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Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 30.06.2022

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the fatty acid composition and mineral matter of crude oil from cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seeds, which was grown under cultural conditions. In this study, the oil was obtained from cold press, and different doses of oils were determined to malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in human erythrocytes.
Methods and Results: Its effects on mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and replication index (RI) parameters in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures were examined. According to the results, seeds of cocklebur averaged 30% oil content. The highest fatty acid composition was linoleic acid at 72.624%. The genotoxicity results showed a genotoxic effect to the dose-dependent (0.16, 0.32, and 0.50 µL mL-1). Cocklebur seed oil caused significant decreases in MI and RI values (0.16, 0.32, and 0.50 µL mL-1). Afterwards, MDA level increase, SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and AChE activities of human blood cells significantly decreased in increasing doses of oil compared with not-treated cells, especially from the 0.08 µL mL-1.
Conclusions: Consequently, cytotoxic genotoxic effects are detected in high concentrations, cocklebur oil can be evaluated at lower doses. Antioxidant results also support this opinion.

Proje Numarası

6602b-TBMYO/19-250

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in enzymology, 105: 121-126.
  • Ardabili, A.G., Farhoosh, R., Khodaparast, M.H. (2011). Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo Subsp.pepo Var Styriaka) grown in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13:1053-1063.
  • AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis of the association of analytical chemistry. Supplement (Vol. 15th edn). Washington, DC.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp 963.
  • Bas, H., Ersoy, D.E. (2020). Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44(2):237-248.
  • Bas, H., Kalender, S. (2016). Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and testis-histoarchitecture induced by lead nitrate and mercury chloride in male rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 59: Article ID:16160151.
  • Bas, H., Kalender, S., Pandir, D. (2014.) In vitro effects of quercetin on oxidative stress mediated in human erythrocytes by benzoic acid and citric acid. Folia. Biol. 62(1):59-66. Baydar, H., Erbaş, S. (2014). Yağ Bitkileri Bilimi ve Teknolojisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Yayın No: 97, Isparta.
  • Cesur, C., Eryilmaz, T., Uskutoğlu, T., Doğan, H., Coşge Şenkal, B. (2018.) Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil and its properties as an alternative biodiesel source. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42: 29-37.
  • Chang, F., Hanna, M.A., Zhang, D.J., Li, H., Zhou, Q., Song, B.A., Song, Y. (2013). Production of biodiesel from non-edible herbaceous vegetable oil: Xanthium sibiricum Patr. Bioresource Technology 140: 435-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.111
  • Comelekoglu, U., Yalin, S., Balli, E., Berkoz, M. (2012). Ovariectomy decreases biomechanical quality of skin via oxidative stress in rat. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 42(2):201-209.
  • Coşge Şenkal, B., Uskutoğlu, T., Cesur, C., Özavcı, V., Doğan, H. (2019). Determination of essential oil components, mineral matter, and heavy metal content of Salvia virgata Jacq. grown in culture conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43: 395-404.
  • Drabkin, D.I. (1946). Spectrophotometric studies. XIV, the crystallographic and optical properties of the hemoglobin of man in comparison with those of other species. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 164(2): 703-723.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2): 88-95.
  • Eymirli, S., Torun, H. (2015). Xanthium strumarium. Türkiye İstilacı Bitkiler Kataloğu. T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 229-232s.
  • Fan, W., Fan, L., Peng, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., Li, L., Wang, J., Zhang, D., Peng, W., Wu, C. (2019). Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review. Molecules. 24(2): 359.
  • Fenech, M., Crott, J., Turner, J., Brown, S. (1999). Necrosis, apoptosis, cytostasis and DNA damage in human lymphocytes measured simultaneously within the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: Description of the method and results for hydrogen peroxide. Mutagenesis. 14(6):605-612.
  • Fenech, M. (2007). Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nature Protocols, 2: 1084–1104.
  • Gursoy, M. (2019). Importance of some oil crops in human nutrition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(12): 2154-2158.
  • Gümüş, M., Gümüş, N., Eroğlu, H.E., Koca, I. (2020). Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activities of pyrazole-perimidine hybrids. Chemistry Select, 5(20): 5916-5921.
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J., Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione-S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22):7130-7139.
  • Imer, Y., Taşan, M. (2018). Determination of some micro and macronutrient elements in various cold press vegetable oils. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 15(01):14-25.
