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GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 27 - 38, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1039491

Öz

This study was conducted of traffic noise which affected on urban traffic noise of selected roadside school as acoustic comfort for selected locations (near school buildings) of Burdwan town and the ambient noise was recorded during four different time periods (early morning, late morning, afternoon and evening). Geographical Information System (GIS) based Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolating technique was used to identify the vulnerability of noise pollution in mixed areas of schools. The different acoustic descriptor such as Leq, L90, L50, L10, noise climate (NC), traffic noise index (TNI) and noise pollution level (NPL) were evaluated, while a community study was also simultaneously conducted. The results revealed that the average Leq, L90, L50, L10 varied from 76.5 dB (A) to 78.6 dB (A), 58.2 dB (A) to 60 dB (A), 65.6 (A) to 67.3 dB (A) and 86.6 (A) to 94.5 dB (A), respectively. It was observed that the noise climate reached its peak in the afternoon (35.7 ± dB (A)) and was the lowest in the evening (27.8 ± dB (A)). The health data indicated that about 71% and 8% of the inhabitants near the schools were suffering from irritation and sleeping problems respectively. The similar correlation study revealed that Leq (r = 0.484, p < 0.679), L90 (r = 0.871, p < 0.327), and L50 (r = 0.507, p < 0.662) were strongly correlated with sleep disturbance. It may therefore be safely concluded that school children in the subject schools being exposed to the same levels of hazard as the residents in the immediate vicinity were probably suffering from similar problems.

