Research Article

Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies

Number: 11 September 18, 2026
EN

Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), can persist in the human body and reach the fetus via transplacental transfer. In this exploratory pilot case-control biomonitoring study, we measured selected OCPs and PCBs in paired placental tissue and umbilical cord blood obtained at delivery from 22 singleton pregnancies in Kütahya, Türkiye, which included 12 intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) cases and 10 controls. Fifteen target analytes were quantified by GC-ECD following solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. Most measurements fell below the limit of quantification (LOQ), so detectability (≥LOQ vs. <LOQ) was used as the main endpoint. At least one analyte was quantified in 7 of 22 placental samples and in 7 of 22 cord blood samples. Placental quantifications included γ-HCH, o,p′-DDT, PCB-101, PCB-118 and o,p′-DDD, while cord blood quantifications were limited to p,p′-DDD, PCB-118 and o,p′-DDE. No significant differences in analyte detectability were observed between IUGR and control pregnancies. Due to the low detection rate, this study had limited statistical power to establish a definitive association between POP exposure and IUGR. These results indicate that paired placental tissue–cord blood biomonitoring is a feasible approach for interpreting low-level OCP and PCB exposure in Türkiye. Because of the small sample size and low detection frequencies, the study should be interpreted as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating pilot study rather than as a definitive assessment of the association between POP exposure and IUGR.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was funded by Kütahya Health Sciences University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under grant no. FBA-2021-81.

Project Number

FBA-2021-81

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Kütahya Health Sciences University on 8 July 2021, with approval no. 2021/12-21. All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles set forth in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants, and the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05088148).

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge Nebile Dağlıoğlu, İsmail Ethem Gören, and Yakup Gülekçi for their valuable technical and scientific support during the development of this study.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 18, 2026

Submission Date

April 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 20, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 11

APA
Şener, H., Bıyık, İ., & Ay, E. N. (2026). Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1940940
AMA
1.Şener H, Bıyık İ, Ay EN. Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies. Int. J. Chem. Technol. 2026;(11):1-11. doi:10.32571/ijct.1940940
Chicago
Şener, Harun, İsmail Bıyık, and Eda Nur Ay. 2026. “Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies”. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, nos. 11: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1940940.
EndNote
Şener H, Bıyık İ, Ay EN (September 1, 2026) Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology 11 1–11.
IEEE
[1]H. Şener, İ. Bıyık, and E. N. Ay, “Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies”, Int. J. Chem. Technol., no. 11, pp. 1–11, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.32571/ijct.1940940.
ISNAD
Şener, Harun - Bıyık, İsmail - Ay, Eda Nur. “Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies”. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology. 11 (September 1, 2026): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1940940.
JAMA
1.Şener H, Bıyık İ, Ay EN. Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies. Int. J. Chem. Technol. 2026;:1–11.
MLA
Şener, Harun, et al. “Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies”. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, no. 11, Sept. 2026, pp. 1-11, doi:10.32571/ijct.1940940.
Vancouver
1.Harun Şener, İsmail Bıyık, Eda Nur Ay. Biomonitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Paired Placental Tissue and Umbilical Cord Blood in IUGR and Control Pregnancies. Int. J. Chem. Technol. 2026 Sep. 1;(11):1-11. doi:10.32571/ijct.1940940