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The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 39 - 43, 31.12.2022

Öz

Nigella sativa, “black seed” or “black cumin” belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. It has been applied in folk medicine since ancient times. The phytochemical contents of black cumin are of interest to researchers in agriculture, pharmacology, and energy. Nowadays, it is so popular to be considered losing weight diets. In this study, the oil content and fatty acid composition of a commercial genotype of Nigella sativa L. from Turkey besides the fixed oil antioxidant activity were evaluated. Omega-6 fatty acid was the major fatty acid in the seed oil of studied black cumin, followed by Omage-9, free acid. However, the most composition of the oil was unsaturated fatty acids and could be considered a healthy fat for daily consumption. Moreover, the seed oil showed relatively high antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging capacity.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, G. O., Rahman, M. M., Lee, S. J., Kim, G. B., Kang, H. S., Kim, J. S., & Kim, S. J. (2016). Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed extract against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(3):221-227.
  • Aghabarari, B., Dorostkar, N., & Martinez-Huerta, M. V. (2014). Synthesis of biodiesel from Nigella sativa seed oil using surfactant-Brønsted acidic-combined ionic liquid as catalyst. Fuel processing technology, 118:296-301.
  • Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A. K., Siddique, N. A., ... & Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3(5):337-352.
  • Al Turkmani, M. O., Karabet, F., Mokrani, L., & Soukkarieh, C. (2015). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil from Nigella sativa L. seeds cultivated in Syria. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 8(10):76-82.
  • Ali, B. H., Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research: An international journal devoted to pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of natural product derivatives, 17(4):299-305.
  • Ali, M. A., Sayeed, M. A., Alam, M. S., Yeasmin, M. S., Khan, A. M., & Muhamad, I. I. (2012). Characteristics of oils and nutrient contents of Nigella sativa Linn. and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 26(1).
  • Al-Jassir, M. S. (1992). Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chemistry, 45(4):239-242.
  • Aslan, R. (2019). Siyah Reçete: Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa). Ayrıntı Dergisi, 7(74).
  • Atta, M. B. (2003). Some characteristics of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) seed cultivated in Egypt and its lipid profile. Food chemistry, 83(1):63-68.
  • Aziz, S. A., Kurniawati, A., & Faridah, D. N. (2017). Changes of thymoquinone, thymol, and malondialdehyde content of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in response to Indonesia tropical altitude variation. Hayati Journal of Biosciences, 24(3):156-161.
  • Baytop T, 1984. Türkiye’de Bitkiler İle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 3255, Sanal Matbaacılık, İstanbul, 520 s.
  • Baytöre F, 2011. Bazı Çörekotu (Nigella sativa L.) Populasyonlarının Verim ve Verim Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Tekirdağ.
  • Bozkurt, T., Ergun, Z. (2021). Fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate seed oil. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(2):103-110.
  • Burits, M., Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy research, 14(5):323-328.
  • Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., & Attia, H. (2007). Nigella sativa L.: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food chemistry, 101(2):673-681.
  • Darakhshan, S., Pour, A. B., Colagar, A. H., & Sisakhtnezhad, S. (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacological research, 95:138-158.
  • David, F., Sandra, P., Wylie, P. (2003). Improving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Retention Time Locked Method and Retention Time Databases,” Application Note 5990-4822EN, Agilent Technologies publication 5988-5871EN.
  • De Souza, C. O., Vannice, G. K., Rosa Neto, J. C., & Calder, P. C. (2018). Is palmitoleic acid a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent or control chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders?. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(1):1700504.
  • Ergun, Z. (2021). Seed oil content and fatty acid profiles of endemic Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, Phoenixroebelenii O'Brien, Phoenix caneriensis Hort. Ex Chabaud, and Phoenix dactylifera L. grown in the same locality in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45(5):557-564.
  • Ergun, Z., Bozkurt, T. (2020). Determination of fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of fig seed oil. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 13(2):101-107.
  • Erkan, N., Ayranci, G. Ayranci, E.(2008). Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and sesamol, Food Chem., 110: 76-82.
