Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions

Bayram Kılıç; Emre Arabacı

doi:10.30939/ijastech..1740799

Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions

Abstract

Hybrid electric vehicles aim to both increase fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. However, integrating these two power sources most efficiently requires complex engineering and design decisions. The performance and environmental impact of hybrid electric vehicles depend not only on the efficiency of the engines but also on the vehicle's operating conditions and powertrain design. Therefore, understanding how hybrid electric vehicles perform in real-world scenarios and thoroughly examining the factors that affect their performance is critical for future vehicle designs. This study presents a performance and environmental assessment of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) under quasi-realistic operating conditions. We considered the influence of resistance forces on the demanded traction force. For a real vehicle, performance characteristic curves were derived through calculations utilizing actual performance maps of the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and generator. Furthermore, the impact of power-split mechanism design parameters on vehicle performance was investigated. While keeping the planetary gear unit's gear ratio constant, the angular velocity ratio (ω_R/ω_s) between the ring gear and sun gear was evaluated. Findings indicate that a low ω_R/ω_s value enhances the effective hybridization factor but limits the vehicle's ability to reach desired high velocities. Conversely, a high ω_R/ω_s increases battery power demand to achieve the required vehicle power. From an environmental perspective, a high ω_R/ω_s value proved more advantageous for CO2 equivalent emissions. These findings offer valuable guidance for HEV designers.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Bayram Kılıç ^*
0000-0002-8577-1845
Türkiye

Emre Arabacı
0000-0002-6219-7246
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1740799

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99AT54UN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kılıç, B., & Arabacı, E. (2025). Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 9(3), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1740799

AMA

1.Kılıç B, Arabacı E. Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions. IJASTECH. 2025;9(3):427-435. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1740799

Chicago

Kılıç, Bayram, and Emre Arabacı. 2025. “Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9 (3): 427-35. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1740799.

EndNote

Kılıç B, Arabacı E (September 1, 2025) Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9 3 427–435.

IEEE

[1]B. Kılıç and E. Arabacı, “Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions”, IJASTECH, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 427–435, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1740799.

ISNAD

Kılıç, Bayram - Arabacı, Emre. “Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 9/3 (September 1, 2025): 427-435. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1740799.

JAMA

1.Kılıç B, Arabacı E. Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions. IJASTECH. 2025;9:427–435.

MLA

Kılıç, Bayram, and Emre Arabacı. “Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 427-35, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1740799.

Vancouver

1.Bayram Kılıç, Emre Arabacı. Performance and Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split Device Under Quasi-Realistic Operating Conditions. IJASTECH. 2025 Sep. 1;9(3):427-35. doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1740799

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