  • Iskander, F.Y. (1993). Determination of 17 elements in edible oils and margarine by instrumental neutron-activation analyses. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 70: 803-805.
  • Karaca, E., Aytaç, S. (2007). The Factors Affecting on Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Crops. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Klimakhin, G.I., Fonin, V.S., Maslyakov, V.Y., Fadeev, N.B., Semikin, V.V., Pel’gunova, L.A. (2015). Biochemical features of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 49(8):547-550.
  • Kostyukovsky, M., Rafaeli, A., Gileadi, C., Demchenko, N., Haaya, E. (2002). Activation of octopaminergic receptors by essential oil constituents isolated from aromatic plants: possible mode of action against insect pests. Pest Management Science, 58(11):1101-1106.
  • Marklund, S., Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47(3):469-474.
  • OECD. (2016). Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test. Test No. 487, pp 29.
  • Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2):351-358.
  • Paglia, D.E., Valentine, W.N. (1967). Studies on the quantative and qualitative characterization of glutathione peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 70(1):158-169.
  • Pathak, N., Khandelwal, S. (2006). Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in murine splenocytes exposed to cadmium. Toxicology, 220(1):26–36.
  • Patra, R.C., Rautray, A.K., Swarup, D. (2011). Oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration. Veterinary Medicine International, 20: 1-9.
  • Piloto Ferrer, J., Cozzi, R., Cornetta, T., Stano, P., Fiore, M., Degrassi, F., Salvia, R., Remigio, A., Francisco, M., Quiñones, O., Valdivia, D., González, M.L., Pérez, C., Sánchez-Lamar, A. (2014). Xanthium strumarium L. Extracts produce DNA damage mediated by cytotoxicity in in vitro assays but does not induce micronucleus in mice. BioMed Research International, Article ID:575197.
  • Rozina Asif, S., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Ali, N. (2017). Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-edible seed oils for use as biodiesel in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Rev. 74: 687-702.
  • Ruan, C.J., Xing, W.H., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. (2012). Potential of five plants growing on unproductive agricultural lands as biodiesel resources. Renewable. Energy. 41:191-199.
  • Polatoğlu, K., Karakoc, O.C., Yucel, Y., Gucel, S., Demirci, B., Başer, K.H.C., Demirci, F. (2016). Insecticidal activity of edible Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil against coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. Industrial Crops and Products, 89: 383-389.
  • Samancı, B., Özkaynak, E. (2003.) Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in the Mediterranen region of Turkey. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 189(5): 359-360.
  • Santi, A., Menezes, C., Duarte, M.M.F., Leitemperger, J., Lopes, T., Loro, V.L. (2011). Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro). Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 4(3):149–153.
  • Su, T., Cheng, B.C., Fu, X.Q., Li, T., Guo, H., Cao, H.H., Kwan, H.Y., Kai-Wing Tse, A., Yu, H., Cao, H., Yu, Z.L. (2016). Comparison of the toxicities, bioactivities and chemical profiles of raw and processed Xanthii fructus. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 16: 24.
  • Tosun, A., Özkal, N. (2000). Kanola. Ankara Eczacılık Fakakültesi Dergisi, 29(1): 59-76.
  • Uppstrom, B. (1995). Seed Chemestry. Brassica oil seeds- production and utilization. Wallingford: CAB International, Cambridge. pp 217-242.
  • Uskutoglu, T., Cesur, C., Cosge Senkal, B., Ağar, D. (2018). Evaluation of Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) from Different Viewpoint. Anadolu journal of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute. 28(1): 113 – 118.
  • Witte, S.T., Osweiler, G.D., Stahr, H.M., Mobley, G. (1990). Cocklebur toxicosis in cattle associated with the consumption of mature Xanthium strumarium. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2(4): 263-7.
  • Yetim, H. (2002). Enstrümental Gıda Analizleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Erzurum. 192s.
  • Yu, J., Song, M.Z., Wang, J., Li, Y.F., Lin, P., Que, L., Bao, Z. (2013). In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute and chronic toxicity of Xanthii fructus and its processed product. BioMed Research International, 2013: 1–12.
  • Zaoui, A., Cherrah, Y., Mahassini, N., Alaoui, K., Amarouch, H., Hassar, M. (2002.) Acute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Phytomedicine. 9(1): 69-74.
  • Zhu, H., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, P., Duan, S., Liu, X., Zongqiang, M.A.O. (2006). Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calcium oxide and its refining process. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 27 (5): 391-396.
  • Zor, M., Aslan, E.L. (2020). Assessment of in vitro antigenotoxic effect of Nigella sativa oil. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(1): 115-18.
  • Xue, L.M., Zhang, Q.Y., Han, P., Jiang, Y.P., Yan, R.D., Wang, Y., Rahman, K., Jia, M., Han, T., Qin, L.P. (2014). Hepatotoxic constituents and toxicological mechanism of Xanthium strumarium L. fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152: 272–282.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 30.06.2022