  • Gharby, S., Harhar, H., Guillaume, D., Roudani, A., Boulbaroud, S., Ibrahimi, M., ... & Charrouf, Z. (2015). Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oil produced in Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2):172-177.
  • Gholamnezhad, Z., Keyhanmanesh, R., & Boskabady, M. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory aspects of Nigella sativa for its preventive and bronchodilatory effects on obstructive respiratory diseases: A review of basic and clinical evidence. Journal of Functional Foods, 17:910-927.
  • Guney, M. (2020). Determination of fatty acid profile and antioxidant activity of Rosehip seeds from Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 4(1):114-118.
  • Gundesli, M.A., (2020). Determination of Sugar contents, Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of various parts ‘Uzun’ pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera L.). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 4(1):52-58.
  • Gundesli, M.A., Kafkas, N.E., Güney, M., Ercisli, S. (2021). Determination of phytochemicals from fresh fruits of fig (Ficus carica L.) at different maturity stages. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 20(2):73–81.
  • Gundesli, M.A., Kafkas, N.E., Kafkas, S., Guney, M., Okatan, V., Usanmaz, S., (2020). Identification and Characterisation of Volatile Compounds Determined by HS/GC-MS Technique in Pulp of ‘Abbas’ Fig (Ficus carica L.) Variety. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 57(3):623-629.
  • Hamrounı‐Sellamı, I. B. T. I. S. S. E. M., Elyes Kchouk, M. O. H. A. M. E. D., & Marzouk, B. (2008). Lipid and aroma composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds from Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 32(3):335-352.
  • Hosseini, S. S., Rezadoost, H., Nadjafi, F., & Asareh, M. H. (2019). Comparative essential oil composition and fatty acid profiling of some Iranian black cumin landraces. Industrial Crops and Products, 140:111628.
  • Keles, H. (2020). Changes of some horticultural characteristics in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit at different ripening stages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44(4):391-398.
  • Khan, A., Chen, H. C., Tania, M., & Zhang, D. Z. (2011). Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin). African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 8(5S).
  • Khan, T. Y., Atabani, A. E., Badruddin, I. A., Ankalgi, R. F., Khan, T. M., & Badarudin, A. (2015). Ceiba pentandra, Nigella sativa and their blend as prospective feedstocks for biodiesel. Industrial Crops and Products, 65:367-373.
  • Kılıc, C., Arabaci, O. (2016). Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa L.)'Nda Farklı Ekim Zamanı Ve Tohumluk Miktarının Verim Ve Kaliteye Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2):49-56.
  • Kiani, M., Alahdadi, I., Soltani, E., Boelt, B., & Benakashani, F. (2020). Variation of seed oil content, oil yield, and fatty acids profile in Iranian Nigella sativa L. landraces. Industrial crops and products, 149:112367.
  • Kostiæ, D. A., Dimitrijeviæ, D. S., Mitiæ, S. S., Mitiæ, M. N., Stojanoviæ, G. S., & Živanoviæ, A. V. (2013). Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of fruit extracts of Morus nigra L (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1):105-110.
  • Maideen, N. M. P. (2020). Prophetic medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds)–potential herb for COVID-19?. Journal of pharmacopuncture, 23(2), 62.
  • Mazaheri, Y., Torbati, M., Azadmard-Damirchi, S., & Savage, G. P. (2019). Effect of roasting and microwave pre-treatments of Nigella sativa L. seeds on lipase activity and the quality of the oil. Food Chemistry, 274:480-486.
  • Moghimi, M., Farzaneh, V., & Bakhshabadi, H. (2018). The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on some selected physicochemical properties of black cumin (Nigella Sativa). Nutrire, 43(1):1-8.
  • Mukhtar, H., Qureshi, A. S., Anwar, F., Mumtaz, M. W., & Marcu, M. (2019). Nigella sativa L. seed and seed oil: Potential sources of high-value components for development of functional foods and nutraceuticals/pharmaceuticals. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(3):171-183.
  • Okatan, V., Bulduk, I., Kakı, B., Gundeslı M.A. Usanmaz, S., Alas, T., Helvacı, M., Kahramanoğlu, I., Hajızadeh, H.S., (2021). Identification and Quantification of Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Pollens. Pak. J. Bot, 53(6): 2241-2250.