Destekleyen Kurum

ICSSR

Proje Numarası

IMPRESS/P1115/552/SC/2018-19/ ICSSR dated 20.09.2019

Teşekkür

This research work was financially supported by the funding agency ICSSR, a national body by Government of India, under IMPRESS scheme vide Memo No: IMPRESS/P1115/552/SC/2018-19/ ICSSR dated 20.09.2019. The authors express their sincere gratitude to all the faculty members and staff in the Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, for their moral support and valuable suggestions in preparation of this manuscript.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Thakre C, Laxmi V, Vijay R, Killedar DJ, Kumar R. Traffic noise prediction model of an Indian road: an increased scenario of vehicles and honking. Environmental Science and Pollution Resesarch. 2020; 27: 38311-38320.
  • [2] Mondal NK, Ghatak B. Vulnerability of school children exposed to traffic noise. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2014; 3(2): 45-52.
  • [3] Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. No. 14 of 1981, [29/03/1981]-The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended 1987. http://www.moef.nic.in/legis/air/air1.html .
  • [4] Amoatey P, Omidvarbona H, Baawain MS, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Mamun A, Al-Harthy I. Exposure assessment to road traffic noise levels and health effects in an arid urban area. Environmental Science and Pollution Resesarch. 2020; 27: 35051–35064. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09785-y
  • [5] Pignier N. The impact of traffic noise on economy and environment: a short literature study. 2015; ISBN 998-91-7595-615-2 kth Royal Institute of Technology.
  • [6] European Environmental Agency. Noise in Europe EEA Report No. 10/2014, 2014; ISSN 1977-8449.
  • [7] Woolner P, Hall E. Noise in Schools: A Holistic Approach to the Issue. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010; 7(8): 3255–3269. doi:10.3390/ijerph7083255
  • [8] Doygun H, Kuşat GD. Analysing and mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of urban traffic noise pollution: a case study in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2008; 142(1-3): 65–72. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9908-7
  • [9] Stansfeld S, Berglund B, Clark C, Lopez-Barrio I, Fischer P, Öhrström E, Haines MM, Head J, Hygge S, van Kamp I, Berry B. Aircraft and road traffic noise and children’s cognition and health: a cross-national study. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9475): 1942–1949. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66660-3
  • [10] World Health Organization. Noise: Facts and Figures. 2011; Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-do/health-topics/environment-and health/noise/facts-and-figures.
  • [11] Mondal NK. Vehicle noise interference and its impact on the community. International Journal of Current Science. 2013; 5: 161-169.
  • [12] Shield BM, Dockrell JE. The effects of environmental and classroom noise on the academic attainments of primary school children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2008; 123(1): 133–144. doi:10.1121/1.2812596
  • [13] Sanz SA, García AM, García A. Road traffic noise around schools: a risk for pupil’s performance? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 1993; 65(3): 205–207 doi:10.1007/bf00381157.
  • [14] Romero J, Lliso D. Perception and acoustic conditions in secondary Spanish school, proceedings of the 15th International congress an aqustices, Trondheim, Norway. 1995; 271-274.
  • [15] Clark C, Martin R, van Kempen E, Alfred T, Head J, Davies HW, Stansfeld SA. Exposure-Effect Relations between Aircraft and Road Traffic Noise Exposure at School and Reading Comprehension. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2005; 163(1): 27–37. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj001
  • [16] Haines MM, Stansfeld SA, Job RFS, Berglund B, Head J. Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in school children. Psychological Medicine. 2001; 31(02). doi:10.1017/s0033291701003282
  • [17] Babisch, W. Updated exposure-response relationship between road traffic noise and coronary heart diseases: a meta-analysis. Noise & Health. 2014; 16: 1–9.
  • [18] Basner M, Babisch W, Davis A, Brink M, Clark C, Janssen S, Stansfeld S. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. The Lancet. 2014; 383(9925): 1325–1332. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61613-x
  • [19] Miedema HME, Vos H. Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance and Environmental Noise Based on Reanalyses of Pooled Data From 24 Studies. Behavioral sleep medicine. 2007; 5(1): 1–20. doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0501_1
  • [20] Christensen JS, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Nordsborg RB, Jensen SS, Sørensen TIA, Sørensen M. Long-term exposure to residential traffic noise and changes in body weight and waist circumference: A cohort study. Environmental Research. 2015; 143: 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.007
  • [21] Sørensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Becker T, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incident Diabetes: A Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2013; 121(2): 217–222. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205503
  • [22] Oftedal B, Krog NH, Pyko A, Eriksson C, Graff-Iversen S, Haugen M, Schwarze P, Pershagen G, Aasvang GM. Road traffic noise and markers of obesity – A population-based study. Environmental Research. 2015; 138: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.011