Öz

Destekleyen Kurum

Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

6602b-TBMYO/19-250

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in enzymology, 105: 121-126.
  • Ardabili, A.G., Farhoosh, R., Khodaparast, M.H. (2011). Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo Subsp.pepo Var Styriaka) grown in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13:1053-1063.
  • AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis of the association of analytical chemistry. Supplement (Vol. 15th edn). Washington, DC.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, pp 963.
  • Bas, H., Ersoy, D.E. (2020). Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44(2):237-248.
  • Bas, H., Kalender, S. (2016). Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and testis-histoarchitecture induced by lead nitrate and mercury chloride in male rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 59: Article ID:16160151.
  • Bas, H., Kalender, S., Pandir, D. (2014.) In vitro effects of quercetin on oxidative stress mediated in human erythrocytes by benzoic acid and citric acid. Folia. Biol. 62(1):59-66. Baydar, H., Erbaş, S. (2014). Yağ Bitkileri Bilimi ve Teknolojisi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Yayın No: 97, Isparta.
  • Cesur, C., Eryilmaz, T., Uskutoğlu, T., Doğan, H., Coşge Şenkal, B. (2018.) Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil and its properties as an alternative biodiesel source. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42: 29-37.
  • Chang, F., Hanna, M.A., Zhang, D.J., Li, H., Zhou, Q., Song, B.A., Song, Y. (2013). Production of biodiesel from non-edible herbaceous vegetable oil: Xanthium sibiricum Patr. Bioresource Technology 140: 435-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.111
  • Comelekoglu, U., Yalin, S., Balli, E., Berkoz, M. (2012). Ovariectomy decreases biomechanical quality of skin via oxidative stress in rat. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 42(2):201-209.
  • Coşge Şenkal, B., Uskutoğlu, T., Cesur, C., Özavcı, V., Doğan, H. (2019). Determination of essential oil components, mineral matter, and heavy metal content of Salvia virgata Jacq. grown in culture conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43: 395-404.
  • Drabkin, D.I. (1946). Spectrophotometric studies. XIV, the crystallographic and optical properties of the hemoglobin of man in comparison with those of other species. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 164(2): 703-723.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2): 88-95.
  • Eymirli, S., Torun, H. (2015). Xanthium strumarium. Türkiye İstilacı Bitkiler Kataloğu. T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 229-232s.
  • Fan, W., Fan, L., Peng, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., Li, L., Wang, J., Zhang, D., Peng, W., Wu, C. (2019). Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review. Molecules. 24(2): 359.
  • Fenech, M., Crott, J., Turner, J., Brown, S. (1999). Necrosis, apoptosis, cytostasis and DNA damage in human lymphocytes measured simultaneously within the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: Description of the method and results for hydrogen peroxide. Mutagenesis. 14(6):605-612.
  • Fenech, M. (2007). Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Nature Protocols, 2: 1084–1104.
  • Gursoy, M. (2019). Importance of some oil crops in human nutrition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(12): 2154-2158.
  • Gümüş, M., Gümüş, N., Eroğlu, H.E., Koca, I. (2020). Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activities of pyrazole-perimidine hybrids. Chemistry Select, 5(20): 5916-5921.
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J., Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione-S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22):7130-7139.
  • Imer, Y., Taşan, M. (2018). Determination of some micro and macronutrient elements in various cold press vegetable oils. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 15(01):14-25.
  • Iskander, F.Y. (1993). Determination of 17 elements in edible oils and margarine by instrumental neutron-activation analyses. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 70: 803-805.
  • Karaca, E., Aytaç, S. (2007). The Factors Affecting on Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Crops. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Klimakhin, G.I., Fonin, V.S., Maslyakov, V.Y., Fadeev, N.B., Semikin, V.V., Pel’gunova, L.A. (2015). Biochemical features of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 49(8):547-550.
  • Kostyukovsky, M., Rafaeli, A., Gileadi, C., Demchenko, N., Haaya, E. (2002). Activation of octopaminergic receptors by essential oil constituents isolated from aromatic plants: possible mode of action against insect pests. Pest Management Science, 58(11):1101-1106.