  • Pereira, D. M., Correia-da-Silva, G., Valentão, P., Teixeira, N., & Andrade, P. B. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-ol from Marthasterias glacialis: Prevention of CHOP-mediated ER-stress and NF-κB activation. PLoS One, 9(2):e88341.
  • Piras, A., A. Rosa, Marongiu, B., S. Porcedda, Falconieri, D., M.A. Dessi, Ozcelik, B., U. Koca. (2013). Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity of the Volatile and Fixed Oils of Nigella sativa L. Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Industrial Crops and Products. 46: 317-323.
  • Ramadan, M.F., Mörsel, J.T. (2002). Neutral lipid classes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oils. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214:202– 206.
  • Randhawa MA, Alghamdi MS. (2011). Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed) —A review. Am J Chin Med. 39(6): 1075-1091.
  • Salem, M. L. (2005). Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International immunopharmacology, 5(13-14):1749-1770.
  • Scherer, R. and H.T. Godoy. 2009. Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl method. Food Chem., 112: 654-658
  • Sultan, M. T., Butt, M. S., Anjum, F. M., Jamil, A., Akhtar, S., & Nasir, M. (2009). Nutritional profile of indigenous cultivar of black cumin seeds and antioxidant potential of its fixed and essential oil. Pak. J. Bot, 41(3):1321-1330.
  • Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019). Nigella sativa L.(black cumin): a promising natural remedy for wide range of illnesses. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 39 - 43, 31.12.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adam, G. O., Rahman, M. M., Lee, S. J., Kim, G. B., Kang, H. S., Kim, J. S., & Kim, S. J. (2016). Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed extract against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(3):221-227.
  • Aghabarari, B., Dorostkar, N., & Martinez-Huerta, M. V. (2014). Synthesis of biodiesel from Nigella sativa seed oil using surfactant-Brønsted acidic-combined ionic liquid as catalyst. Fuel processing technology, 118:296-301.
  • Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A. K., Siddique, N. A., ... & Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3(5):337-352.
  • Al Turkmani, M. O., Karabet, F., Mokrani, L., & Soukkarieh, C. (2015). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil from Nigella sativa L. seeds cultivated in Syria. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 8(10):76-82.
  • Ali, B. H., Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research: An international journal devoted to pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of natural product derivatives, 17(4):299-305.
  • Ali, M. A., Sayeed, M. A., Alam, M. S., Yeasmin, M. S., Khan, A. M., & Muhamad, I. I. (2012). Characteristics of oils and nutrient contents of Nigella sativa Linn. and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 26(1).
  • Al-Jassir, M. S. (1992). Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chemistry, 45(4):239-242.
  • Aslan, R. (2019). Siyah Reçete: Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa). Ayrıntı Dergisi, 7(74).
  • Atta, M. B. (2003). Some characteristics of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) seed cultivated in Egypt and its lipid profile. Food chemistry, 83(1):63-68.
  • Aziz, S. A., Kurniawati, A., & Faridah, D. N. (2017). Changes of thymoquinone, thymol, and malondialdehyde content of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in response to Indonesia tropical altitude variation. Hayati Journal of Biosciences, 24(3):156-161.
  • Baytop T, 1984. Türkiye’de Bitkiler İle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün). İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 3255, Sanal Matbaacılık, İstanbul, 520 s.
  • Baytöre F, 2011. Bazı Çörekotu (Nigella sativa L.) Populasyonlarının Verim ve Verim Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Tekirdağ.
  • Bozkurt, T., Ergun, Z. (2021). Fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate seed oil. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(2):103-110.
  • Burits, M., Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy research, 14(5):323-328.
  • Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., & Attia, H. (2007). Nigella sativa L.: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food chemistry, 101(2):673-681.
  • Darakhshan, S., Pour, A. B., Colagar, A. H., & Sisakhtnezhad, S. (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacological research, 95:138-158.
  • David, F., Sandra, P., Wylie, P. (2003). Improving the Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Retention Time Locked Method and Retention Time Databases,” Application Note 5990-4822EN, Agilent Technologies publication 5988-5871EN.