  • [23] Pyko A, Eriksson C, Oftedal B, Hilding A, Östenson CG, Krog NH, Julin B, Gunn MA, Pershagen G. Exposure to traffic noise and markers of obesity. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2015; 72(8): 594–601. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102516
  • [24] Ericsson C, Hilding A, Pyko A, Bluhm G, Pershagen G, Ostenson CG. Longterm aircraft noise exposure and body mass index, waist circumference, and type 2 diabetes: a perspective study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2014; 122(7): 687-94. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307115.
  • [25] Van Cauter E, Knutson KL. Associations between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008; 1129(1): 287–304. doi:10.1196/annals.1417.033
  • [26] Chaput JP, Després JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Reduced Leptin Levels and Increased Adiposity: Results from the Québec Family Study. Obesity. 2007; 15 (1): 253–261. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.512 [27] Patel SR, Hu FB. Short Sleep Duration and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review. Obesity. 2008; 16(3): 643–653. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.118
  • [28] Zamin PHT, Marcon CR. Objective and subjective evaluation of the acoustic comfort in classrooms. Applied Ergonomics. 2007; 38(5): 675-680.
  • [29] Sordello R, DeLachapelle FF, Livoreil B, Vanpeene S. Evidence of the environmental impact of noise pollution on biodiversity: a synthesis map protocol. Environmental Evidence. 2019; 8:8 doi:10.1186/513750-019-0146-6.
  • [30] Casas WJP, Cordeiro EP, Mello TC, Zamin PHT. Noise mapping as a tool for controlling industrial noise pollution. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2014; 73: 262-266.
  • [31] https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/censusdata2011.html
  • [32] Banerjee D, Chakraborty SK, Bhattacharyya S, Gangopadhyay A. Attitudinal response towards road traffic noise in the industrial town of Asansol, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2009; 151: 37–44. Doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0247-0
  • [33] Banerjee, D., Chakraborty SK. Ambient noise quality around sensitive areas in asansol city, West Bengal, India. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning. 2005; 10(3): 907–910.
  • [34] Banerjee D, Chakraborty SK. Monthly variation in night time noise level in residential areas of Asansol City. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 2006; 48(1) :39–44.
  • [35] WHO. Night noise guidelines for Europe: World Health Organization. Regional office for Europe. 2009.
  • [36] Harman BI, Koseoglu H, Yigit CO. Performance evaluation of IDW, Kriging and multiquadric interpolation methods in producing noise mapping: A case study at the city of Isparta, Turkey. Applied Acoustics. 2016; 112: 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.05.024
  • [37] Langdon FJ, Scholes W. The Traffic Noise Index: A Method of Controlling Noise Nuisance. 1968.
  • [38] Cohn LF, McVoy. GR Environmental analysis of transportation systems. 1982.
  • [39] Zhang M, Kang J, Jiao F. A social survey on the noise impact in open-plan working environments in China. Science of the Total Environment. 2012; 438: 517–526.
  • [40] Karimi A, Nasiri S, Kazerooni F, Oliaei M. Noise induced hearing loss risk assessment in truck drivers. Noise and Health. 2010; 12(46): 49. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.59999
  • [41] Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni TMH, Moradi H. Noise Pollution and Traffic Noise Index on Mashhad Main Streets during the Busiest Hours of Summer. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics. 2005; 2(3): 21-30.
  • [42] Paschalidou A K, Kassomenos P, Chonianaki F, Valkouma T. 3-year noise monitoring and strategic noise mapping in an extended motorway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26: 15608–15616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04966-w
  • [43] Wu J, Zou C, He S, Sun X, Wang X, Yan Q. Traffic noise exposure of high-rise residential buildings in urban area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26: 8502–8515. Doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04640-1
  • [44] Colten R, Altevogt BM. Sleep disorders and Sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. National Academic Press (US), Washington (DC). 2006. [45] Begou P, Kassomenos P. Exposure to the road traffic noise in an urban complex in Greece: the quantification of healthy life years lost due to noise-induced annoyance and noise-induced sleep disturbances. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11190-4
  • [46] Khaiwal R, Singh T, Tripathy JP, Mor S, Munjal S, Patro B, Panda N. Assessment of noise pollution in and around a sensitive zone in North India and its non-auditory impacts. Science of the Total Environment. 2016; 566–567: 981-987.
  • [47] Babisch, W. The noise/stress concept, risk assessment and research needs. Noise & Health. 2002; 4: 1-11.
  • [48] Pirrera S, De Valck E, Cluydts R. Nocturnal road traffic noise: A review on its assessment and consequences on sleep and health. Environment International. 2010; 36(5): 492–498. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.007
  • [49] Babisch, W. Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise & Health. 2003; 5: 1–11.
  • [50] Wen X, Lu G, Lv K, Jin M, Shi X, Lu F, Zhao D. Impacts of traffic noise on roadside secondary schools in a prototype large Chinese city. Applied Acoustics. 2019; 151: 153–163. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.02.024
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 27 - 38, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1039491