  • Marklund, S., Marklund, G. (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47(3):469-474.
  • OECD. (2016). Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: In vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test. Test No. 487, pp 29.
  • Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2):351-358.
  • Paglia, D.E., Valentine, W.N. (1967). Studies on the quantative and qualitative characterization of glutathione peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 70(1):158-169.
  • Pathak, N., Khandelwal, S. (2006). Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in murine splenocytes exposed to cadmium. Toxicology, 220(1):26–36.
  • Patra, R.C., Rautray, A.K., Swarup, D. (2011). Oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration. Veterinary Medicine International, 20: 1-9.
  • Piloto Ferrer, J., Cozzi, R., Cornetta, T., Stano, P., Fiore, M., Degrassi, F., Salvia, R., Remigio, A., Francisco, M., Quiñones, O., Valdivia, D., González, M.L., Pérez, C., Sánchez-Lamar, A. (2014). Xanthium strumarium L. Extracts produce DNA damage mediated by cytotoxicity in in vitro assays but does not induce micronucleus in mice. BioMed Research International, Article ID:575197.
  • Rozina Asif, S., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Ali, N. (2017). Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-edible seed oils for use as biodiesel in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Rev. 74: 687-702.
  • Ruan, C.J., Xing, W.H., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. (2012). Potential of five plants growing on unproductive agricultural lands as biodiesel resources. Renewable. Energy. 41:191-199.
  • Polatoğlu, K., Karakoc, O.C., Yucel, Y., Gucel, S., Demirci, B., Başer, K.H.C., Demirci, F. (2016). Insecticidal activity of edible Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil against coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. Industrial Crops and Products, 89: 383-389.
  • Samancı, B., Özkaynak, E. (2003.) Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in the Mediterranen region of Turkey. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 189(5): 359-360.
  • Santi, A., Menezes, C., Duarte, M.M.F., Leitemperger, J., Lopes, T., Loro, V.L. (2011). Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro). Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 4(3):149–153.
  • Su, T., Cheng, B.C., Fu, X.Q., Li, T., Guo, H., Cao, H.H., Kwan, H.Y., Kai-Wing Tse, A., Yu, H., Cao, H., Yu, Z.L. (2016). Comparison of the toxicities, bioactivities and chemical profiles of raw and processed Xanthii fructus. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 16: 24.
  • Tosun, A., Özkal, N. (2000). Kanola. Ankara Eczacılık Fakakültesi Dergisi, 29(1): 59-76.
  • Uppstrom, B. (1995). Seed Chemestry. Brassica oil seeds- production and utilization. Wallingford: CAB International, Cambridge. pp 217-242.
  • Uskutoglu, T., Cesur, C., Cosge Senkal, B., Ağar, D. (2018). Evaluation of Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) from Different Viewpoint. Anadolu journal of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute. 28(1): 113 – 118.
  • Witte, S.T., Osweiler, G.D., Stahr, H.M., Mobley, G. (1990). Cocklebur toxicosis in cattle associated with the consumption of mature Xanthium strumarium. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2(4): 263-7.
  • Yetim, H. (2002). Enstrümental Gıda Analizleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Erzurum. 192s.
  • Yu, J., Song, M.Z., Wang, J., Li, Y.F., Lin, P., Que, L., Bao, Z. (2013). In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute and chronic toxicity of Xanthii fructus and its processed product. BioMed Research International, 2013: 1–12.
  • Zaoui, A., Cherrah, Y., Mahassini, N., Alaoui, K., Amarouch, H., Hassar, M. (2002.) Acute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Phytomedicine. 9(1): 69-74.
  • Zhu, H., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, P., Duan, S., Liu, X., Zongqiang, M.A.O. (2006). Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calcium oxide and its refining process. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 27 (5): 391-396.
  • Zor, M., Aslan, E.L. (2020). Assessment of in vitro antigenotoxic effect of Nigella sativa oil. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(1): 115-18.
  • Xue, L.M., Zhang, Q.Y., Han, P., Jiang, Y.P., Yan, R.D., Wang, Y., Rahman, K., Jia, M., Han, T., Qin, L.P. (2014). Hepatotoxic constituents and toxicological mechanism of Xanthium strumarium L. fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152: 272–282.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Original Papers
Yazarlar

