H., Hendricks, S. B., Borthwick, H. A., Toole, V. K. (1956). Physiology of seed germination. Annual review of plant physiology, 7(1), 299-324.
21. Vidigal, D. D. S., Dias, D. C. F. S., Pinho, E. V. D. R. V., Dias, L. A. D. S. (2009). Alterações fisiológicas e enzimáticas durante a maturação de sementes de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 31, 129-136.