Öz

Proje Numarası

IMPRESS/P1115/552/SC/2018-19/ ICSSR dated 20.09.2019

Kaynakça

  • [1] Thakre C, Laxmi V, Vijay R, Killedar DJ, Kumar R. Traffic noise prediction model of an Indian road: an increased scenario of vehicles and honking. Environmental Science and Pollution Resesarch. 2020; 27: 38311-38320.
  • [2] Mondal NK, Ghatak B. Vulnerability of school children exposed to traffic noise. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2014; 3(2): 45-52.
  • [3] Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. No. 14 of 1981, [29/03/1981]-The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended 1987. http://www.moef.nic.in/legis/air/air1.html .
  • [4] Amoatey P, Omidvarbona H, Baawain MS, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Mamun A, Al-Harthy I. Exposure assessment to road traffic noise levels and health effects in an arid urban area. Environmental Science and Pollution Resesarch. 2020; 27: 35051–35064. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09785-y
  • [5] Pignier N. The impact of traffic noise on economy and environment: a short literature study. 2015; ISBN 998-91-7595-615-2 kth Royal Institute of Technology.
  • [6] European Environmental Agency. Noise in Europe EEA Report No. 10/2014, 2014; ISSN 1977-8449.
  • [7] Woolner P, Hall E. Noise in Schools: A Holistic Approach to the Issue. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010; 7(8): 3255–3269. doi:10.3390/ijerph7083255
  • [8] Doygun H, Kuşat GD. Analysing and mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of urban traffic noise pollution: a case study in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2008; 142(1-3): 65–72. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9908-7
  • [9] Stansfeld S, Berglund B, Clark C, Lopez-Barrio I, Fischer P, Öhrström E, Haines MM, Head J, Hygge S, van Kamp I, Berry B. Aircraft and road traffic noise and children’s cognition and health: a cross-national study. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9475): 1942–1949. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66660-3
  • [10] World Health Organization. Noise: Facts and Figures. 2011; Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-do/health-topics/environment-and health/noise/facts-and-figures.
  • [11] Mondal NK. Vehicle noise interference and its impact on the community. International Journal of Current Science. 2013; 5: 161-169.
  • [12] Shield BM, Dockrell JE. The effects of environmental and classroom noise on the academic attainments of primary school children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2008; 123(1): 133–144. doi:10.1121/1.2812596
  • [13] Sanz SA, García AM, García A. Road traffic noise around schools: a risk for pupil’s performance? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 1993; 65(3): 205–207 doi:10.1007/bf00381157.
  • [14] Romero J, Lliso D. Perception and acoustic conditions in secondary Spanish school, proceedings of the 15th International congress an aqustices, Trondheim, Norway. 1995; 271-274.
  • [15] Clark C, Martin R, van Kempen E, Alfred T, Head J, Davies HW, Stansfeld SA. Exposure-Effect Relations between Aircraft and Road Traffic Noise Exposure at School and Reading Comprehension. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2005; 163(1): 27–37. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj001
  • [16] Haines MM, Stansfeld SA, Job RFS, Berglund B, Head J. Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in school children. Psychological Medicine. 2001; 31(02). doi:10.1017/s0033291701003282
  • [17] Babisch, W. Updated exposure-response relationship between road traffic noise and coronary heart diseases: a meta-analysis. Noise & Health. 2014; 16: 1–9.
  • [18] Basner M, Babisch W, Davis A, Brink M, Clark C, Janssen S, Stansfeld S. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. The Lancet. 2014; 383(9925): 1325–1332. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61613-x
  • [19] Miedema HME, Vos H. Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance and Environmental Noise Based on Reanalyses of Pooled Data From 24 Studies. Behavioral sleep medicine. 2007; 5(1): 1–20. doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0501_1
  • [20] Christensen JS, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Nordsborg RB, Jensen SS, Sørensen TIA, Sørensen M. Long-term exposure to residential traffic noise and changes in body weight and waist circumference: A cohort study. Environmental Research. 2015; 143: 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.007
  • [21] Sørensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Becker T, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incident Diabetes: A Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2013; 121(2): 217–222. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205503
  • [22] Oftedal B, Krog NH, Pyko A, Eriksson C, Graff-Iversen S, Haugen M, Schwarze P, Pershagen G, Aasvang GM. Road traffic noise and markers of obesity – A population-based study. Environmental Research. 2015; 138: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.011
  • [23] Pyko A, Eriksson C, Oftedal B, Hilding A, Östenson CG, Krog NH, Julin B, Gunn MA, Pershagen G. Exposure to traffic noise and markers of obesity. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2015; 72(8): 594–601. doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102516
  • [24] Ericsson C, Hilding A, Pyko A, Bluhm G, Pershagen G, Ostenson CG. Longterm aircraft noise exposure and body mass index, waist circumference, and type 2 diabetes: a perspective study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2014; 122(7): 687-94. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307115.
  • [25] Van Cauter E, Knutson KL. Associations between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008; 1129(1): 287–304. doi:10.1196/annals.1417.033
  • [26] Chaput JP, Després JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Reduced Leptin Levels and Increased Adiposity: Results from the Québec Family Study. Obesity. 2007; 15 (1): 253–261. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.512 [27] Patel SR, Hu FB. Short Sleep Duration and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review. Obesity. 2008; 16(3): 643–653. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.118
  • [28] Zamin PHT, Marcon CR. Objective and subjective evaluation of the acoustic comfort in classrooms. Applied Ergonomics. 2007; 38(5): 675-680.
  • [29] Sordello R, DeLachapelle FF, Livoreil B, Vanpeene S. Evidence of the environmental impact of noise pollution on biodiversity: a synthesis map protocol. Environmental Evidence. 2019; 8:8 doi:10.1186/513750-019-0146-6.
  • [30] Casas WJP, Cordeiro EP, Mello TC, Zamin PHT. Noise mapping as a tool for controlling industrial noise pollution. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2014; 73: 262-266.
  • [31] https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/censusdata2011.html
  • [32] Banerjee D, Chakraborty SK, Bhattacharyya S, Gangopadhyay A. Attitudinal response towards road traffic noise in the industrial town of Asansol, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2009; 151: 37–44. Doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0247-0
  • [33] Banerjee, D., Chakraborty SK. Ambient noise quality around sensitive areas in asansol city, West Bengal, India. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning. 2005; 10(3): 907–910.
  • [34] Banerjee D, Chakraborty SK. Monthly variation in night time noise level in residential areas of Asansol City. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 2006; 48(1) :39–44.
  • [35] WHO. Night noise guidelines for Europe: World Health Organization. Regional office for Europe. 2009.
  • [36] Harman BI, Koseoglu H, Yigit CO. Performance evaluation of IDW, Kriging and multiquadric interpolation methods in producing noise mapping: A case study at the city of Isparta, Turkey. Applied Acoustics. 2016; 112: 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.05.024
  • [37] Langdon FJ, Scholes W. The Traffic Noise Index: A Method of Controlling Noise Nuisance. 1968.
  • [38] Cohn LF, McVoy. GR Environmental analysis of transportation systems. 1982.
  • [39] Zhang M, Kang J, Jiao F. A social survey on the noise impact in open-plan working environments in China. Science of the Total Environment. 2012; 438: 517–526.
  • [40] Karimi A, Nasiri S, Kazerooni F, Oliaei M. Noise induced hearing loss risk assessment in truck drivers. Noise and Health. 2010; 12(46): 49. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.59999
  • [41] Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni TMH, Moradi H. Noise Pollution and Traffic Noise Index on Mashhad Main Streets during the Busiest Hours of Summer. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics. 2005; 2(3): 21-30.
  • [42] Paschalidou A K, Kassomenos P, Chonianaki F, Valkouma T. 3-year noise monitoring and strategic noise mapping in an extended motorway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26: 15608–15616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04966-w
  • [43] Wu J, Zou C, He S, Sun X, Wang X, Yan Q. Traffic noise exposure of high-rise residential buildings in urban area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26: 8502–8515. Doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04640-1
  • [44] Colten R, Altevogt BM. Sleep disorders and Sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. National Academic Press (US), Washington (DC). 2006. [45] Begou P, Kassomenos P. Exposure to the road traffic noise in an urban complex in Greece: the quantification of healthy life years lost due to noise-induced annoyance and noise-induced sleep disturbances. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11190-4
  • [46] Khaiwal R, Singh T, Tripathy JP, Mor S, Munjal S, Patro B, Panda N. Assessment of noise pollution in and around a sensitive zone in North India and its non-auditory impacts. Science of the Total Environment. 2016; 566–567: 981-987.
  • [47] Babisch, W. The noise/stress concept, risk assessment and research needs. Noise & Health. 2002; 4: 1-11.
  • [48] Pirrera S, De Valck E, Cluydts R. Nocturnal road traffic noise: A review on its assessment and consequences on sleep and health. Environment International. 2010; 36(5): 492–498. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.007
  • [49] Babisch, W. Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise & Health. 2003; 5: 1–11.
  • [50] Wen X, Lu G, Lv K, Jin M, Shi X, Lu F, Zhao D. Impacts of traffic noise on roadside secondary schools in a prototype large Chinese city. Applied Acoustics. 2019; 151: 153–163. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.02.024
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kimya Mühendisliği
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Soumya Kundu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1554-1390