Hatice Baş 0000-0001-8296-0360

Halil Erhan Eroğlu 0000-0002-4509-4712

Hülya Doğan 0000-0003-1970-4123

Tansu Uskutoğlu 0000-0001-6631-1723

Belgin Coşge Şenkal 0000-0001-7330-8098

Cuneyt Cesur 0000-0002-1607-363X

Proje Numarası 6602b-TBMYO/19-250
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Baş, H., Eroğlu, H. E., Doğan, H., Uskutoğlu, T., vd. (2022). Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, 6(1), 1-7.
AMA Baş H, Eroğlu HE, Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Coşge Şenkal B, Cesur C. Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells. Int J Agric For Life Sci. Haziran 2022;6(1):1-7.
Chicago Baş, Hatice, Halil Erhan Eroğlu, Hülya Doğan, Tansu Uskutoğlu, Belgin Coşge Şenkal, ve Cuneyt Cesur. “Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) Seed Oil on Human Blood Cells”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 1-7.
EndNote Baş H, Eroğlu HE, Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Coşge Şenkal B, Cesur C (01 Haziran 2022) Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6 1 1–7.
IEEE H. Baş, H. E. Eroğlu, H. Doğan, T. Uskutoğlu, B. Coşge Şenkal, ve C. Cesur, “Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells”, Int J Agric For Life Sci, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 1–7, 2022.
ISNAD Baş, Hatice vd. “Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) Seed Oil on Human Blood Cells”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6/1 (Haziran 2022), 1-7.
JAMA Baş H, Eroğlu HE, Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Coşge Şenkal B, Cesur C. Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2022;6:1–7.
MLA Baş, Hatice vd. “Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) Seed Oil on Human Blood Cells”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, c. 6, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 1-7.
Vancouver Baş H, Eroğlu HE, Doğan H, Uskutoğlu T, Coşge Şenkal B, Cesur C. Evaluation of the chemical composition, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil on human blood cells. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2022;6(1):1-7.

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