Effect of Lateral Deviation on Braking Dynamics of Automotive Brake Discs

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1st Future of Vehicles Conf., 101 - 109, 17.12.2025

Gergo Sutheo

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1838956

Abstract

The advancement of the automotive industry and its associated challenges necessitate the application of modern diagnostic methods for fault detection and the prevention of potential failures. The aim of this scientific publication is to investigate the braking behavior of brake discs subjected to varying degrees of lateral deviation, using noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) diagnostic methods. The research aims to support the development and broader adop-tion of advanced, autonomous maintenance procedures. During the experimental program, a seventh-generation electric Volkswagen e-Golf brake disc was tested under both laboratory and real-world proving ground conditions. The results of the analysis show that as the brake disc run-out increased, lateral acceleration values intensified (pulsation was observed); these vibra-tions were clearly perceptible through the steering wheel during testing. Based on the acquired data, the differences in braking dynamics were analysed. Using the applied NVH method, along with the selected measurement points, provided a reliable diagnostic procedure. The findings support preventive maintenance and improved design reliability. Quantitatively, increasing disc run-out from 0.02 mm (OEM) to 0.12 mm (defective aftermarket) raised lateral acceleration peaks at the wheel carrier from within ±1 g to nearly ±3 g and lengthened the average braking distance from 39 m to 41.5 m at 100 km/h (n=3 per disc). These findings indicate a measurable safety impact under otherwise identical conditions.

Keywords

Brake distance , Lateral misalignment , NVH diagnostic , Proving ground

References

• [1] Sabri M, Fauza A. Analysis of vehicle braking behaviour and distance stopping. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2018;309:012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/309/1/012020
• [2] Abdi Kordani A, Rahmani O, Abdollahzadeh Nasiri AS, Boroomandrad SM. Effect of adverse weather conditions on vehicle braking distance of highways. Civil Engineering Journal. 2018;4:46. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-030967
• [3] Karaman U, Korucu T. The effect of braking effect on driving cycle on vehicle movement. Engineering Perspective. 2023;3(2):10-19. https://doi.org/10.29228/eng.pers.69826
• [4] Haidar F, et al. Integrated vehicle dynamics modeling, path tracking, and the role of braking effect on vehicle movement: An offline approach for autonomous driving. Engineering Perspective. 2024;4(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.29228/eng.pers.75355
• [5] Biçer SG, Katmer MC. Study on the flexible dynamic analysis of the wheel loader under working conditions and comparison with static FEA results. Engineering Perspective. 2023;3(4):57-62. https://doi.org/10.29228/eng.pers.72736
• [6] Li W, Yang X, Wang S, Xiao J, Hou Q. Comprehensive analysis on the performance and material of automobile brake discs. Metals (Basel). 2020;10(3):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030377
• [7] Wei L, Choy YS, Cheung CS. A study of brake contact pairs under different friction conditions with respect to characteristics of brake pad surfaces. Tribol Int. 2019;138:99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.05.016
• [8] Sugira JC, Ninteretse JDD, Nshimiyimana M, Niyogakiza P. Comparative analysis of road safety performance in Sub-Saharan African countries using road safety performance index. Engineering Perspective. 2025;5(2):90-99. https://doi.org/10.29228/eng.pers.77134
• [9] Akbulut F, Mutlu İ. Experimental comparison of manufacturing parameters in automotive friction materials. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology. 2024;8(2):167-178. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1425382
• [10] Mony Parameswaran AM, Jagannatha G, Madhu M. Design optimization of vanes in ventilated brake disc. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology. 2025;9(3):409-416. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1701708
• [11] Erd A, Jaskiewicz M, Koralewski G, Rutkowski D, Stoklosa J. Experimental research of effectiveness of brakes in passenger cars under selected conditions. In: 2018 XI International Science-Technical Conference Automotive Safety (AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY). IEEE; 2018. p. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/AUTOSAFE.2018.8373299
• [12] Synák F, Jakubovičová L, Klačko M. Impact of the choice of available brake discs and brake pads at different prices on selected vehicle features. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2022;12(14):7325. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147325
• [13] Allam S, Nader F, Abdelwahed K. Vehicle braking distance characterization using different brake types. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2022;09. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V9/i3/IRJET-V9I3200.pdf
• [14] Ćatić D, Vasiljević S, Jovanović Ž, Ćatic V. Disc brake failure analysis of the motor vehicle braking system. Kragujevac; 2024. https://scidar.kg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/22156
• [15] Jegadeeshwaran R, Sugumaran V. Method and apparatus for fault diagnosis of automobile brake system using vibration signals. Recent Patents on Signal Processing. 2013;3:2-11. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210686311303010002
• [16] Dózsa T, Őri P, Szabari M, Simonyi E, Soumelidis A, Lakatos I. Brake disc deformation detection using intuitive feature extraction and machine learning. Machines. 2024;12(4):214. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12040214
• [17] Gajek A. Diagnostics monitor of the braking efficiency in the on board diagnostics system for the motor vehicles. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2016;148:012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/148/1/012038
• [18] Bin Z, Cong W, Xue L. Research on surface defect detection system of brake disc. In: IMCEC 2022 - IEEE 5th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. IEEE; 2022. p. 630-634. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMCEC55388.2022.10019860
• [19] Guo Y, Zhang X, Dong Z. Car brake disc surface defect detection based on improved YOLOv5. IEEE Access. 2024;12:68601-68610. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3399547