  • De Souza, C. O., Vannice, G. K., Rosa Neto, J. C., & Calder, P. C. (2018). Is palmitoleic acid a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent or control chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders?. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(1):1700504.
  • Ergun, Z. (2021). Seed oil content and fatty acid profiles of endemic Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, Phoenixroebelenii O'Brien, Phoenix caneriensis Hort. Ex Chabaud, and Phoenix dactylifera L. grown in the same locality in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45(5):557-564.
  • Ergun, Z., Bozkurt, T. (2020). Determination of fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of fig seed oil. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 13(2):101-107.
  • Erkan, N., Ayranci, G. Ayranci, E.(2008). Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and sesamol, Food Chem., 110: 76-82.
  • Gharby, S., Harhar, H., Guillaume, D., Roudani, A., Boulbaroud, S., Ibrahimi, M., ... & Charrouf, Z. (2015). Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oil produced in Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2):172-177.
  • Gholamnezhad, Z., Keyhanmanesh, R., & Boskabady, M. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory aspects of Nigella sativa for its preventive and bronchodilatory effects on obstructive respiratory diseases: A review of basic and clinical evidence. Journal of Functional Foods, 17:910-927.
  • Guney, M. (2020). Determination of fatty acid profile and antioxidant activity of Rosehip seeds from Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 4(1):114-118.
  • Gundesli, M.A., (2020). Determination of Sugar contents, Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of various parts ‘Uzun’ pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera L.). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 4(1):52-58.
  • Gundesli, M.A., Kafkas, N.E., Güney, M., Ercisli, S. (2021). Determination of phytochemicals from fresh fruits of fig (Ficus carica L.) at different maturity stages. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 20(2):73–81.
  • Gundesli, M.A., Kafkas, N.E., Kafkas, S., Guney, M., Okatan, V., Usanmaz, S., (2020). Identification and Characterisation of Volatile Compounds Determined by HS/GC-MS Technique in Pulp of ‘Abbas’ Fig (Ficus carica L.) Variety. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 57(3):623-629.
  • Hamrounı‐Sellamı, I. B. T. I. S. S. E. M., Elyes Kchouk, M. O. H. A. M. E. D., & Marzouk, B. (2008). Lipid and aroma composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds from Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 32(3):335-352.
  • Hosseini, S. S., Rezadoost, H., Nadjafi, F., & Asareh, M. H. (2019). Comparative essential oil composition and fatty acid profiling of some Iranian black cumin landraces. Industrial Crops and Products, 140:111628.
  • Keles, H. (2020). Changes of some horticultural characteristics in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit at different ripening stages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44(4):391-398.
  • Khan, A., Chen, H. C., Tania, M., & Zhang, D. Z. (2011). Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin). African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 8(5S).
  • Khan, T. Y., Atabani, A. E., Badruddin, I. A., Ankalgi, R. F., Khan, T. M., & Badarudin, A. (2015). Ceiba pentandra, Nigella sativa and their blend as prospective feedstocks for biodiesel. Industrial Crops and Products, 65:367-373.
  • Kılıc, C., Arabaci, O. (2016). Çörek Otu (Nigella Sativa L.)'Nda Farklı Ekim Zamanı Ve Tohumluk Miktarının Verim Ve Kaliteye Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2):49-56.
  • Kiani, M., Alahdadi, I., Soltani, E., Boelt, B., & Benakashani, F. (2020). Variation of seed oil content, oil yield, and fatty acids profile in Iranian Nigella sativa L. landraces. Industrial crops and products, 149:112367.
  • Kostiæ, D. A., Dimitrijeviæ, D. S., Mitiæ, S. S., Mitiæ, M. N., Stojanoviæ, G. S., & Živanoviæ, A. V. (2013). Phenolic content and antioxidant activities of fruit extracts of Morus nigra L (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1):105-110.
  • Maideen, N. M. P. (2020). Prophetic medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds)–potential herb for COVID-19?. Journal of pharmacopuncture, 23(2), 62.