Naba Mondal 0000-0002-1554-1390

Proje Numarası IMPRESS/P1115/552/SC/2018-19/ ICSSR dated 20.09.2019
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 10 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kundu, S., & Mondal, N. (2022). GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1039491
AMA Kundu S, Mondal N. GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside. ijastech. Mart 2022;6(1):27-38. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1039491
Chicago Kundu, Soumya, ve Naba Mondal. “GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Noise in and Around of Schools Situated Near Busy Roadside”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2022): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1039491.
EndNote Kundu S, Mondal N (01 Mart 2022) GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6 1 27–38.
IEEE S. Kundu ve N. Mondal, “GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside”, ijastech, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 27–38, 2022, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1039491.
ISNAD Kundu, Soumya - Mondal, Naba. “GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Noise in and Around of Schools Situated Near Busy Roadside”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 6/1 (Mart 2022), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1039491.
JAMA Kundu S, Mondal N. GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside. ijastech. 2022;6:27–38.
MLA Kundu, Soumya ve Naba Mondal. “GIS Based Assessment of Road Traffic Noise in and Around of Schools Situated Near Busy Roadside”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, c. 6, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 27-38, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1039491.
Vancouver Kundu S, Mondal N. GIS based assessment of road traffic noise in and around of schools situated near busy roadside. ijastech. 2022;6(1):27-38.


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