Mediating Role of Empathy in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Thinking Styles

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 192 - 200, 15.06.2020

Hamdi Korkman Esra Tekel

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.659376

Cited By: 3

Öz

The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between rational and experiential thinking styles and was designed in a correlational design. The sample of the study consists of 593 university students who were determined by simple random sampling method. Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form, Empathy Quotient Scale, and Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale were used for data collection. Bootstrapping method and Pearson product moments analysis were used to analyze the mediating role of empathy. Results indicated that there are significant relationships between the variables. In addition, empathy is a full mediation in the relationship between emotional intelligence and experiential thinking style and empathy is a partial mediation in the relationship between emotional intelligence and rational thinking style.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emotional Intelligence, Thinking Styles, Empathy, Bootstrapping

Kaynakça

• Altınbaş, K., Gülöksüz, S., Özçetinkaya, S. & Oral, E.T. (2010). Empatinin biyolojik yönleri.[Biological correlates of empathy]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2(1), 15­25.
• Atkinson, R.L., Atkinson, R.C. & Hilgard, E.R. (1995). Psikolojiye giriş [Introduction to psychology]. (Çev. Kemal Atalay-Mustafa Atalay-Aysun Yavuz). İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınlar.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (1999). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Buluş, M. (2000). Öğretmen adaylarında yükleme karmaşıklığı, düşünme stilleri ve bilişsel tutarlılık tercihinin bazı psikososyal özellikler ve akademik başarı çerçevesinde incelenmesi [Attributional complexity, thinking styles and preference for cognitive consistency in relation to some psychosocial characteristics and academic achievement in student teachers]. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
• Buluş, M. (2003). Rasyonel Yaşantısal Düşünme Stilleri Ölçeği'nin güvenirlik ve geçerliği [Validity and reliability of Rational Experiential Thinking Styles Scale]. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 3(1), 133-138.
• Buluş, M. (2006). Assessment of thinking styles inventory, academic achievement and student teacher’s characteristics. Eğitim ve Bilim, 31(139), 35-48.
• Cumming, E. A. (2005). An investigation into the relationship between emotional intelligence and workplace performance: An exploratory study. Presented Paper. Lincoln University.
• Çetinkaya, Ö. & Alparslan, A.M. (2011). Duygusal zekânın iletişim becerileri üzerine etkisi: üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma [The effect of emotional intelligence on communication skills: an investigation on university students]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (1), 363-377.
• Davies, M., Stankov, L., & Roberts, R.D. (1998). Emotional intelligence: in search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(4), 989-1015.
• Deniz, M. E., Erus, S. M., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2017). Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü. [Relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being: the mediating role of emotional intelligence]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 17-31.
• Deniz, M.E., Özer, E. & Işık, E. (2013). Duygusal Zekâ Özelliği Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (DZÖÖ-KF)-Kısa Formu: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(169), 407-419.
• Deniz, M. E., Öztürk, A., & Hamarta, E. (2007). Duygusal zekanın yaşam doyumunu yordama gücü. [Prediction power of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction]. G. Özdemir Yaylacı (Edt.) In Emotional Intelligence and Communication Symposium Book, 593-601.
• Epstein, S., Lipson, A., Holstein, C. & Huh, E. (1992). Irrational reactions to negative outcomes: evidence for two conceptual systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 328-339.
• Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive–experiential and analytical–rational thinking styles. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(2), 390-405.
• Erbaş, O. (2013). Oksitosinin fizyolojik etkileri ve klinik uygulama alanları [Physiological effects and clinical applications of oxytocin]. İzmir Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 1(3), 43-53.
• Ergin, B., Kaynak, K. B., Pınarcık, Ö., & Arslan, E. (2013). Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zekâları ve yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction of pre-school teacher candidates]. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 2(2), 35-42.
• Faye, A., Kalra, G., Swamy, R., Shukla, A., Subramanyam, A., & Kamath, R. (2011). Study of emotional intelligence and empathy in medical postgraduates. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(2), 140-144.
• Ferenczi, S. (1949). Confusion of the tongues between the adults and the child-(the language of tenderness and of passion). International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 30, 225-230.
• Fitness, J. & Curtis, M. (2005). Emotional intelligence and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale: Relationships with empathy, attributional complexity, self-control, and responses to interpersonal conflict. E-Journal of Applied Psychology: Social section, 1(1), 50-62.
• Goleman D. (2011). Duygusal zekâ neden IQ’ dan daha önemlidir?[Emotional Intelligence: why it can matter more than IQ?]. (Çev. Edt.: Seçkin B.) İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
• Herbst, T.H.H. & Maree, J.G. (2008). Thinking style preference, emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(1), 32-41.
• Ioannidou, F. & Konstantikaki, V. (2008). Empathy and emotional intelligence: What is it really about? International Journal of Caring Sciences, 1(3), 118–123.
• Jokić, B. & Purić, D. (2019). Relating rational and experiential thinking styles with trait emotional intelligence in broader personality space. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 140-158.
• Kaya, B. & Çolakoğlu, Ö. (2015). Empati düzeyi belirleme ölçeği (EDBÖ) uyarlama çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 17-30.
• Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D.H., & Anderson, C. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological Review, 110(2), 265–284.
• Keysers, C. (2011). Empatik beyin: ayna nöronlarının keşfi insan doğasını anlama yetimizi nasıl değiştirdi? [Empathic brain: how the discovery of mirror neurons changes our understanding of human nature?]. (Çev. Eper, A.). İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
• Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self: a systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
• Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
• Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychological Medicine, 34(5), 911-920.
• MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York: Routledge.
• Mayer, J. D., DiPaolo, M., & Salovey, P. (1990). Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54(3-4), 772-781.
• Mayer J. D. & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, 433-442.
• Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2000). Models of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 396-420). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
• Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Gomberg-Kaufman, S., & Blainey, K. (1991). A broader conception of mood experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 100-111. McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2006). Research in education: evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Ed.
• Moore, T.W., Snider, J.B. & Luchini, M. (2012). Thinking style and emotional intelligence: An empirical investigation. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 5(1), 1-16.
• Murphy, A & Janeke, H.C. (2009). The relationship between thinking styles and emotional intelligence: an exploratory study. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 357-375.
• Norr, A. M., Albanese, B. J., Boffa, J. W., Short, N. A. & Schmidt, N. B. (2016). The relationship between gender and PTSD symptoms: Anxiety sensitivity as a mechanism. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 210-213.
• Özbay, M.H. & Canpolat, B.I. (2003). Psikoterapide empati - nesnellik ikilemi. [Empathy in psychotherapy - The dilemma of objectivity]. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6, 39-45.
• Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 313-320.
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717-731.
• Preacher, K. J. & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
• Salovey P. & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence: imagination. Cognition and Personality, 9(3): 185-211.
• Schmid Mast, M., Jonas, K., & Hall, J. A. (2009). Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity: The phenomenon and its why and when. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(5), 835–850.
• Sladek, R.M, Bond, M.J., & Phillips, P.A. (2010). Age and gender differences in preferences for rational and experiential thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 907–911.
• Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Thinking styles. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Sternberg, R. J. & Zhang, L. F. (2005). Styles of thinking as a basis of differentiated instruction. Theory into Practice, 44 (3), 245–253.
• Zeidner, M., & Matthews, G. (2000). Intelligence and personality. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 581-610). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.