  • Mazaheri, Y., Torbati, M., Azadmard-Damirchi, S., & Savage, G. P. (2019). Effect of roasting and microwave pre-treatments of Nigella sativa L. seeds on lipase activity and the quality of the oil. Food Chemistry, 274:480-486.
  • Moghimi, M., Farzaneh, V., & Bakhshabadi, H. (2018). The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on some selected physicochemical properties of black cumin (Nigella Sativa). Nutrire, 43(1):1-8.
  • Mukhtar, H., Qureshi, A. S., Anwar, F., Mumtaz, M. W., & Marcu, M. (2019). Nigella sativa L. seed and seed oil: Potential sources of high-value components for development of functional foods and nutraceuticals/pharmaceuticals. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(3):171-183.
  • Okatan, V., Bulduk, I., Kakı, B., Gundeslı M.A. Usanmaz, S., Alas, T., Helvacı, M., Kahramanoğlu, I., Hajızadeh, H.S., (2021). Identification and Quantification of Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Pollens. Pak. J. Bot, 53(6): 2241-2250.
  • Pereira, D. M., Correia-da-Silva, G., Valentão, P., Teixeira, N., & Andrade, P. B. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids and ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-ol from Marthasterias glacialis: Prevention of CHOP-mediated ER-stress and NF-κB activation. PLoS One, 9(2):e88341.
  • Piras, A., A. Rosa, Marongiu, B., S. Porcedda, Falconieri, D., M.A. Dessi, Ozcelik, B., U. Koca. (2013). Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity of the Volatile and Fixed Oils of Nigella sativa L. Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Industrial Crops and Products. 46: 317-323.
  • Ramadan, M.F., Mörsel, J.T. (2002). Neutral lipid classes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oils. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214:202– 206.
  • Randhawa MA, Alghamdi MS. (2011). Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed) —A review. Am J Chin Med. 39(6): 1075-1091.
  • Salem, M. L. (2005). Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International immunopharmacology, 5(13-14):1749-1770.
  • Scherer, R. and H.T. Godoy. 2009. Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl method. Food Chem., 112: 654-658
  • Sultan, M. T., Butt, M. S., Anjum, F. M., Jamil, A., Akhtar, S., & Nasir, M. (2009). Nutritional profile of indigenous cultivar of black cumin seeds and antioxidant potential of its fixed and essential oil. Pak. J. Bot, 41(3):1321-1330.
  • Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019). Nigella sativa L.(black cumin): a promising natural remedy for wide range of illnesses. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Bilimi
Bölüm Original Papers
Yazarlar

Mozhgan Zarıfıkhosroshahı 0000-0001-5491-1430

Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu 0000-0001-5004-4771

Zeynep Ergun 0000-0002-9868-9488

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Zarıfıkhosroshahı, M., Tanur Erkoyuncu, M., & Ergun, Z. (2022). The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, 6(2), 39-43.
AMA Zarıfıkhosroshahı M, Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Ergun Z. The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey. Int J Agric For Life Sci. Aralık 2022;6(2):39-43.
Chicago Zarıfıkhosroshahı, Mozhgan, Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu, ve Zeynep Ergun. “The Fatty Acid Composition of Nigella Sativa from Turkey”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 39-43.
EndNote Zarıfıkhosroshahı M, Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Ergun Z (01 Aralık 2022) The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6 2 39–43.
IEEE M. Zarıfıkhosroshahı, M. Tanur Erkoyuncu, ve Z. Ergun, “The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey”, Int J Agric For Life Sci, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 39–43, 2022.
ISNAD Zarıfıkhosroshahı, Mozhgan vd. “The Fatty Acid Composition of Nigella Sativa from Turkey”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 6/2 (Aralık 2022), 39-43.
JAMA Zarıfıkhosroshahı M, Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Ergun Z. The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2022;6:39–43.
MLA Zarıfıkhosroshahı, Mozhgan vd. “The Fatty Acid Composition of Nigella Sativa from Turkey”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, c. 6, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 39-43.
Vancouver Zarıfıkhosroshahı M, Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Ergun Z. The fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa from Turkey. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2022;6(2):39-43.

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